Modern History of Europe:
1600 - present:
1) The Enlightenment:
• The 1700s in Europe• People began to use science as a way of
explaining the world• People stopped using “feelings” and started
using reason to learn truth and error
1) The Enlightenment:
A) Copernicus• Discovered that the sun,
not Earth, is the center of the universe.
Ptolemaic Geocentric Model of the Universe:
Copernicus’ Model:
1) The Enlightenment:
B) Galileo Galilei: • Believed that
Knowledge comes from observing the world– Observations and
measurements.
1) The Enlightenment:
C) Scientific Revolution:• People relied on reason, not faith and
tradition, to understand and explain the world.
1) The Enlightenment:
D) John Locke: • Believed all people have
natural rights– Life, Liberty and
Property• If a gov’t doesn’t
protect these rights, citizens should revolt– American colonists us
this idea LOST!!!!!!!!!
The ORIGINAL John Locke:
2) The French Revolution:
• 1789: The French execute the king!
2) The French Revolution:
• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic
2) The French Revolution:
• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of
Europe.
2) The French Revolution:
• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of
Europe.• 1815: Europe unites to defeat Napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo:
2) The French Revolution:
• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of
Europe.• 1815: Europe unites to defeat Napoleon• To stop political revolutions European
countries limited the power of rulers and guaranteed rights to citizens.
3) Industry:
A) Industrial Rev.:• Starts in Britain:• Use machines to make goods– Cheaper and faster– People can buy more and nicer things
• Changed the lives of people in Europe
3) Industry:
B) Transportation Rev.:• Trains• Airplanes (1900s)
3) Industry:
C) Farming Rev.: • Machines helped farmers grow more food• Population increases• Farms need less work– People left farms to go to the cities to work in
factories
4) Conflict:
A) World Wars: • Countries grew more powerful and had new
weapons• Tensions lead to WWI (1914-1918) and WWII
(1939-1945) – Holocaust: Germany killed 6 million Jews. – Left Europe ruined– Millions dead
4) Conflict:
B) Cold War: • USA and Russia struggle for world control• Western Europe sided with the USA• Eastern Europe sided with Russia and
communism– Gov’t controls the ways of producing goods
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