1. MKSAP 15Medical knowledge self-Assessment program
2. Cardiovascular Medicine Contributors Please note that a "1"
following a contributor's name indicates that he or she has no
relationships to disclose. A "2" indicates that the contributor has
disclosed relationships. Please scroll down to view all
disclosures. Catherine M. Otto, MD, FACP, Book Editor1 J. Ward
Kennedy-Hamilton Endowed Professor of Cardiology Professor of
Medicine Director, Cardiology Fellowship Programs University of
Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Howard H. Weitz,
MD, FACP, Associate Editor2 Professor of Medicine Director,
Division of Cardiology Vice-Chairman, Department of Medicine
Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania R. Michael Benitez, MD1 Associate
Professor of Medicine Fellowship Program Director Division of
Cardiology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore,
Maryland Heidi M. Connolly, MD1 Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota Rosario V. Freeman, MD,
MS2 Associate Professor Division of Cardiology University of
Washington Seattle, Washington Kristen K. Patton, MD2 Assistant
Professor Division of Cardiology University of Washington Seattle,
Washington David M. Shavelle, MD2 Associate Clinical Professor
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Division of Cardiology
Director, Interventional Cardiology Director, Interventional
Cardiology Fellowship
3. Los Angeles County/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance,
California Marcus F. Stoddard, MD1 Professor of Medicine Clinical
Chief Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine
The University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Andrew Wang, MD2
Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Fellowship Training
Program Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Duke University Medical
Center Durham, North Carolina Audrey H. Wu, MD, MPH1 Clinical
Assistant Professor Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University
of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan Editor-in-Chief
Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education and Career
Development American College of Physicians Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Cardiovascular Medicine Reviewers Philip Altus, MD,
MACP2 Gloria Fioravanti, DO, FACP1 John D. Goldman, MD, FACP2 Jose
A. Joglar, MD1 Warren J. Manning, MD, FACP1 Michael W. Peterson,
MD, FACP1 Ileana L. Pia, MD2 Mark D. Siegel, MD1 Cardiovascular
Medicine ACP Editorial Staff Becky Krumm, Senior Staff Editor Sean
McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells,
Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of Clinical Content
Development John Murray, Editorial Coordinator
4. ACP Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy
Executive Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical Education
and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical
Education and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment
Programs Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior
Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff
Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1
Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie
Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial
Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by
the American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below.
5. Conflicts of Interest The following contributors and ACP
staff members have disclosed relationships with commercial
companies: Philip Altus, MD, MACP Consultantship: King
Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis Speakers Bureau: Bristol-Myers
Squibb, King Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis Rosario V. Freeman,
MD, MS Employment (Spouse): Philips Medical Systems John D.
Goldman, MD, FACP Employment: Pinnacle Health Kristen K. Patton, MD
Research Grants/Contracts: Boston Scientific (includes Guidant
products), Medtronic, Inc. Ileana L. Pia, MD Speakers Bureau:
AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis David M.
Shavelle, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Takeda, GlaxoSmithKline,
eV3, Inc., Boston Scientific, Abbott Vascular, Atritech, Inc., St.
Jude, Inc., Possis, Inc., Cordis, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim,
AstraZeneca, Cardiomems Andrew Wang, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
Evalve, Inc., Radiant Medical, Medtronic, Inc. Steven E.
Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Abbott,
GlaxoSmithKline Howard H. Weitz, MD, FACP Other: GlaxoSmithKline
(member of adverse events review committee of a clinical research
trial) Dermatology Contributors Please note that a "1" following a
contributor's name indicates that he or she has no relationships to
disclose. A "2" indicates that the contributor has disclosed
relationships. Please scroll down to view all disclosures.
6. Kathryn Schwarzenberger, MD, Book Editor2 Associate
Professor of Medicine (Dermatology) Associate Chief and Residency
Program Director Division of Dermatology University of Vermont
College of Medicine Burlington, Vermont Jack Ende, MD, MACP,
Associate Editor1 Professor of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
Chief, Department of Medicine Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jeffrey P. Callen, MD, FACP2 Professor
of Medicine (Dermatology) Chief, Division of Dermatology University
of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky Dirk Elston,
MD2 Director, Department of Dermatology Geisinger Medical Center
Danville, Pennsylvania Lindy P. Fox, MD2 Assistant Professor of
Clinical Dermatology Director, Hospital Consultation Service
Department of Dermatology University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California William D. James, MD1 Paul R. Gross
Professor and Vice Chair Department of Dermatology University of
Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Editor-in-Chief Patrick C.
Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education and Career Development
American College of Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dermatology Reviewers Richard Fatica, MD1 Lisa Inouye, MD, MPH,
FACP1 Khalid J. Qazi, MD, MACP1 Steven F. Reichert, MD, FACP1
7. Leonard H. Sigal, MD, FACP2 Laura J. Zakowski, MD1
Dermatology ACP Editorial Staff Katie Idell, Production
Administrator/Editor Sean McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment
Programs Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior
Associate of Clinical Content Development Shannon O'Sullivan,
Editorial Coordinator ACP Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD,
FACP2 Deputy Executive Vice President Senior Vice President,
Medical Education and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice
President, Medical Education and Publishing Sean McKinney1
Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor
Charles Rossi1 Senior Associate of Clinical Content Development
Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff
Editor Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production
Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator
John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator
8. Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by the
American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The
following contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed
relationships with commercial companies: Jeffrey P. Callen, MD,
FACP Honoraria: Stiefel Laboratories Consultantship: Amgen,
Centocor, Abbott, EOS, Genentech, Medicis, VSLT Royalties: Elsevier
Speakers Bureau: Amgen Other: Genmab (Safety Monitoring Committee)
Dirk Elston, MD Consultantship: Abbott, Medicis Lindy P. Fox, MD
Honoraria: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Galderma, Elsevier Kathryn
Schwarzenberger, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Galderma, Genentech,
Amgen Honoraria: Abbott Leonard H. Sigal, MD, FACP Employment:
Bristol-Myers Squibb Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline Endocrinology and
Metabolism Contributors
9. Please note that a "1" following a contributor's name
indicates that he or she has no relationships to disclose. A "2"
indicates that the contributor has disclosed relationships. Please
scroll down to view all disclosures. Henry B. Burch, MD, Book
Editor1 Chief, Endocrinology Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Professor of Medicine and Chair, Endocrinology Division Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland
Howard H. Weitz, MD, FACP, Associate Editor2 Professor of Medicine
Director, Division of Cardiology Vice-Chairman, Department of
Medicine Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Baha M. Arafah, MD2 Professor of
Medicine Director, Clinical Program & Fellowship Training
Program Division of Endocrinology Case Western Reserve University
and University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio
Richard J. Auchus, MD, PhD2 The Charles A. and Elizabeth Ann
Sanders Chair in Translational Research Professor of Internal
Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of
Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, Texas Victor J.
Bernet, MD, FACP1 Director, National Capital Consortium
Endocrinology Fellowship Program Walter Reed Army Medical
Center-Bethesda Naval Medical Center Associate Professor Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland
Silvio E. Inzucchi, MD2 Professor of Medicine Clinical Director,
Section of Endocrinology Director, Yale Diabetes Center Yale
University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Mark E.
Molitch, MD, FACP2 Professor of Medicine Division of Endocrinology,
Metabolism and Molecular Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
10. Meeta Sharma, MD2 Assistant Chief Division of Endocrinology
Director, Diabetes Team Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC
Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education
and Career Development American College of Physicians Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Endocrinology and Metabolism Reviewers Amindra S.
Arora, MD1 Arnold A. Asp, MD, FACP1 Dawn E. DeWitt, MD, MSc, FACP2
Cheryl A. Fassler, MD, FACP2 Jason L. Gaglia, MD1 William James
Howard, MD, MACP2 Steven Ricanati, MD1 Ingram Roberts, MD, FACP2
Cynthia M. Tracy, MD2 Endocrinology and Metabolism ACP Editorial
Staff Ellen McDonald, PhD, Senior Staff Editor Sean McKinney,
Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells, Managing Editor
Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of Clinical Content Development
Shannon O'Sullivan, Editorial Coordinator ACP Principal Staff
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive Vice President
Senior Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing D. Theresa
Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing Sean
McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs
11. Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior
Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff
Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1
Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie
Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial
Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by
the American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The
following contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed
relationships with commercial companies: Baha M. Arafah, MD
Consultantship: Novartis Richard J. Auchus, MD, PhD Consultantship:
Cougar Biotechnology, Takeda Stock Options/Holdings: Merck,
Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Grants/Contracts: Novartis
12. Dawn E. DeWitt, MD, MSc, FACP Honoraria: Sanofi-Aventis
Consultantship: Sanofi-Aventis Other: Sanofi-Aventis Cheryl A.
Fassler, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Amgen Research
Grants/Contracts: Eli Lilly Speakers Bureau: Tercica,
Sanofi-Aventis William James Howard, MD, MACP Research
Grants/Contracts: Pfizer, AstraZeneca Honoraria: Pfizer,
AstraZeneca, Merck, Schering-Plough, Abbott, Sankyo Consultantship:
Merck, Schering-Plough Speakers Bureau: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Merck,
Schering-Plough, Abbott, Sankyo Silvio E. Inzucchi, MD Research
Grants/Contracts: Eli Lilly Honoraria: Pfizer, Takeda, Novartis,
Merck, NovoNordisk Consultantship: Takeda, Novartis, Merck,
Daiichi-Sankyo, Amylin Speakers Bureau: Takeda, Merck Mark E.
Molitch, MD, FACP Research Grants/Contracts: Amgen, Tercica,
Ardana, Lilly Consultantship: Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott, Tercica,
Novartis Speakers Bureau: Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott, Merck Stock
Options/Holdings: Amgen, Abbott, Pfizer Ingram Roberts, MD, FACP
Royalties: UpToDate Meeta Sharma, MD Honoraria: Procter &
Gamble, Takeda, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis Speakers Bureau: Procter
& Gamble, Takeda, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis Cynthia M. Tracy, MD
Honoraria: Medtronic Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline Howard H. Weitz, MD, FACP
Other: GlaxoSmithKline (member of adverse events review committee
of a clinical research trial)
13. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Contributors Please note
that a "1" following a contributor's name indicates that he or she
has no relationships to disclose. A "2" indicates that the
contributor has disclosed relationships. Please scroll down to view
all disclosures. Steven K. Herrine, MD, FACP, Book Editor2
Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Thomas
Fekete, MD, FACP, Associate Editor1 Professor of Medicine Associate
Professor of Microbiology Temple University Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brian P. Bosworth, MD2 Assistant
Professor of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University
New York, New York Patricia Kozuch, MD2 Assistant Professor of
Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas
Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania David E. Loren, MD2
Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Victor J. Navarro, MD2 Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics Hepatology and Liver Transplantation
Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Amy S.
Oxentenko, MD, FACP2 Assistant Professor of Medicine College of
Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Patrick R. Pfau, MD1
Associate Professor of Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison,
Wisconsin
14. Simona Rossi, MD2 Assistant Professor of Medicine Division
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD,
FACP1 Director, Education and Career Development American College
of Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Gastroenterology and
Hepatology Reviewers Amindra S. Arora, MD1 Raymond F. Bianchi, MD,
FACP1 Douglas Einstadter, MD, MPH, FACP2 Asad Khan Mohmand, MD1
Darrell S. Pardi, MD2 Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA, FACP 2 Darius A.
Rastegar, MD, FACP1 Joel E. Richter, MD, FACP2 Ingram M. Roberts,
MD, FACP1 Suzanne Rose, MD, MSEd, FACP2 Gastroenterology and
Hepatology ACP Editorial Staff Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development Sean McKinney, Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Katie
Idell, Production Administrator/Editor ACP Principal Staff Steven
E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive Vice President Senior
Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya,
MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing Sean
McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs
15. Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior
Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff
Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1
Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie
Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial
Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by
the American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The
following contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed
relationships with commercial companies: Brian P. Bosworth, MD
Stock Options/Holdings: Schering-Plough Research Grants/Contracts:
Abbott, Centocor, Cerimon, PDL Biopharma, Salix, UCB, Procter &
Gamble Douglas Einstadter, MD, MPH, FACP Consultantship: Medical
Mutual of Ohio
16. Steven K. Herrine, MD, FACP Research Grants/Contracts:
Human Genome Sciences, Roche, Schering-Plough, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, McNeil Consumer Products, Sanofi-Aventis Speakers Bureau:
Roche, Schering-Plough Patricia Kozuch, MD Consultantship: UCB,
Abbott Speakers Bureau: Scientific American Frontiers Research
Grants/Contracts: Sub investigator for Abbott, Ocera, Celltech,
Berlex, Otsuka, Prometheus, Given Imaging, Alba Therapeutics,
AstraZeneca, Salix, PDL Biopharma; Primary investigator for Abbott,
Centocor Other (Educational Speaking, Ad Board): UCB, Centocor,
Abbott, Elan David E. Loren, MD Speakers Bureau: Olympus America,
Boston Scientific Research Grants/Contracts: Boston Scientific,
Protherics Victor J. Navarro, MD Consultantship: Merck, Alza,
Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Theravance, Metabasis, Janssen,
Viropharma, Johnson & Johnson Research Grants/Contracts: Alza,
Biotrin, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, McNeil Consumer Products,
Madaus Pharma, Merck, Metabasis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Theravance
Amy S. Oxentenko, MD, FACP Research Grants/Contracts: PDL Biopharma
Darrell S. Pardi, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Salix, AstraZeneca,
Procter & Gamble Consultantship: Biobalance Corporation, Lonza,
Salix, Elan Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA, FACP Employment: American
College of Physicians Honoraria: NovoNordisk Joel E. Richter, MD,
FACP Honoraria: AstraZeneca, TAP Speakers Bureau: AstraZeneca, TAP
Suzanne Rose, MD, MSEd, FACP Royalties: Hayes-Barton Press
Consultantship: Takeda, Novartis Speakers Bureau: Takeda, TAP
Simona Rossi, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Human Genome Sciences, McNeil Consumer Products, Novartis
Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering-Plough, Gilead
Sciences,
17. Inc. Honoraria: Gilead Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline General Internal Medicine
ed directly to the syllabus content by clicking on the tabs.
Contributors Please note that a "1" following a contributor's name
indicates that he or she has no relationships to disclose. A "2"
indicates that the contributor has disclosed relationships. Please
scroll down to view all disclosures. Kurt Kroenke, MD, MACP, Book
Editor2 Professor of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine
Research Scientist, Regenstrief Institute Indianapolis, Indiana
Jack Ende, MD, MACP, Associate Editor1 Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Chief, Department of Medicine Penn
Presbyterian Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brent W.
Beasley, MD, FACP1 Associate Professor of Medicine University of
Missouri-Kansas City Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency
Kansas City, Missouri Steven L. Cohn, MD, FACP2 Director, Medical
Consultation Service Kings County Hospital Center Clinical
Professor of Medicine SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, New York Paul A.
Hemmer, MD, MPH, FACP1* Bethesda, Maryland John T. Philbrick, MD,
FACP1 Professor of Medicine Division of General Medicine,
Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine
18. University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville,
Virginia Michael J. Roy, MD, MPH, FACP1* Colonel, Medical Corps, US
Army Professor of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the
Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Stephen M. Salerno, MD, MPH,
FACP1* Associate Professor of Medicine, USUHS Director of Medical
Education Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma, Washington Gary H.
Tabas, MD, FACP1 Professor of Medicine Division of General Internal
Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1
Director, Education and Career Development American College of
Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania General Internal Medicine
Reviewers Raymond F. Bianchi, MD, FACP1 John K. Chamberlain, MD,
MACP1 John H. Holbrook, MD, FACP1 Robert T. Means, Jr., MD, FACP2
Patrick G. O'Malley, MD, MPH, FACP1 Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA,
FACP1 Darius A. Rastegar, MD, FACP1 Robert E. Wright, MD, FACP1
General Internal Medicine ACP Editorial Staff Becky Krumm, Senior
Staff Editor Sean McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment Programs
Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development Shannon O'Sullivan, Editorial
Coordinator ACP Principal Staff
19. Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive Vice
President Senior Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing
D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education and
Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs
Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen
McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor
Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1
Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator Shannon
O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by the American College
of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any entity producing,
marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or
services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has disclosed
relationships with entities producing, marketing, re-selling, or
distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on,
patients. See below. * The views expressed here are those of the
authors only and are not to be construed as those of the Department
of Army, Department of Air Force, or Department of Defense.
20. Conflicts of Interest The following contributors and ACP
staff members have disclosed relationships with commercial
companies: Steven L. Cohn, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Pfizer,
GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, AstraZeneca Speakers Bureau:
Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer Kurt Kroenke, MD, MACP Research
Grants/Contracts: Eli Lilly Consultantship: Eli Lilly, Pfizer,
Forest Robert T. Means, Jr., MD, FACP Honoraria: Beckman Coulter
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Abbott,
GlaxoSmithKline Hematology and Oncology Contributors Please note
that a "1" following a contributor's name indicates that he or she
has no relationships to disclose. A "2" indicates that the
contributor has disclosed relationships. Please scroll down to view
all disclosures. Hematology Jack E. Ansell, MD, FACP, Book Editor2
Chairman, Department of Medicine Lenox Hill Hospital New York, New
York Marc J. Kahn, MD, FACP1 Professor of Medicine
Hematology/Medical Oncology Senior Associate Dean for Admissions
and Student Affairs Tulane University School of Medicine New
Orleans, Louisiana Randy L. Levine, MD, FACP1 Director of Research
for Hematology and Oncology Fellowship Director of Blood Bank and
Transfusion Services
21. Lenox Hill Hospital New York, New York Karen Quillen, MD2
Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Blood Bank Boston
University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Vaishali
Sanchorawala, MD2 Associate Professor of Medicine Boston University
School of Medicine Director, Stem Cell Transplant Program Boston
Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Oncology Bernard A. Mason, MD,
FACP, Book Editor1 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Clinical Professor of Medicine Pennsylvania Hospital Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Mary E. Cianfrocca, DO2 Assistant Professor Division
of Hematology/Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern
University Chicago, Illinois Nancy L. Lewis, MD2 Director, Phase I
Clinical Trial Program Cooper Cancer Institute Voorhees, New Jersey
Jyoti D. Patel, MD2 Assistant Professor Division of
Hematology/Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern
University Chicago, Illinois Russell J. Schilder, MD2 Senior Member
Director, Graduate Medical Education Fox Chase Cancer Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Associate Editor
22. Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, FACP2 Clinical Professor of
Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Chair, Department of
Medicine Abington Memorial Hospital Abington, Pennsylvania
Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education
and Career Development American College of Physicians Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Hematology and Oncology Reviewers John E. Bennett, MD,
MACP1 Lee Berkowitz, MD, FACP1 Duane R. Hospenthal, MD, PhD, COL,
MC, FACP2 Dan L. Longo, MD, FACP1 Robert T. Means, Jr., MD, FACP2
Richard H. Moseley, MD, FACP1 Steven Ricanati, MD1 Barbara L.
Schuster, MD, MACP2 Hematology and Oncology Editorial Staff
Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Sean McKinney, Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development John Murray, Editorial Coordinator ACP
Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive
Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical Education and
Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education
and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs
Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor
23. Charles Rossi1 Senior Associate of Clinical Content
Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1
Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor Katie Idell1
Production Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1 Program
Administrator John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator Shannon
O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by the American College
of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any entity producing,
marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or
services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has disclosed
relationships with entities producing, marketing, re-selling, or
distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on,
patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The following
contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed relationships
with commercial companies: Jack E. Ansell, MD, FACP Consultantship:
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer/Scios, Sanofi-Aventis, St. Jude
Medical, Roche Diagnostics, HemoSense, Aryx Pharma, Aton Pharma,
Instrumentation Labs, Regado Biosciences, ITC, Inc. Mary E.
Cianfrocca, DO Research Grants/Contracts: GlaxoSmithKline Speakers
Bureau: GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Genomic Health
24. Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, FACP Speakers Bureau: Ortho
Biotech Duane R. Hospenthal, MD, PhD, COL, MC, FACP Research
Grants/Contracts: Schering-Plough, Merck Speakers Bureau: Merck,
Pfizer Nancy L. Lewis, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Pfizer, Raven,
Boehringer-Ingelheim, Wyeth, Incyte, PharmaMar USA Inc., Merck,
Novartis, Sonus, EMD Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, PharmaMar,
Amgen, Lilly, BiPar Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Robert T. Means,
Jr., MD, FACP Honoraria: Beckman Coulter Jyoti D. Patel, MD
Speakers Bureau: Genentech Research Grants/Contracts: Lilly
Pharmaceuticals, Genentech Karen Quillen, MD Research
Grants/Contracts: Novo Nordisk Vaishali Sanchorawala, MD Research
Grants/Contracts: Celgene, Millenium Pharmaceuticals Speakers
Bureau: Ortho Biotech, LLP Russell J. Schilder, MD Research
Grants/Contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb Consultantship: Biogen Idec
Speakers Bureau: Biogen Idec, Ortho Biotech, Lilly Barbara L.
Schuster, MD, MACP Honoraria: American Journal of Medicine
(Editorial Board) Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline Infectious Disease
Contributors Please note that a "1" following a contributor's name
indicates that he or she has no relationships to disclose. A "2"
indicates that the contributor has disclosed relationships. Please
scroll down to view all disclosures.
25. John N. Goldman, MD, Book Editor1 Professor Emeritus
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey,
Pennsylvania Thomas Fekete, MD, FACP, Associate Editor1 Professor
of Medicine Associate Professor of Microbiology Temple University
Medical School Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Emily J. Erbelding, MD,
MPH2 Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious
Diseases Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland
Stephen Gluckman, MD, FACP1 Professor of Medicine University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine Chief Infectious Disease Clinical
Services Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Visiting Professor of Infectious Diseases University
of Botswana Joseph A. Hassey, MD1 Clinical Assistant Professor of
Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Department of
Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, Pennsylvania Fred A. Lopez, MD, FACP2 Richard Vial
Professor of Medicine Professor and Vice Chair Louisiana State
University Department of Medicine Assistant Dean Louisiana State
University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Carlene A.
Muto, MD, MS1 Medical Director of Infection Control and Hospital
Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)
Presbyterian Center for Quality Improvement and Innovation, UPMC
Health System Associate Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Judith A. O'Donnell, MD2
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
26. Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine Hospital Epidemiologist and Director Department
of Infection Prevention and Control Penn Presbyterian Medical
Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William R. Short, MD, MPH2
Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, MACP1
Professor of Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Chair,
Department of Medicine Monmouth Medical Center Long Branch, New
Jersey Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director,
Education and Career Development American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Infectious Disease Reviewers Robert D.
Arbeit, MD, FACP2 Rabeh Elzuway, MD1 Thomas E. Finucane, MD, FACP1
John D. Goldman, MD, FACP1 Duane R. Hospenthal, MD, PhD, FACP2
Leigh K. Hunter, MD, FACP2 Jeffrey L. Jackson, MD, FACP1 Richard H.
Moseley, MD, FACP1 Michael W. Peterson, MD, FACP1 Peter H. Wiernik,
MD, FACP2 John Zurlo, MD2 Infectious Disease ACP Editorial Staff
Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Sean McKinney, Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development John Murray, Editorial
Coordinator
27. ACP Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy
Executive Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical Education
and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical
Education and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment
Programs Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior
Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff
Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1
Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie
Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial
Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by
the American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below.
28. Conflicts of Interest The following contributors and ACP
staff members have disclosed relationships with commercial
companies: Robert D. Arbeit, MD, FACP Employment: Paratek
Pharmaceuticals Stock Options/Holdings: Paratek Pharmaceuticals
Emily J. Erbelding, MD, MPH Employment: Johns Hopkins University
Research Grants/Contracts: Health Services Resource Administration,
King Pharmaceuticals Consultantship: Accordia Global Health
Foundation (formerly known as the Academic Alliance for Care and
Prevention of AIDS in Africa) Duane R. Hospenthal, MD, PhD, FACP
Speakers Bureau: Merck, Pfizer Leigh K. Hunter, MD, FACP
Employment: Methodist Health Systems Speakers Bureau: Cubist Fred
A. Lopez, MD, FACP Royalties: UpToDate Judith A. O'Donnell, MD
Employment: Spouse works for Viropharma William R. Short, MD, MPH
Consultantship: Abbott, Tibotec, Gilead Speakers Bureau: Tibotec,
Gilead, Merck Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline Peter H. Wiernik, MD,
FACP Research Grants/Contracts: Favrille, Celgene Honoraria:
Celgene John Zurlo, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Tibotec, Gilead
Nephrology
29. Contributors Please note that a "1" following a
contributor's name indicates that he or she has no relationships to
disclose. A "2" indicates that the contributor has disclosed
relationships. Please scroll down to view all disclosures. Phyllis
August, MD, MPH, Book Editor2 Ralph A. Baer Professor of Medical
Research Professor of Medicine and Public Health Professor of
Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Nephrology and
Hypertension Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York,
New York Virginia U. Collier, MD, FACP, Associate Editor2 Hugh R.
Sharp, Jr. Chair of Medicine Christiana Care Health System Newark,
Delaware Professor of Medicine Jefferson Medical College of Thomas
Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Arlene Chapman, MD2
Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Renal Division Emory
University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Gerald A. Hladik,
MD1 Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Nephrology and
Hypertension University of North Carolina Kidney Center The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North
Carolina Michelle A. Josephson, MD, FACP2 Professor of Medicine
Section of Nephrology University of Chicago Hospitals Chicago,
Illinois Michelle Whittier Krause, MD, MPH1 Associate Professor of
Medicine Division of Nephrology University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences Little Rock, Arkansas Biff F. Palmer, MD, FACP, FASN2
Professor of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
Nephrology Fellowship Program Director Division of Nephrology
30. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas,
Texas Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director,
Education and Career Development American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nephrology Reviewers Sharon Adler, MD,
FACP2 Robert J. Anderson, MD, MACP1 Lee Berkowitz, MD, FACP1 Frantz
Duffoo, MD, FACP1 Kent A. Kirchner, MD, FACP1 Richard I. Kopelman,
MD, FACP1 Dan L. Longo, MD, FACP1 Mark E. Pasanen, MD, FACP1
Barbara L. Schuster, MD, MACP1 Jerry L. Spivak, MD, FACP2
Nephrology ACP Editorial Staff Amanda Neiley, Staff Editor Sean
McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells,
Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of Clinical Content
Development John Murray, Editorial Coordinator ACP Principal Staff
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive Vice President
Senior Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing D. Theresa
Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education and Publishing Sean
McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells1
Managing Editor
31. Charles Rossi1 Senior Associate of Clinical Content
Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1
Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor Katie Idell1
Production Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1 Program
Administrator John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator Shannon
O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by the American College
of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any entity producing,
marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or
services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has disclosed
relationships with entities producing, marketing, re-selling, or
distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on,
patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The following
contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed relationships
with commercial companies: Sharon Adler, MD, FACP Research
Grants/Contracts: Asprevia, Genzyme, Genentech, Novartis
Consultantship: Genentech Phyllis August, MD, MPH Stock
Options/Holdings: Pfizer, Merck Arlene Chapman, MD Research
Grants/Contracts: HALT Trial/NIH, Otsuka America
Pharmaceuticals
32. Virginia U. Collier, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings:
Celgene, Pfizer, Merck, Schering-Plough, Abbott, Johnson &
Johnson, Medtronic, McKesson, Amgen Michelle A. Josephson, MD, FACP
Speakers Bureau: Roche Pharmaceuticals Research Grants/Contracts:
Astellas, Wyeth, Roche Pharmaceuticals Biff F. Palmer, MD, FACP,
FASN Speakers Bureau: Novartis Jerry L. Spivak, MD, FACP
Consultantship: Ortho, Roche, Novartis, Pfizer Steven E.
Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Abbott,
GlaxoSmithKline Neurology Contributors Please note that a "1"
following a contributor's name indicates that he or she has no
relationships to disclose. A "2" indicates that the contributor has
disclosed relationships. Please scroll down to view all
disclosures. David W. Dodick, MD, Book Editor2 Professor of
Neurology Neurology Residency Program Director Mayo Clinic Arizona
Phoenix, Arizona Jack Ende, MD, MACP, Associate Editor1 Professor
of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Chief, Department of
Medicine Penn Presbyterian Medical Center Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP, Editor-in-Chief1
Director, Education and Career Development American College of
Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Richard J. Caselli, MD1
Professor and Chair Department of Neurology
33. Mayo Clinic Arizona Scottsdale, Arizona Bart M.
Demaerschalk, MD, MSc, FRCP(C) 2 Director, Cerebrovascular Diseases
Center Associate Professor of Neurology Division of Cerebrovascular
Diseases Division of Critical Care Neurology Department of
Neurology Mayo Clinic Arizona Phoenix, Arizona Brent P. Goodman,
MD1 Assistant Professor of Neurology Department of Neurology Mayo
Clinic Arizona Scottsdale, Arizona Katherine H. Noe, MD, PhD1
Assistant Professor of Neurology Department of Neurology Mayo
Clinic Arizona Phoenix, Arizona Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD, MSc,
FRCP(C) 2 Professor of Neurology Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Division
of Demyelinating Diseases Mayo Clinic Arizona Scottsdale, Arizona
Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education
and Career Development American College of Physicians Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Neurology Reviewers Dawn E. DeWitt, MD, MSc, FACP,
FRACP2 Richard A. Fatica, MD1 Thomas E. Finucane, MD, FACP1 Faith
T. Fitzgerald, MD, MACP1 Jeffrey L. Jackson, MD, MPH, FACP1 Kevin
A. Kahn, MD2 Bashar Katirji, MD, FACP1 Steven L. Lewis, MD1 Mark E.
Pasanen, MD, FACP1 Steven F. Reichert, MD, FACP1
34. Neurology ACP Editorial Staff Ellen McDonald, PhD, Senior
Staff Editor Sean McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment Programs
Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development Shannon O'Sullivan, Editorial
Coordinator ACP Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2
Deputy Executive Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical
Education and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President,
Medical Education and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles
Rossi1 Senior Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky
Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor
Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production
Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator
John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial
Coordinator
35. Developed by the American College of Physicians 1. Has no
relationships with any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or
distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on,
patients. 2. Has disclosed relationships with entities producing,
marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or
services consumed by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of
Interest The following contributors and ACP staff members have
disclosed relationships with commercial companies: Bart M.
Demaerschalk, MD, MSc, FRCP(C) Research Grants/Contracts: Abbott
(CHOICE, ACT I), Vernalis UK, Neurobiological Technologies, AGA,
St. Jude Medical Honoraria: Genentech, Hoffman Roche
Consultantship: Genentech Other: Neurobiological Technologies,
Neuralieve Dawn DeWitt, MD, MSc, FACP, FRACP Consultantship:
Sanofi-Aventis David W. Dodick, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
Abbott (CHOICE, ACT I), Allergan, AstraZeneca, Advanced Bionics,
Advanced Neurostimulation Systems, Medtronic, Alexza Honoraria:
Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Neuralieve, Solvay, Ortho-McNeil, Coherex,
MAP, Eli Lilly, Endo, Minster Consultantship: Merck,
GlaxoSmithKline, Neuralieve, Eli Lilly, St. Jude Medical, Ortho-
McNeil, Solvay, Coherex, MAP, Endo, Minster Kevin A. Kahn, MD
Employment: UNC Hospitals, Dept. of Neurology Research
Grants/Contracts: UCB Pharmaceuticals Honoraria: Pfizer,
Ortho-McNeil Speakers Bureau: Pfizer, Ortho-McNeil Steven E.
Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Abbott,
GlaxoSmithKline Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD, MSc, FRCP(C) Research
Grants/Contracts: Genentech, Genzyme Consultantship: Genentech
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
36. Contributors Please note that a "1" following a
contributor's name indicates that he or she has no relationships to
disclose. A "2" indicates that the contributor has disclosed
relationships. Please scroll down to view all disclosures. Scott F.
Davies, MD, FACP, Book Editor1 Professor of Medicine University of
Minnesota Chief of Medicine Hennepin County Medical Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, FACP, Associate
Editor2 Clinical Professor of Medicine Temple University School of
Medicine Chair, Department of Medicine Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, Pennsylvania Marie R. Baldisseri, MD, FCCM2 Associate
Professor of Critical Care Medicine Department of Critical Care
Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania Craig E. Daniels, MD2 Assistant Professor of Medicine
Section Head, Critical Care Medicine Division of Pulmonary &
Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota E. Wesley
Ely, MD, MPH, FACP2 Professor of Medicine Allergy, Pulmonary and
Critical Care Health Services Research Center Associate Director of
Aging Research, VA GRECC Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Health Services Research Center Nashville, Tennessee Stanley B.
Fiel, MD, FACP, FCCP2 Professor of Medicine Mt. Sinai School of
Medicine Regional Chairman, Department of Medicine/Atlantic Health
The deNeufville Professor and Chairman Department of Medicine
Morristown Memorial Hospital Morristown, New Jersey
37. Nizar N. Jarjour, MD, FACP, FCCP2 Professor and Head
Section of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of
Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health Madison, Wisconsin Robert Kempainen, MD2 Associate Professor
of Medicine University of Minnesota Hennepin County Medical Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota David E. Midthun, MD, FACP2 Professor of
Medicine Consultant, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Timothy Morris, MD2
Professor of Medicine Clinical Service Chief Division of Pulmonary
and Critical Care Medicine University of California, San Diego San
Diego, California Consulting Authors E. Brigitte Gottschall, MD,
MSPH1 Assistant Professor Division of Environmental and
Occupational Health Sciences National Jewish Health University of
Colorado Denver School of Medicine Denver, Colorado Teofilo
Lee-Chiong, MD2 Head, Division of Sleep Medicine Department of
Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine National Jewish Health
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Denver, Colorado
Steven A. Sahn, MD, FACP2 Professor of Medicine and Director
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina
Editor-in-Chief
38. Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1 Director, Education and
Career Development American College of Physicians Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Reviewers Donna
D. Carstens, MD2 John R. Cohn, MD2 Lois J. Geist, MD, FACP1 Nora
Goldschlager, MD, MACP2 Joseph John Padinjarayveetil, MD1 Trish M.
Perl, MD2 Ileana L. Pia, MD2 Mark D. Siegel, MD1 Jean-Louis
Vincent, MD2 Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine ACP Editorial Staff Charles Rossi, Senior Associate
of Clinical Content Development Sean McKinney, Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells, Managing Editor Katie
Idell, Production Administrator/Editor John Murray, Editorial
Coordinator ACP Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2
Deputy Executive Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical
Education and Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President,
Medical Education and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director,
Self-Assessment Programs Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles
Rossi1 Senior Associate of Clinical Content Development Becky
Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor
39. Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1
Staff Editor Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie
Dangovetsky1 Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial
Coordinator Shannon O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator Developed by
the American College of Physicians 1. Has no relationships with any
entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health
care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. 2. Has
disclosed relationships with entities producing, marketing,
re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed
by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of Interest The
following contributors and ACP staff members have disclosed
relationships with commercial companies: Marie R. Baldisseri, MD,
FCCM Royalties: UpToDate Donna D. Carstens, MD Speakers Bureau:
GlaxoSmithKline John R. Cohn, MD Employment: Asthma, Allergy &
Pulmonary Associates Research Grants/Contracts: GlaxoSmithKline,
Dyax, Novartis, Genentech, Allergan, Schering- Plough Speakers
Bureau: Schering-Plough, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca
Craig E. Daniels, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Novartis, Genzyme,
Cambridge Antibody Technology
40. Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, FACP Speakers Bureau: Ortho
Biotech E. Wesley Ely, MD, MPH, FACP Research Grants/Contracts:
Pfizer, Lilly, Hospira, Aspect Honoraria: Lilly, Hospira, Pfizer
Speakers Bureau: Lilly, Hospira, Pfizer Stanley B. Fiel, MD, FACP,
FCCP Research Grants/Contracts: Novartis, Genetech, Gilead,
Transave, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Speakers Bureau:
GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer
Consultantship: Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline Nora Goldschlager, MD,
MACP Honoraria: St. Jude Medical Nizar N. Jarjour, MD, FACP, FCCP
Research Grants/Contracts: GlaxoSmithKline, Dey, Genentech, Merck
Consultantship: Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Asthmatx Honoraria:
Merck, Novartis Robert Kempainen, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
Hill-Rom, Inc. Teofilo Lee-Chiong, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
Respironics, Restore, Cephalon, Takeda, Saunders, Wiley, Elsevier,
Oxford University Press, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Consultantship: Saunders, Elsevier, Covidien Speakers Bureau:
GlaxoSmithKline David E. Midthun, MD, FACP Royalties: UpToDate
Honoraria: ACP (PIER) Timothy Morris, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
Agen Biomedical, Ltd. Trish M. Perl, MD Research Grants/Contracts:
3M, Sage, Astellas Honoraria: Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, 3M, Baxter
Consultantship: IHI Ileana L. Pia, MD Speakers Bureau: AstraZeneca,
Sanofi-Aventis, Innovia, Merck, Solvay, Novartis
41. Steven A. Sahn, MD, FACP Research Grants/Contracts:
Novartis, AstraZeneca, Intermune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion,
Gilead, Centocor, NIH IPFnet Royalties: UpToDate Honoraria: ACCP
(PCCU) Consultantship: Intermune, Pilot, LAM Foundation Speakers
Bureau: Intermune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pilot Jean-Louis Vincent,
MD Research Grants/Contracts: Abbott, AM Pharma, Apex,
Artisan-Asahi, AstraZeneca, Biosite, Biotest, BioMerieux, Brahms,
Covidien, DaiichiSanyo, Discovery, Drager, Edwards Lifesciences,
Eli Lilly, Esai, Ferring, GlasxoSmithKline, Hutchinson, Intercell,
Merck, Novartis, NovaLung, Novo Nordisk, Organon, Pfizer, Philips,
PICIS, Roche Diagnostics, Spectral, Takeda, Teva, Tyco, Vasamed,
Wyeth Lederle, Zeneus Honoraria: Eli Lilly, Edwards Lifesciences,
Esai, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer
Consultantship: AM Pharma, Apex, Artisan-Asahi, AstraZeneca,
Biosite, BioMerieux, Covidien, Edwards Lifesciences, Eli Lilly,
Esai, Ferring, GlaxoSmithKline, Instrumentation Labs, Intercell,
Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Organon, Pfizer, Philips, Roche
Diagnostics, Spacelabs, Spectral, Takeda, Wyeth Lederle Speakers
Bureau: Eli Lilly, Edwards Lifesciences, Esai, GlaxoSmithKline,
Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP Stock
Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline Rheumatology Contributors
Please note that a "1" following a contributor's name indicates
that he or she has no relationships to disclose. A "2" indicates
that the contributor has disclosed relationships. Please scroll
down to view all disclosures. Marcy B. Bolster, MD, FACP, Book
Editor2 Professor of Medicine Director, Rheumatology Training
Program Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South
Carolina Virginia U. Collier, MD, FACP, Associate Editor2 Hugh R.
Sharp, Jr. Chair of Medicine Christiana Care Health System Newark,
Delaware Professor of Medicine Jefferson Medical College of Thomas
Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
42. Anne R. Bass, MD, FACP2 Associate Professor of Clinical
Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Rheumatology Fellowship
Program Director Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York
Richard D. Brasington, Jr., MD, FACP2 Professor of Medicine
Director, Rheumatology Training Program Division of Rheumatology
Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Alan
N. Brown, MD, FACP2 Associate Professor of Medicine Medical
University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina Beth Jonas,
MD2 Director, Rheumatology Training Program Assistant Professor of
Medicine Division of Rheumatology University of North Carolina
School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina Leslie S. Staudt,
MD1 Assistant Professor of Medicine Director, Rheumatology Training
Program University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma Editor-in-Chief Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP1
Director, Education and Career Development American College of
Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rheumatology Reviewers Robert
D. Arbeit, MD, FACP2 Stewart Babbott, MD, FACP1 Frantz Duffoo, MD,
FACP1 Barri J. Fessler, MD, FACP2 Lois J. Geist, MD, FACP1 Kent A.
Kirchner, MD, FACP1 Carlos J. Lozada, MD, FACP2 Joseph J.
Padinjarayveetil, MD1 Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc2
43. Rheumatology ACP Editorial Staff Amanda Neiley, Staff
Editor Sean McKinney, Director, Self-Assessment Programs Margaret
Wells, Managing Editor Charles Rossi, Senior Associate of Clinical
Content Development Shannon O'Sullivan, Editorial Coordinator ACP
Principal Staff Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP2 Deputy Executive
Vice President Senior Vice President, Medical Education and
Publishing D. Theresa Kanya, MBA1 Vice President, Medical Education
and Publishing Sean McKinney1 Director, Self-Assessment Programs
Margaret Wells1 Managing Editor Charles Rossi1 Senior Associate of
Clinical Content Development Becky Krumm1 Senior Staff Editor Ellen
McDonald, PhD1 Senior Staff Editor Amanda Neiley1 Staff Editor
Katie Idell1 Production Administrator/Editor Valerie Dangovetsky1
Program Administrator John Murray1 Editorial Coordinator Shannon
O'Sullivan1 Editorial Coordinator
44. Developed by the American College of Physicians 1. Has no
relationships with any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or
distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on,
patients. 2. Has disclosed relationships with entities producing,
marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or
services consumed by, or used on, patients. See below. Conflicts of
Interest The following contributors and ACP staff members have
disclosed relationships with commercial companies: Robert D.
Arbeit, MD, FACP Employment: Paratek Pharmaceuticals Anne R. Bass,
MD, FACP Research Grants/Contracts: Centocor Marcy B. Bolster, MD,
FACP Research Grants/Contracts: Procter & Gamble Speakers
Bureau: Genentech, Merck, Novartis Other: Abbott, UCB Richard D.
Brasington, Jr., MD, FACP Speakers Bureau: Centocor, Genentech,
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biogen Idec, Abbott Alan N. Brown, MD, FACP
Speakers Bureau: Abbott Other: UCB, Genentech Virginia U. Collier,
MD, FACP Stock Options/Holdings: Celgene, Pfizer, Merck,
Schering-Plough, Abbott, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic,
McKesson, Amgen Barri J. Fessler, MD, FACP Research
Grants/Contracts: Actelion Consultantship: Gilead, Abbott
Immunology Speakers Bureau: Actelion, Gilead, Encysive
Pharmaceuticals Beth Jonas, MD Research Grants/Contracts: Stryker
Biotech, Roche, Pfizer Other: Abbott Carlos J. Lozada, MD, FACP
Honoraria: Wyeth, Amgen, Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb Speakers
Bureau: Wyeth, Amgen, Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb
45. Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc Stock Options/Holdings: Visicu
Research Grants/Contracts: 3M, Sage Honoraria: Pfizer, Ortho-McNeil
Consultantship: VHA, IHI, Theradoc Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP
Stock Options/Holdings: Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline
46. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Overview Women and
Cardiovascular Disease Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Syndrome and
Cardiovascular Disease Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Systemic
Inflammatory Conditions and Cardiovascular Disease Lifestyle
Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Key Points Cardiovascular
disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and
among persons 75 years and older, more than twice as many die from
cardiovascular disease than from cancer-related causes. More women
than men die of cardiovascular disease each year, and the number of
women dying of cardiovascular disease has not decreased over time.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the death rate due to
cardiovascular disease are 2 to 4 times higher among persons with
diabetes than those without diabetes. Microalbuminuria in persons
with diabetes is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease
and poorer cardiovascular disease outcomes. Patients treated with
radiation therapy have higher than expected rates of valvular and
coronary artery disease. Cardiomyopathy occurs in approximately 2%
of patients treated with anthracyclines; it is directly related to
the cumulative dose and is associated with a mortality rate of
nearly 50%. Trastuzumab is associated with a high risk of
cardiotoxicity, and cardiac function should be closely monitored
during and after treatment. PreviousNext Overview More than 80
million adult Americans (1 in 3) have cardiovascular disease, with
approximately 47% of these persons older than 60 years. If high
blood pressure is excluded, approximately 10% of the adult U.S.
population has cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease,
heart failure, stroke). The incidence of a first cardiovascular
event increases directly with age, occurring in 10 per 1000 men
between ages 45 and 54 years and increasing to 59 per 1000 men for
ages 75 to 84
47. years (Figure 1). The incidence of a first cardiovascular
event for women also increases substantially with age, with a delay
of approximately one decade in rates compared with men.
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the
United States; although cancer- related deaths slightly exceed
deaths related to cardiovascular disease for persons ages 45 to 74
years, deaths due to cardiovascular disease are more than twice as
frequent as cancer-related deaths for persons older than 74 years.
Figure 1. Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease by Age and Sex.
Cardiovascular disease consists of coronary artery disease, heart
failure, cerebrovascular accident, or intermittent claudication.
Framingham Heart Study 1980-2003. Data from National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute. Incidence and Prevalence: 2006 Chartbook on
Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases.
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/cht-book_ip.htm. Published May,
2006. Accessed February 2, 2009. Chart 2-1. PreviousNext Women and
Cardiovascular Disease
48. Women develop cardiovascular disease at later ages than
men, but the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is similar for
both sexes. The average lifetime risk for a woman to develop
cardiovascular disease is approximately 1 in 2. Cardiovascular
disease is the leading cause of death among women; 1 of 3 women die
of cardiovascular disease, compared with 1 of 5 women dying from
cancer-related causes. More women than men in the United States die
of cardiovascular disease each year. Over the past 25 years, the
number of cardiovascular deaths among men has declined
significantly, but the number among women has remained essentially
unchanged. PreviousNext Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease In
2005 in the United States, the prevalence of myocardial infarction
or coronary heart disease/angina was approximately 5% for Asians,
6% for whites and blacks, 7% for Hispanics, and 11% for American
Indian/Alaskan natives. This variable prevalence is largely
attributable to the presence of risk factors in these ethnic
groups: two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke are
found in nearly 50% of blacks and American Indian/Alaskan natives
but in 25% of Asian adults. The prevalence of hypertension and
stroke also has significant ethnic variability. Approximately 30%
of the adult American population have high blood pressure: 16% of
Asians, 19% of Hispanics or Latinos, 32% of whites, and 41% of
blacks. The prevalence in American blacks is among the highest in
the world. Compared with whites, blacks develop high blood pressure
at a younger age, have higher average blood pressure measurements,
and carry a much greater risk of end-organ complications such as
stroke and end-stage kidney disease. PreviousNext Diabetes Mellitus
and Cardiovascular Disease Approximately 10% of the U.S. adult
population has diabetes mellitus, 95% of whom have type 2 diabetes.
Since 1990, the prevalence of diabetes has increased 61%. The
prevalence is approximately 1.5- to 2-fold higher in blacks,
Hispanic Americans, and American Indian/native Alaskan adults than
in whites. Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary artery disease,
heart failure, and stroke, and adults with diabetes are 2 to 4
times more likely to have heart disease or experience a stroke than
persons without diabetes. In 2000, the prevalence of any
self-reported cardiovascular condition among persons with diabetes
older than 35 years was greater than 30%. At least 65% of people
with diabetes eventually die of cardiovascular disease, which is
the leading cause of premature death among patients with diabetes.
Although the cardiovascular disease mortality rate has declined in
the United States, the relative reduction in mortality is much
lower in persons with diabetes than in those without. Among persons
with diabetes, the presence of microalbuminuria is strongly
associated with coronary artery disease, left ventricular
hypertrophy, and peripheral vascular disease.
49. Microalbuminuria is an adverse prognostic indicator for
cardiovascular disease outcomes and all- cause mortality in persons
with diabetes. PreviousNext Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular
Disease The term metabolic syndrome refers to the clustering of
risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The
most commonly utilized definition in the United States is the
presence of at least three of the following five risk factors: 1.
Fasting plasma glucose level 110 mg/dL (6.11 mmol/L) 2. HDL
cholesterol level