Missouri CompMissouri Comp
Texas War of IndependenceTexas War of Independence
Americans Americans began moving began moving into Texas in into Texas in the 1820’s the 1820’s
and brought and brought their slaves their slaves with them. with them.
War fought War fought by Texans by Texans
against against Mexico Mexico
because they because they believed their believed their
rights had rights had been violated.been violated.
Won by Won by Texans in Texans in 1836 and 1836 and
requests to requests to enter the U.S.enter the U.S.
President President Jackson and Jackson and Van Buren Van Buren refused to refused to recognize recognize
Texas Texas statehood statehood because of because of
slavery.slavery.Texas
became its own country
with Sam Houston
president, 1836 to 1845.Mexico never Mexico never
recognized recognized the the
independence independence of Texas.of Texas.
Texas War of IndependenceTexas War of Independence
Texas War of Independence1Texas War of Independence1
Texas entered as a U.S. state
in 1845.Mexico vowed if
Texas became
part of the U.S., this would be an act of
war.One cause of the war
with Mexico in 1846.
Picture/PolkPicture/Polk
•James K. Polk, Democrat• President from 1845 to
1849•Believed in Manifest
Destiny•Expansionist •54’, 40’ or Fight
•Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846
(Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty)•49th Parallel•Won Election of 1844 over Clay by Won Election of 1844 over Clay by
promising to acquire both Texas and promising to acquire both Texas and Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided
anti-slavery bias)anti-slavery bias)
Oregon disputeOregon dispute
•Treaty with Treaty with Great Britain in Great Britain in 18461846
Compromised Compromised with British with British and divided and divided the Oregon the Oregon Country at the Country at the 4949thth parallel parallel
TrailsTrails
Mexican WarMexican War
Mexico severs diplomatic relations with US after Texas Annexation
President Polk sends Sidell to Mexico to offer to buy California and establish Texas boundary
at Rio Grande River
Mexican government rejects offer
Polk moves troops into disputed territory
Fighting in that area April, 1846 (16 killed/wounded)-”American Blood on American
Soil”
Americans victorious in subsequent war-Mexico City Captured-”Halls of Montezuma”
EffectsEffects•US receives Mexican Cession
•Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War
Mexican WarMexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican
Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary
between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million
Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican
Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary
between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million
Map expansionMap expansion
• Election of 1840 MapElection of 1840 Map
End of Mexican War leads to End of Mexican War leads to development of “Free-Soil” Partydevelopment of “Free-Soil” Party
Free Soilers were only Anti-Free Soilers were only Anti-Slavery to the extent that it Slavery to the extent that it prevented opportunities for prevented opportunities for smaller white farmerssmaller white farmers
They want Mexican Cession and They want Mexican Cession and other unorganized territories to other unorganized territories to not have slavery and free land be not have slavery and free land be given to given to whitewhite settlers settlers
Picture/S.DouglasPicture/S.Douglas
Election of 1848Election of 1848• Lewis Cass-Democrat-Popular SovereigntyLewis Cass-Democrat-Popular Sovereignty
• Whigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No positionWhigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No position
• Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van BurenBuren
• Taylor narrowly defeats Cass Taylor narrowly defeats Cass
Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded by Vice-President Millard Fillmoreby Vice-President Millard Fillmore
• 1848 Election Map1848 Election Map
Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryMost intense debate in U.S. History•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South
Comp of 1850Comp of 1850
•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union
•Henry ClayHenry Clay•The Great Compromiser, with
John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose
the Compromise of 1850
•Solve the slavery issue was Solve the slavery issue was through through Popular SovereigntyPopular SovereigntyU.S. U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisSenator from the state of Illinois
•let the people in each territory let the people in each territory decide through the process of decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery voting whether they want slavery or not.or not.
•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the they proposed the Compromise Compromise of 1850of 1850
•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state
•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law
•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
•stop slave trade in Washington, stop slave trade in Washington, D.CD.C..
Picture/S.DouglasPicture/S.Douglas
Map Comp of 1850Map Comp of 1850
Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty
Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether
they want slavery to exist or not in their
state.
Election of 1852Election of 1852• Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New
Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners b/c he is a strong supporter of the b/c he is a strong supporter of the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law
• Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong position on slaveryposition on slavery
• Pierce wins convincinglyPierce wins convincingly
Election of 1852 MapElection of 1852 Map
•Build a transcontinental RR Build a transcontinental RR connecting California to the connecting California to the East Coast either in the East Coast either in the South or NorthSouth or North
•Stephen Douglas wanted Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North the railroad built in the North (with hub in Chicago) and (with hub in Chicago) and had to convince the South to had to convince the South to allow that.allow that.
•Proposed a plan that Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to territories be opened up to slavery in return for building slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.
•Popular SovereigntyPopular SovereigntyKan. & Neb ActKan. & Neb Act
Map Bleeding KanMap Bleeding Kan
Attacks by free-state supporters
Attacks by pro-slavery state supporters
(Led by John Brown)
•Kansas/Nebraska Act Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of led to several acts of
violence between pro-violence between pro-slavery settlers and slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.anti-slavery settlers.
•First violent outbreaks First violent outbreaks between north/south.between north/south.
•Many feel that first Many feel that first battles of the Civil War battles of the Civil War
begin in Kansas in begin in Kansas in 1856.1856.
•Over 200 killedOver 200 killed
Election of 1856Election of 1856
• Republican Party formed in response Republican Party formed in response to Bleeding Kansas (members of the to Bleeding Kansas (members of the Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig parties that object to slavery on moral parties that object to slavery on moral grounds)grounds)
• First platform was repeal of First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law
Election of 1856Election of 1856
• Republican nominee (John C. Fremont)Republican nominee (John C. Fremont)
• Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Immigration Platform (former President Immigration Platform (former President Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore
• Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Douglas not nominated because of negative Douglas not nominated because of negative association with Kansas-Nebraska Actassociation with Kansas-Nebraska Act
Election of 1856Election of 1856
• Democrat Buchanan victorious, Democrat Buchanan victorious, mostly because neither of the other mostly because neither of the other two parties had a national followingtwo parties had a national following
Election of 1856 MapElection of 1856 Map
Bleeding KanBleeding Kan
Competing governments formed in Kansas
Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State
Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins)
Competing governments formed in Kansas
Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State
Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins)
Map Kan/Neb ActMap Kan/Neb Act
Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty
Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether
they want slavery to exist or not in their
state.
REPUBLICAN PARTYREPUBLICAN PARTY
First platform was First platform was repeal of repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Act and Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law
Whigs
Free Soil Party Free Soil Party against the against the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery
Democrats Democrats opposed the opposed the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery
United United against the against the extension of extension of slavery into slavery into the the territoriesterritories
Chart/Rep. PartyChart/Rep. Party
Know Nothing PartyKnow Nothing Party
against immigrationagainst immigration
•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue•Can a slave sue for his freedom?•Is a slave property?•Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred ScottPicture/Dred Scott
Chart/Effect of ScottChart/Effect of Scott
•.
•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are
property.•They are not citizens and have no legal rights under the Constitution.
•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves
to a new territory•Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional
•Southerners see this as their ideal!!!
•Violent abolitionist
•Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas
•Involved in Bleeding Kansas
•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.
Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown
•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition
depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.
of 1859 to capture
weapons and begin his slave
revolt.
Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown
•Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee•Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown
•He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.
•His last words were to this effect: “I “I believe that the issue of slavery will believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the never be solved unless through the
shedding of blood.”shedding of blood.”
•Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.
•Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with
this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to
end slavery.
Picture/J.Brown HangingPicture/J.Brown Hanging
•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.
•The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the
Presidency in 1860.•Slavery was the issue
•Lincoln stated:Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.
(Published Nationwide)•was against the expansion of slavery
•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people.
•Popular sovereignty
Chart/L&D DebatesChart/L&D Debates
Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine)not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine)
SouthernersSoutherners would therfore not support Douglas for the would therfore not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860presidency in 1860Picture/ L&D DebatesPicture/ L&D Debates
Reading/Lincoln on slaveryReading/Lincoln on slavery
Election of 1860Election of 1860
• Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Scott leads to split among DemocratsScott leads to split among Democrats
• Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union Democrats, and Constitutional Union PartyParty
• Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) to win Presidencyto win Presidency
Election of 1860Election of 1860
Country is Country is polarized polarized
(divided) over (divided) over the issue of the issue of
slavery.slavery.
Once Lincoln is elected as president,
South Carolina will secede from
the U.S. along with several
other Southern States.
They will They will form the form the
Confederate Confederate States of States of
America---CSAAmerica---CSA
•303 total electoral votes and
152 to win.
SecessionSecession
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