MIS 105MIS 105
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
The LecturerThe Lecturer
Molla Ehsanul Majid BSc Engg (BUET) MCS (UOW, AUS) MT (UWS, AUS)
One SAP Training (Senior SAP Training Consultant)
Australian Public Education System (Educator)
2MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers
The computer defined: An electronic device that process data, converting it
into information that is useful to people May be for individual use or organisational use Early Analogue Computers were mechanical devices
weighing several tons and using motors & gears to perform calculations
Modern Digital Computers use binary numbers (sets of 0s and 1s) to perform calculations; small in size
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 3
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsersComputers for individual users:
◦One user per machine at any time. ◦Also known as Personal Computers
(PCs) or microcomputers◦Six primary types in this category:
Desktop computers Workstations Notebooks Tablet PCs Handheld computers Smart phones
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 4
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusers
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 5
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersWorkstations:
A specialized, single-user system More powerful than a PC Popular among scientists, engineers and
animators More speed, & memory, high resolution
monitor, greater space
Sun workstationMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 6
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersNotebook computers:
Easily fits inside a briefcase Also known as laptop computers as people
usually use them on laps Operate either on Alternating Current (AC)
or batteries Becoming more and more popular due to
increased power and speed Docking station: an unit that helps a
notebook to be used as a PC; often includes larger monitor and additional ports
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 7
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersTablet PCs:
Smaller than notebooks in size Uses specialised version of softwares and
Operating System Often uses a special digital pen called a Stylus
Pen which is used to write directly on screen Few models have special folded keyboard that
can be used as a notebook iPad is a popular Tablet PC
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 8
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersHandheld PCs:
Small enough to fit in hand PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) is a
popular type of handheld computer Mostly used as an organiser, eg, to take
notes, display telephone numbers and addresses etc
Many PDAs come with internet access and Wi-Fi options
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 9
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersSmart phones:
Cellular phones with advanced features are called smart phones
Features may include email access, specialised software applications (apps), digital camera, music player, miniature keyboard etc
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 10
Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizations◦Have many user at the same time
◦Used by organizations, schools, businesses etc
◦Mainly four types: Network Servers Mainframe Computers Minicomputers Supercomputers
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Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizationsNetwork Servers:
A powerful personal computer with special software and hardware installed
Works as the primary computer in the network All other personal computers in the network are
connected to this central server Clusters or Server farms: A network with dozens or
hundreds of network servers working together Blades: Servers reduced to a smaller unit In a large organization different groups of servers may
have different tasks; some for website hosting, some for email, some for database, some for printing etc
Servers may be accessed through a PC, or handheld devices
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Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizations
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Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizationsMinicomputers:
Comparatively small size In terms of capability, it falls somewhere between
PCs and mainframes Often called midrange computers Can serve the input and output needs of
hundreds of users Supercomputers:
Most powerful computers today with hundreds or thousands of processors; physically large
Can perform trillions of calculation per second Used in the mapping of human genome,
modelling nuclear fission, forecasting weather etcMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 14
Inside the Computer Inside the Computer SystemSystem
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Inside the Computer Inside the Computer SystemSystemEssential Computer Hardware:
A computers hardware devices fall into one of four categories:
Processor Memory Input and output Storage
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Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Processing Devices- Processing DevicesProcessor:
Like the brain of the computer. Organizes and carries out instructions that come from the user or software
Microprocessors: A processor usually consists of one or more
microprocessorsMotherboard:
A circuit board that interconnect other hardware such as processor, hard drive, memory, sound card etc
Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processors can be of a single chip or many chips. In
either case the term CPU refers to a computer’s processor
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Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Memory Devices- Memory DevicesRandom Access Memory (RAM)
Temporarily holds data for faster access by programs Volatile; erases all data when computer turned off The more RAM, the faster the computer Measured in Kilobytes, Megabytes (MB) or Gigabytes
(GB)Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Permanently stores data, even when the computer turns off
ROM holds instructions that computer needs to operate
Eg, CD-ROM, DVD-ROMMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 18
Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Input and Output Devices- Input and Output DevicesInput devices:
Accept instructions from the user or another computer system and deliver this to the computer for processing.
Mouse, joystick, scanner, digital camera, keyboard, microphone etc are input devices
Output devices: Output devices present processed data to the user Monitor, printer, speakers etc are output devices
A touch screen is both an input and output device
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Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Storage Devices- Storage Devices
◦ Stores data. Three main types: Magnetic storage: uses a round disk that spins
around its center. Contains a Read/write head that reads data from the disk or write data onto it. Eg, hard drive
Optical storage: Devices that use lasers to read data from the surface of an optical disk or write onto it. Eg, CD-ROM, CR-RW, DVD-R etc
Semiconductor storage type: Device that use semiconductor chip to store data. Eg, Non-volatile type (Flash drive, memory card) and Volatile type (RAM)
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 20
SoftwaresSoftwares
Mainly of two types: System Software: Programs that are used
to control computer’s hardware or for maintenance purposes so that the computers functions smoothly,
operating systems (windows 7, windows XP), Network operating systems (windows server), Utility softwares (Norton’s Antivirus, disk
defragmenter etc) Application Software: Used to accomplish
a specific task. Eg, Word processing software (MS Word), Spreadsheet software (MS Excel) etc
MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 21
Computer UsersComputer Users
User’s role: Setting up the system Installing software Running programs Managing files Maintaining the system
Userless computers; Controlled by special operating instructions Eg, washing machine, robot etc
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