YEAR 4, YEAR 5, YEAR 6
SCIENCE
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
EARTHEARTHANDAND
UNIVERSUNIVERSEE
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
MATERIALSMATERIALS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
FORCEFORCEANDAND
ENERGYENERGY
Basic needs of human
FoodFood
ShelterShelter
AirAir
WaterWater
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs
Basic needs of animals
FoodFood
ShelterShelter
AirAir
WaterWater
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs
Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive
Plants have basic needs Plants have basic needs
AirAir SunlightSunlightWaterWater
With Basic needs :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted
Without Basic needs:• wilted• turn yellowish• die
1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs
2.1 Analysing life processes in humans
Analysing life processes thathuman undergo
Respond To Stimuli
Respond To Stimuli
BreathingBreathing
ReproduceReproduce
Organs
Inhale – take in air
Exhale – give out air
Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs
A process to producetheir young or offspring
Rate of breath
Number of chest movement in a period of time
Organs
Eyes - sight
Nose - smell
Tongue - taste
Ears - sound
Skin - touch
ExcreteExcrete DefecateDefecate
Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )
Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )
Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )
Faeces
Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive
2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes
Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes
Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol
Effects• lung cancer• coughing
Effects• delay respond to stimuli• lose ability to walk in straight line• can cause accidents
How to avoidHow to avoid
participate in a campaign
discourage among their peers
2.3 Analysing the life processes in animals
Animals life processes
BreathingBreathingExcreteExcrete ReproduceReproduce
Lay eggsLay eggs Give birthGive birthOrgans
Lungs• monkey• bird• whale
Gills• fish• prawn
Lungs-book• crab
Moist skin• frog• earthworm
Trachea structure• insects
DefecateDefecate
To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat
tigerbatwhale
butterfly
bird
Life
processes plants
undergo
Plants respond to stimuli
water, sunlight, touch, gravity.
Why plants need to reproduce?
to ensure the survival of the species.
various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.
What will happen to the world if
plants do not reproduce?
no food supply.
Plants reproduce
Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily
the part of plant that responds
to touch.
the part of plant that responds
to sunlight.
Shoot
the part of plant that responds
to gravity.
Roots
the part of plant that responds to water
Roots
2.4 Understanding the life processes in plants
Special characteristics of animals that protect them
from danger
Special behaviour of animals that protect them
from danger
Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring
elephant and rhinoceros
Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring
elephant and rhinoceros
Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headand legs into the shell when the are
attacked by enemies
Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headand legs into the shell when the are
attacked by enemies
Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales to protect their bodies from injuries
Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales to protect their bodies from injuries
SpinesRaise the sharp spines when the enemies advance towards them
porcupine
SpinesRaise the sharp spines when the enemies advance towards them
porcupine
Horns Use their horn to attack enemies
deer and goat
Horns Use their horn to attack enemies
deer and goat
Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their young from the enemies- lion ,cat,
bears, and eagle
Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their young from the enemies- lion ,cat,
bears, and eagle
Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies – eg: octopus, squid
Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies – eg: octopus, squid
Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-eg..: scorpion,
centipede snake and bee.
Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-eg..: scorpion,
centipede snake and bee.
CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are
similar to the surroundingchameleon and zebra
CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are
similar to the surroundingchameleon and zebra
Pretend to dieTo trick their enemies
eg.: beetle
Pretend to dieTo trick their enemies
eg.: beetle
3.1 Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from danger
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive
Hot weatherHot weather
Cold weatherCold weather
Wrinkled SkinElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo lose body heat through wrinkled skin
Wrinkled SkinElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo lose body heat through wrinkled skin
WallowingElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo keep their body cool by wallowing in
mud hole
WallowingElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo keep their body cool by wallowing in
mud hole
HumpsCamels store food and water in the form
of fats in the hump on their back
HumpsCamels store food and water in the form
of fats in the hump on their back
Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent their body
from losing heat to cold surroundings
Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent their body
from losing heat to cold surroundings
Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguin, seal, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguin, seal, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
heat loss from their bodies
Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
heat loss from their bodies
HibernatePolar bears hibernate during extreme cold
weather
HibernatePolar bears hibernate during extreme cold
weather
3.2. Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from extreme weather
3.3. Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to enable them to survive
The specific characteristics of plants that protect them
from enemies
The specific characteristics of plants that protect them
from enemies
characteristics that protect
plants
characteristics that protect
plants Have thorns
poisonous
Have fine hairs
Produces
latex
Close leaflets
when touch
3.4. Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from enemies
strong windstrong winddry regiondry region
Eg : cactus
a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can prevent the excessive loss of water
a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can prevent the excessive loss of water
Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree
a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves
a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves
3.5. Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from dry region and strong wind
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
1.3 Volume of solid 1.3 Volume of solid
1.1 Length1.1 Length
1.2 Area1.2 Area
1.5 Mass1.5 Mass
1.6 Time1.6 Time
1.7 Standard units1.7 Standard units
1. Measurement
1.4 Volume of liquid
1.4 Volume of liquid
Length
Terminology
The distance between two points / place / position
Ways to measure
Measuring tape
Cubit
Arm spanString
Ruler
Standard Tools
Measuring tape Ruler
Unit
mm cm m km
Correct technique
The eye must be directly above the end of object
1.1. Understanding the measurement of length
Area
Area is the amount of space taken up by the surface of an object.
Terminology
Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre
Standard unit
- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)
- Using formula
Area = length X width1cm
1cm
Different ways to measure area
2cm
4cm
= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2
3cm
3cm
Placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects
1.2. Understanding how to calculate area
Volume
Terminology
The amount of space that something takes up
1.3 Solid
1.4 LiquidFormula
length x width x height
Standard units
mm3 , cm3, m3
Tools
Standard units
Measuring cylinder
ml, lCorrect technique
a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus.
1.3. Understanding how to measure the volume of solid
1.4. Understanding how to measure the volume of liquid
Mass
Terminology
Amount of matter in an object
Tools
Electronic balance
Simple balance
Beam balance
Kitchen scale
Bathroom scale
Lever balance
Standard unit
mg g kg
Correct technique
1.5. Understanding how to measure mass
TimeTerminology
Duration between two event
Way to measure
sundial , sand clock , candle clock
Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time
-swinging pendulum
-pulse rate
- burning candle
-water dripping
-changing of day and night
-swinging pendulum
-pulse rate
- burning candle
-water dripping
-changing of day and night
Tool
Standard unit
second , minute , hour
Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock
Old clock
Events that can be used to measure time
1.6. Understanding how to measure time
easy to communicate and understanding
easy to communicate and understanding
for accuracy and consistency
for accuracy and consistency
The Importance of standard units
The Importance of standard units
1.7. Realising the importance of using standard units
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
The properties of materialsThe properties of materials
Insulator
Float on water
Conduct electricity
metal
Conduct heatSink in water
Allow light to pass through
Can be stretched
wood
stone rubber band
glass carbon plastics
metalwood
1.1. Understanding the properties of materials
WAYS TO KEEP THINGS
HOTHOT
Covered with insulating materialseg. husk, saw dust, polystrene
COLDCOLD
hot things cold things
To prevent heat loss
To prevent fromabsorbing heat
1.2. Applying the knowledge of properties of materials in everyday life
MaterialsMaterials
List of objects and materials that they
are made of
List of objects and materials that they
are made of
objects materials properties
knife metal hard
toilet paper
wood absorbent
car screen glass transparent
Reasons why particular materials are used to
make an object
Reasons why particular materials are used to
make an object
cheap
easy to get
strength
good quality
1.3. Synthesising the knowledge about uses of materials based on their properties
naturalmaterialsnatural
materialsman-madematerials
man-madematerials
woodwood metalmetal rubberrubbercottoncotton plasticsplastics synthetic clothsynthetic clothnylonnylon
reduce reuse recycle
paper plastic bag bottle plastics glass
Types of materialsTypes of materials
Ways of reuse, reduce and recycle
1.4. Knowing the importance of reuse, reduce and recycle of materials
MATERIALS
Object that RUST Object that RUST Object that
DO NOT RUST
Object made ofIRON and STEEL
Object made of GLASS, PLASTIC, WOOD, CLAY
and SILK
*nail*npoon*knife*needle
*glass*bottle*cup*pencil
1.5. Understanding that some materials can rust
RUSTING
Different ways to
prevent rusting
Different ways to
prevent rusting
* Coating with non rusting materials* paint* oil* grease
Reason for
preventing rusting
Reason for
preventing rusting
*Everlasting live*Save natural material*Save cost*Looking good
*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron incontact with air and water.
1.6. Understanding that rusting can be prevented
The solar systemThe solar system
List of constituents
List of planetsList of planets
Planets move around
the Sun
-Eight Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids
Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – Noodle
1.1. Understanding the Solar System
The relative size and distance
The relative size and distance
Size of the Sunrelative to the size
of the Earth
Size of the Earthrelative to the size
of the Moon
The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon
the Sun
1
the Earth
100 the Earth
1
the Moon
4
the Sun
the Earth the Moon
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
1.2. understanding the relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
Earth in theSolar SystemEarth in the
Solar System
Reasons why certain planets
are not conducivefor living things
Reasons why certain planets
are not conducivefor living things
EFFECTThe only planet in the
Solar System that has living things
The only planet in the Solar System that has living things
•The nearer the planet to the Sun , the hotter the surface of the planet .
•The farther a planet from the Sun , the colder the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.
•Earth is the third planet from the Sun. •It receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air. •There is water on Earth.
Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.
1.3. Appreciating the perfect placement of the planet Earth in the Solar System
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life
Limitation of human abilityLimitation of human ability
Examples of human limitations are• Unable to see fine objects• Unable to speak loud• Unable to walk for long distance• Unable to see far away objects
Examples of human limitations are• Unable to see fine objects• Unable to speak loud• Unable to walk for long distance• Unable to see far away objects
Devices to overcome human limitation
Devices to overcome human limitation
Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Microphone- To increase the voice volumeTelephone- To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes- Can travel long distance in a shorter timeTelescope, binocular- To see far away objects
Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Microphone- To increase the voice volumeTelephone- To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes- Can travel long distance in a shorter timeTelescope, binocular- To see far away objects
Transportation
Land: Animal bicycle car train
Air : hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane
Water: canoe raft sampan ferry ship
Communication
Smoke carrier pigeon Telephone
Construction
Cave hut wooden house apartment
Development Of Technology
(example)
Development Of Technology
(example)
1.2. Understanding the development of technology1.2. Understanding the development of technology
Agriculture
hoe plough tractor combine harvester
Problems theyencounter in their daily life
Problems theyencounter in their daily life
Ideas to solve the identifiedproblems
Devices to solvethe problems identifiedDemonstrate that devices
invented can be used to solve the problems
identified
Technology can be used to solve problems
Cannot move and lift heavy thing
Cannot move farther
Sketch the model
Brain storming
. Wheel barrow
. lever
Pulley –easy to lift object from lower to higher level
Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily
1.3 . Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems1.3 . Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems
1.4. Analysing that technology can benefit mankind if used wisely1.4. Analysing that technology can benefit mankind if used wisely
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world
•TransportationEnable human to travel
far away places in shorter time•Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops
•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build
•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world
•TransportationEnable human to travel
far away places in shorter time•Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops
•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build
Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials
Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals
Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials
Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
EARTHEARTHANDAND
UNIVERSUNIVERSEE
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
MATERIALSMATERIALS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
FORCEFORCEANDAND
ENERGYENERGY
7
1.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living thing1.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living thing
MicroorganismMicroorganism
BacteriaBacteria FungiFungi ProtozoaProtozoa VirusVirus
Cannot see with naked eyes
GrowMoveBreathe
Characteristics
Causes thedough to rise
• Rotten oranges• Mouldy rice
tiny
1.2. Understanding that some microorganisms are harmful and some are useful1.2. Understanding that some microorganisms are harmful and some are useful
Harmful anduseful organisms
Harmful anduseful organisms
UsefulUseful HarmfulHarmful
Can cause
Illness Foodpoisoning
Food stale
Toothdecay
Making bread/tapai/tempe/fertilizer
PreventionPrevention
DiseaseDisease
Stomach upset
Measles/cough
Tooth decay
Conjunctivitis/mumps
Washing hand
Drink boiled water
Covering mouth and nose when coughingand sneezing
Survival of animal species
Survival of animal species
Animals take care of their eggs and young from being eaten by predators
How animals ensure the survival of their species.How animals ensure the survival of their species.
Some animals take care of their eggs and young and some do not
Bird – make their nest on high placeFrog – lay many slimy eggs and with bad smellSpider - kept in a bag underneath its bodyFish - keep their young in their mouthsSnake, Tiger - attack in order to protect their eggs Turtle – lay many eggs, bury their eggsKangaroo - carry their young in their pouches Elephant - stay in herds
2.1. Understanding that different animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species2.1. Understanding that different animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species
Survival of PlantSpecies
Water
Explosive mechanism
Wind
Animal
• Light
• Air Space in the fruits
• Not water absorbent
• Light
• Small in size
• Winged
• Dry when ripe
• Explodes when mature
• Brightly coloured
• Edible
• Have smell
• Have hooks
• Coconut
• Lily
• Shorea
• Angsana
• Lalang
• Rubber fruit
• Balsam fruit
• Chestnut
• Rambutan
• Mango
• Love grass
• Mimosa
Agents of dispersalAgents of dispersal Special characteristicsSpecial characteristics Examples
2.2. Understanding that different plants have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species2.2. Understanding that different plants have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species
Consequencesof
animals and plants
become extinct
Consequencesof
animals and plants
become extinct
Importance
shortage of food resource
animals and plants species may face extinction
2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species
Food ChainFood Chain
Animals and the food they eat
Animals and the food they eat
Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore
and omnivore
Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore
and omnivoreProducer Producer Consumer Consumer Construct food chainConstruct food chain
Green plant obtain energy from
the sun to make food.
GreenPlant as a producer
Herbivore :Animals that eat plants only.
e.g.: cow, goat, deer
Carnivore:Animals that eat other animals.
e.g.: tiger, lion
Omnivore:Animals that eat plants and
other animals
Animals that eat plantor other animals
are called consumers.
The food relationshipamong living things
can be shown bya food chain.
To construct food chain It must start
with plant as a producer.
In a food chainthe arrow
means ‘eaten by’
All living things need food to survive.
Green plant can make theirown food.
However animals cannot make their own food
3.1. Understanding food chain 3.1. Understanding food chain
Synthesizing food chain to construct food web
Food webFood web What will happen
If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?
What will happen
If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?
Food web of different habitatsFood web of different habitats
What will happento a certain species
of animals if they
eat only one typeof food ?
What will happento a certain species
of animals if they
eat only one typeof food ?
Paddy field
garden
A change in the populationof a certain species
will effect the population of other species
They will face difficultyto survive – if the
source of food runs out
3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web
7INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
The Uses of Energy
Why energy is needed?
- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing
- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing
The Sources of Energy
Sun
- main source of energy- produces light and heat- main source of energy- produces light and heat
Food
- food contains stored energy- food contains stored energy
Wind
-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills
-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills
- to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things
FuelBatteries
- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas
- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy
- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy
Water
- moving or falling water produce energy
- moving or falling water produce energy
1.1. Understanding the uses of energy1.1. Understanding the uses of energy
Energy can be transformed from one form to another
Form of energySound energy
Heat energy
Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy
Chemical energy
Potential energy
Energy can betransformed
a) lighting a candle Chemical energy → heat energy + light energy
b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy → kinetic energy
Example of appliance that make use of energy transform
a) Electric iron Electrical energy → heat energy
b) Radio Electrical energy → sound energy
c) Television Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy
1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another
Renewable and non-renewable
energy
Renewable energy
Energy that cannot be replenished
Resources –solar, wind,biomass fuel,water
Non-renewable energy
Energy that can be replenished when it is used up
Resources –natural gas,petroleum,coal
Why use energy wiselyHow to use energy wisely
Some energyresources cannotbe replenishedwhen used up
To savecost
Avoid wastage
Reducepollution
Turn off thetelevision whenno one iswatching it
Switch off thelights beforeleavingthe room
1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy
Electricity SourcesDry cellDry cell
AccumulatorAccumulator
DynamoDynamo
Solar cellSolar cell
Types of circuitsTypes of circuits
Name Symbol
Dry cell
Connecting wire
Switch
Bulb
Symbols and componentsParallel circuit Series circuit
Differences
The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter then the bulb in the series circuit
2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity
2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit
PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
Danger of mishandling electrical appliances
Fire Burn Electric shock Electrocution
Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances
Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand
Do not repair electrical appliances on your own
2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances
Light
Can be reflected
Reflection of light
Side mirror of a car
Periscope Kaleidoscope
Travels in a straight lineTravels in a straight line
How shadow is formed
How shadow is formed
When light is completely or
partially blocked by an opaque object
When light is completely or
partially blocked by an opaque object
The light that falls on objects ‘bounces off’ the objects and comes to your eyes
mirror
3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line
3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected
Uses of reflection
How ?
Heat
Gain heat Loss heatLoss heat
CoolerCoolerWarmer
Measure temperature using the correct technique
Measure temperature using the correct technique
The effects of heat on matterThe effects of heat on matter
Matter expands when heated
Matter contracts when cooled
4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness
4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter
7INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas
has mass
SOLID LIQUID GAS
fixed volume
fixed shape
has mass
no permanent shape
fixed volume
no fixed shape
has mass
no fixed volume
can be compressed
1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas
solidsolid liquid gas
watermilk
airsteam
woodstone
Changing states
of water
Changing states
of water
gas - liquidgas - liquid
liquid - solidliquid - solid
liquid - gasliquid - gas
solid - liquidsolid - liquid melting
Affected by windy and hot weather
evaporation
condensation
Freezing
1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another
WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE
Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment
Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment
Formation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainFormation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of water
Changes in the states of Changes in the states of matter in the water cyclematter in the water cycle
Liquid to gas (Liquid to gas (evaporationevaporation))Droplets of water will Droplets of water will become bigger andbecome bigger and heavier →heavier → rain
evaporation
condensation
sea
Gas → liquid Gas → liquid (Condensation) (Condensation)
1.3 . Understanding the water cycle1.3 . Understanding the water cycle
Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance
of water resourcesof water resources
Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance
of water resourcesof water resources
To prevent living aquatic from being To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinctiondestroyed and undergoing extinction
Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean. Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean.
To ensure the cleanliness To ensure the cleanliness of water supplyof water supply
To regulate To regulate the formation of the formation of clouds and rainclouds and rain
To avoid infected To avoid infected diseasesdiseases
Ways to keep our water Ways to keep our water resources clean resources clean
Keep the rivers cleanKeep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaignCleanliness campaign
1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources
PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
tastetasteusing using litmus paper litmus paper to identifyto identify
Properties of acidic, alkaline Properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substancesand neutral substancesChanges in colour Changes in colour
of litmus papersof litmus papers
blue to redblue to red red to bluered to blue
no changeno change
bitterbittersoursour
ALKALIALKALIACIDACID
NEUTRALNEUTRALSUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES
•Taste bitter Taste bitter •Change red litmus Change red litmus paper bluepaper blue
•Taste sour Taste sour •change blue litmus change blue litmus paper redpaper red
Other tastes – salty / sweetOther tastes – salty / sweetno changes in litmus paperno changes in litmus paper
acidacid alkalinealkaline
neutralneutral
2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances
acidacidalkalinealkaline
7
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
Show directions
Indicates Seasons
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky
Importance of constellation
Importance of constellation
Identify constellation
What constellation
Is ?
1.1. Understanding the constellation1.1. Understanding the constellation
Big Dipper
ScorpionOrion
Southern Cross
North
North
South Kite or Cross Scorpion
Hunter
Laddle
south
planting harvestingdesert sea
Earth rotates on it axis
Earth rotates and at the same time
moves around the Sun
Moon rotates on it axis
Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth
The Moon and the Earth move
round the Sun at the same time
The earth rotates on its axis from west to east
The changes in length and position
of the shadow throughout the day
2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
The occurrence of
day and night
The occurrence of
day and night
It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun
It is night time for the part of the Earth facing
away from the Sun
Day and night occurdue to the rotation of the Earth
on its axis
the Sun the Earth
night-timenight-time
daytimedaytime
axisaxis
westwest easteast
2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night
Phases of the Moon
1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon
7- Old half moon
2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon
7
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
The shapes of objects in a structure
The shape of objectsThe shape of objects Identify shapes in a structureIdentify shapes in a structure
CuboidCube Cylinder
Sphere ConePyramid
Sphere
Cylinder
1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure
Shapes of objects that are stable
The factors that affect stability of objects
How base area affects stability
How height affects stabilityHow height affects stability
The strength
and stability
of a structure
The factors that affect the strength of a structure
Design a model thatis strong and stable
Cube, cone, cylinder
Height , base area
Bigger base area more stableSmaller base area less stable
Lower object more stableHigher object less stable
Types of materials usedSteel ,Iron, Wood
Suggested design for:
Bridge – one with manila card and one with wood
1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
EARTHEARTHANDAND
UNIVERSUNIVERSEE
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
MATERIALSMATERIALS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING
FORCEFORCEANDAND
ENERGYENERGY
7
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimals
Some live in solitary
(Animals that live by themselves)
SomeSomelive in groupslive in groups
(Animals that live together)(Animals that live together)
zebra giraffesgiraffesbees ants tigerlizardcatsnake
For safetyFor Food
To avoid competition for food To avoid competition for space
Cooperation is a form of interaction
1.1. Understanding that some animals live in groups and others live in solitary
Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things
Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things
Animals
Plants
Factors for competition
Food
Water
Mate
Shelter
Space
Limited food resources
Limited water resources
Trying to get mate to breed
Defending or looking for shelter
Defending or looking for space
Factors for competition
Nutrient
Sunlight
Water
Space
Limited sunlight can reach them
Limited water resources
Limited space
Limited nutrient
Reason
Reason
endangered species
Extinct animal
Endangered animal Endangered plant
•Dodo bird•Dinosaur•Auk bird•Desert rat kangaroo•Mammoth•Quagga•Tasmanian wolf
•Tiger•Turtle•Orang Utan•Panda•Rhinoceros•Hornbill•Blue Whale
•Raflessia•Pitcher plant•Venus fly trap•Wild orchid
1.3. Understanding the responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species
Responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species
Factors of Extinction
ways to prevent extinction
Illegal HuntingElephant – TuskTiger – Skin & BoneBlue Whale – FatGiant Panda – FurRhinoceros - Horn
Illegal LoggingCutting of treesForest clearingThe destruction of habitat
Excessive developmentWater & air PollutionMany habitats have beendestroyed
Extreme WeatherLong dry seasonFlood Forest fire
Campaign against excessive loggingEducate the public about the importance of protecting & conserving animals & plantAvoid consuming or buying products made from endangered speciesEnforcing the lawReplantingSelective loggingSetting up forest reservedSetting rehabilitation centreEncourage recycle , reuse & reduce Campaign
Impact of human
activities on environment
Environmental destruction caused by human activities
Uncontrolled human activities to the Earth
Environmental Destruction
Environmental Destruction
ErosionLandslideFlash-FloodsWater & Air pollution
Illegal & Excessive LoggingClearing ForestImproper management of development
•Erosion•Landslides•Flash-Floods•Loss of habitats
Illegal & Excessive hunting
Improper management of waste from factory
Improper management of waste from household
Extinction of endangered
species
Air & water pollution
Water pollution & flash flood
Excessive use of fertilisers, pesticides
& herbicides
Heavy usage of motor vehicles
The Lost of habitatThe lose of raw material &food suppliesClimate changesThe rise in temperature on earthExtinction of endangered speciesThe balance in nature is disturbedThe loss of the Earth’s natural water basin
Air & water Pollution
Air pollution
1.4. Knowing the impact of human activities on environment
7
INVESTIGATING FORCE
AND ENERGY
1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forces
FORCE
Pull – an action of bringing an object towards us
Push – an action of moving an object away
DEFINITION
EffectsMove a stationary object
Stop a moving object
Change direction of moving object
Make object move faster or slower
Change the motion of an object
Change the shape of an object
Friction
Definition
-Force that apposes the movement of an object.
-Two surfaces in contact
Effects
-Surfaces warm.
-Difficult to move
-Wear and tear.
-Slow down and stop
Reduce
-Lubricant :oil, wax, grease or water
-Air cushion
-Talcum powder
-Roller marbles
-Ball bearing
Advantages1. Hold thing2. Walk without slipping3. Sharpen a knife4. Slow down moving
Disadvantages1. Wear and tear2. Produce heat
Advantages/Disadvantages
1.2. Understanding the effects of a force
1.3. Analysing friction
Speed
A measurement on how fast an object moves
an object which moves faster travels a
longer distance in a given time
Definition
an object which move faster takes a shorter
time travel a given distance
Conclusion
Calculation
FormulaSpeed = distance / time
Unit• km/h,• m/s ,• cm/s
2.1. Understanding speed
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
•Unpleasent smell eg. Fish with bad smell•Unpleasent taste eg. milk turns sour•Changed colour eg.vegetables, rice•Changed texture eg. Yogurt turns curd•Mouldy eg. Yogurt have many black spots
Characteristics of Spoilt Food
Characteristics of Spoilt Food
Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten
Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten
Bacteria Fungus
•Air•Water•Nutrient•Suitable Temperature( 5°C - 65° C ) •Suitable acidity
Food spoilage
1.1. Understanding food spoilage
Condition for microbes to grow
Condition for microbes to grow
What is spoilt food
What is spoilt food
Microbes that spoilt food
Microbes that spoilt food
Food preservation(Process whereby food turning
bad is slowed down)
Food preservation(Process whereby food turning
bad is slowed down)
Drying Boiling CoolingVacuum packing
Pickling
Freezing
Example :fish, prawn, fruits
Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot
grow without water
Example :Eggs, water
Reason :Boiled will killed bacteria
and fungi
Example :eggs, vegetables, fruits
Reason :Cold temperature slow
down the growth ofbacteria and fungi
Example :Biscuits, crackers,
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow without water
Reason :Prevents the growth
of bacteria andfungi
Example :Fruits, chili, fish
Bottling/canning
PasteurisingSalting
Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot active at a
very low temperature
Example :Fish, meat
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow without air
Example :Meat, fish, fruits
Reason :Destroy
microoganism
Example :Milk, yogurt
Reason :Bacteria and fungi
cannot grow in verysalt substances
Example :Fish, eggs
Reason :Dry the food
Example :Fish, meat
Reason :Slow down theloss of water
Example :Fruits
Smoking
Waxing
1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation
The importance of preserving food
The importance of preserving food
Food can be keptfor a longer time
Easier tostore
Easier tocarry
To prevent thewastage of foodTo prevent the
wastage of food
1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food
Waste disposal
Waste disposal •Gas•Liquid•Solid
•From agricultural activities•From vehicles and open burning•Toxic materials•Rubbish
Sources of wastes
Types of waste
•Open burning•Littering•Chanelling- waste factories into river• Releasing smokeand dangerous gasses
•Treat waste water•Keep environment and home clean•Reuse and recyclerubbish and waste• Reduce car•Build factories farfrom home
The improperways disposal
Smoke dissolved form weak acidKills plants & fishDestroys building & bridges
Rubbish thrown in rivers or drain Cause flash-floods& water over flowKill plants & animals in the river
Open burningCause asthma & eye irritationAir pollution
DiseaseCause by eating polluted fish and plants
The harmfuleffect
The proper disposal ways
2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment
• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate
• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate
• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects
• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects
• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell
• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell
• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate
• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate
•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat
•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat
• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Bacteria
Waste thatcan decay
Waste that decayWaste that decay
Waste that do not decayWaste that do not decay
Microbes that causewaste to decay
Microbes that causewaste to decay
Advantages of waste decayingAdvantages of waste decaying
Disadvantages of waste decaying
Disadvantages of waste decaying
What will happen ifwaste do not decay
2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE
Eclipse of the moon
The Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon
The Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon
The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon
Sun Moon
Earth
1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon
ECLIPSE OF THE SUNECLIPSE OF THE SUN
The Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth
The Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a
straight line
The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching
the Earth
The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching
the Earth
The Moon’s shadow is formed on the Earth’s surface
SUN
Earth
Moon
The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time
PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE
1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
WHEEL AND AXLE
Simple machine
LEVERLEVER
WEDGE
PULLEY
GEAR
INCLINED PLANE
SCREW
-To carry or move heavy objects
- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor
-To carry or move heavy objects
- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor
-To lift heavy objects easier
eg. stairs , slanting wooden plank
-To carry to move heavy objects easily
eg screw driver , car spanner
-To carry or lift objects to a higher place
eg. flag pole , crane
-To cut or separate objects
eg. knife , saw , axe
-To fix two objects together
eg. drill bit , spanner
-To move objects easily
eg. Gear in a watch
A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster
A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster
1.1. Understanding simple machines
ComplexmachineComplexmachine
WheelbarrowLever, wheel and axle
CraneGear, pulley, lever
Egg beaterGear, wheel and axle
BicycleGear, lever,
wheel and axle ScissorsLever, wedge
Hand drillWedge, wheel and axle
1.2. Analysing a complex machine
MachinesMachines
Difficulty in moving heavy thingsDifficulty in moving heavy things
Will not be able to travel from one place to another place which is farWill not be able to travel from one place to another place which is far
Help to move heavy thingsHelp to move heavy things
Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised
Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised
Construction work is made easier and can be completed fasterConstruction work is made easier and can be completed faster
Help us travel from one place to anotherHelp us travel from one place to another
1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier