MILLIMETER WAVE SYSTEMINPACKAGEMODULES
EEMELI workshop, 16.8.2010Pertti JärvensivuVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
216/08/2010
OUTLINE§ Introduction§ Antennas§ Nonlinear effects§ Analog transceiver circuits§ LTCC integration platform§ 60 GHz radio link demonstrator§ Design tools§ Measurement and testing facilities§ LTCC prototyping§ International cooperation§ Publications§ Contact information
LTCC = low temperature cofired ceramic
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INTRODUCTION§ Key techniques and technologies in low cost millimetre wave radio systems§ Frequency bands from about 60 GHz to 95 GHz§ Transceiver integration on CMOS and LTCC§ Applications
§ Very high data rate wireless local and personal area networks (WLAN/WPAN)§ Uncompressed highdefinition video and multimedia transmission§ Wireless video area networks (WVAN)§ Near field communications (NFC)§ Millimetre wave identification (MMID)§ Wireless backhaul for cellular networks§ Anticollision and handheld radars§ Traffic control and monitoring systems§ Passive millimetre wave imaging§ Environmental measurements and monitoring
CMOS = complementary metaloxide semiconductorLTCC = low temperature cofired ceramic
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ANTENNAS
Aperturecoupled microstrip patch antenna (ACMPA)arrays on embeddedcavity low temperature cofiredceramic (LTCC) substrates
§ 4×4 antenna array§ Centre frequency: 60.8 GHz§ 10 dB impedance bandwidth: 5.8 GHz§ Maximum gain: 18.2 dBi§ Backradiation: 19.2 dBi§ 3 dB beamwidth: 19.7°
Twosided cavity structure
theta (deg)theta (deg)
sim. 60 GHzmeas. 61 GHz
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20Eplane Hplane
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Gai
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sim. 60 GHzmeas. 61 GHz
theta (deg)theta (deg)
sim. 60 GHzmeas. 61 GHz
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Gain patterns for 4×4 array with large embeddedcavity and Wilkinson feed network
a) Radiating patches, b) reactive feed network,c) Wilkinson feed network
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ANTENNAS
§ 60 GHz 64element array with Wilkinson power dividers§ Simulated maximum gain 24 dBi (no feed network)§ 3 dB beamwidth about 11°§ Feed network losses about 3 dB
Simulated radiation patterns of 60 GHz64element array
25 m
m
60 GHz endfire antenna§ Size: 3×4×0.39 mm3
§ Mounted on Vconnector for radiation pattern testing
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ANTENNAS§ Dielectric lens antennas for highgain
beamsteering antenna§ Directivity 27 dBi§ Beamsteering resolution 2°§ Lens diameter 10 cm
§ In cooperation with Aalto University and Institutd’électronique et de télécommunications deRennes (IETR), France
Teflon lens for beamsteeringdemonstration at 77 GHz
Raypath illustrations from different feed elements
Raytracing simulation results demonstratingbeamsteering resolution with designed lens
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NONLINEAR EFFECTS
§ Distortions in signal constellation§ Reduced gain§ Rotation§ Blurring§ Warping
§ Distortions in antenna radiation pattern§ Reduced gain§ Error in direction of main lobe§ Increased side lobes
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Inphase Amplitude
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Warping in 16QAM signal
Array factor (upper left), 3D array factor (upper right).Distorted array factors with error in progressive phase
shift (lower left) and amplitude distortion in antennaelements (lower right).
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ANALOG TRANSCEIVER CIRCUITS
§ Prototype circuits for 60 GHz frequency band§ STMicroelectronics’90 nm CMOS process§ Oscillators, amplifiers, frequency doubler,
phase switch, Lange coupler, mixers
85283100 GHz pp fixed
9027360 GHz fixed
209027360 GHz VCO
20N.A.272.530 GHz VCO
Tuning range[MHz]
Phase noise[dBc/sqrt(Hz) @ 1 MHz]
Pin[mW]
Pout[dBm]
Ref 30 dBm Ext MixMkr1 60.85 GHz
42.01 dBmPeakLog10dB/
W1S2S3 FCA AA
Center 60.85 GHz#Res BW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz
Span 5 GHzSweep 644.2 ms (401 pts)
1
Center60.85000000 GHz
Measured spectrum of 60 GHz oscillator
Measured performance of designed oscillatorsPhotograph of 60 GHz oscillator
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ANALOG TRANSCEIVER CIRCUITS§ Frequency doubler from 30 GHz to 60 GHz§ Size: 1.0 mm × 0.7 mm§ Conversion loss: 7 dB§ Output power: 4.2 dBm (sat.)§ Frequency range: from 57 GHz to 64 GHz§ Fundamental suppression: 11 dB
Conversion loss and fundamental suppression Conversion loss with 0 dBm input power
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ANALOG TRANSCEIVER CIRCUITS§ Resistive downconversion mixer§ Mixer core§ Buffer amplifier§ Marchand balun
§ Size: 0.2 mm × 0.25 mm§ Differential conversion gain: 9.8 dB§ IF bandwidth: 400 MHz
Measured (blue) and simulated (green) conversion gain Measured input match of LO and RF ports
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ANALOG TRANSCEIVER CIRCUITS§ Low noise amplifier (LNA)§ Gain: 16.0 dB§ Noise figure: from 6.5 to 7.5 dB§ Frequency band: from 52 GHz to 72 GHz§ Supply voltage: 1 V§ Power consumption: 70 mW
Measured (blue) and simulated (red) gain Measured (blue) and simulated (red) noise figure
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ANALOG TRANSCEIVER CIRCUITS
§ Medium power amplifier (MPA)§ Gain: 9.1 dB§ Noise figure: from 5.5 to 6.0 dB§ Frequency band: from 60 GHz to 66 GHz§ Output power: 9.5 dBm (sat.)§ Power consumption: 70 mW
Measured (blue) and simulated (red) gain Measured input/output power relationship
1316/08/2010
LTCC INTEGRATION PLATFORM
§ LTCC substrate technology for antenna modules§ Integrated antenna elements§ Flipchip assembly of MMIC devices using Au bumps§ BGA mounting on printed circuit board
LTCC = low temperature cofired ceramicMMIC = millimetre wave integrated circuitBGA = ball grid array
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60 GHz RADIO LINK DEMONSTRATOR§ Low temperature cofired ceramic
(LTCC) platform§ Compact size§ Flipchip technology§ Integrated antennas
§ In cooperation with Aalto University
LO = local oscillatorPA = power amplifierECDL = Electronics circuit design laboratoryOCP = output compression point
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DESIGN TOOLS§ Circuit and system design§ Mentor Graphics Design environment§ IC, DA, ADVance MS (ELDO/Modelsim), VHDL§ Calibre DRC & LVS, PEX
§ Cadence Design environment§ Layout, schematic, DRC, LVS
§ AWR APLAC and Microwave Office, Visual System Simulator§ Agilent ADS and Genesys§ Smartspice, Utmost§ MATLAB/Simulink
§ Electromagnetic simulators§ IE3D§ XFDTD§ Ansoft HFSS§ Sonnet
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MEASUREMENT AND TESTING FACILITIES
On wafer testing§ Sparameters: 0110 GHz, 140220 GHz, 220325 GHz§ Noise parameters: 50110 GHz§ Noise figure: 0110GHz, 140220 GHz, up to 300 GHz§ Cryogenic Sparameters and NF: 0110 GHz (Tamb>20K)
Other testing capabilities§ Sparameters (narrow band) up to 700 GHz§ Spectrum analysis up to 325 GHz§ Power measurements up to 1000 GHz§ Antenna testing: 17 m anechoic chamber (40 GHz),
compact range up to 650 GHz
1716/08/2010
LTCC PROTOTYPING§ High quality equipment§ USHIO MP8200 punching machine§ Baccini printer with auto visual alignment§ PTC isostatic laminator§ PTC manual lab cutter 8”× 8”§ Sierratherm firing furnace§ Disco dicing machine§ Lumonics Laser
§ Multipanel format 114 mm × 114 mm§ Lower cost format 50 mm × 50 mm§ Several material systems§ Prototyping cycle typically 24 weeks§ Minimum 100 m vias, 100 m lines (photo imaged 50 m lines )§ Contacts to material suppliers and LTCC mass producers
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INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
§ Aalto University, Finland§ Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC), USA§ STMicroelectronics, France§ Institut d’électronique et de télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), France§ University of Nice Sofia Antipolis (UNSA), France§ Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systèmes Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique (LAASCNRS ), France
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PUBLICATIONS
§ A. Lamminen, J. Säily, and A. Vimpari, “Design and processing of 60 GHz antennas on low temperaturecofired ceramic (LTCC) substrates,”in Proc. 4th ESA Workshop on MillimetreWave Technology andApplications, Espoo, Finland, February 1517, 2006, pp. 43–48.
§ A. Vimpari, A. Lamminen, and J. Säily, “Design and measurements of 60 GHz probefed patch antennason lowtemperature cofired ceramic substrates,”in Proc. 36th European Microwave Conf., Manchester,UK, September 1015, 2006, pp. 854–857.
§ T. Karttaavi and J. Holmberg, “100 GHz pushpush oscillator in 90 nm CMOS technology,”in Proc.European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC 2007), Munich, Germany, October 810,2007, pp. 112–114.
§ M. Kantanen, J. Holmberg, T. Karttaavi, and J. Volotinen, “60 GHz frequency conversion 90 nm CMOScircuits,”in Proc. 3rd European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC 2008), Amsterdam,The Netherlands, October 2728, 2008, pp. 60–63.
§ A. Mämmelä, M. Kiviranta, and H. Paaso, “Nonlinear phenomena in beamforming”(invited paper), inProc. XXIX URSI General Assembly 2008. [Online]. Available: http://cnfrs.instituttelecom.fr/pages/pages_ursi/URSIGA08/papers/C03p7.pdf
§ A. E. I. Lamminen, J. Säily, and A. R. Vimpari, “60 GHz patch antennas and arrays on LTCC withembeddedcavity substrates,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, pp. 2865–2874,September 2008.
§ T. Karttaavi, M. Kiviranta, A. Lamminen, A. Mämmelä, J. Säily, A. Vimpari, and P. Järvensivu, “Antennaand assembly techniques for costeffective millimeterwave radios,”in ShortRange WirelessCommunications–Emerging Technologies and Applications, R. Kraemer and M. Katz, Eds. Chichester:John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
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PUBLICATIONS
§ A. Lamminen, J. Säily, R. Sauleau, and Ngoc Tinh Nguyen, “Beamswitching lens antenna at 60 GHzfor gigabit data rate wireless indoor connections,”in Proc. 5th ESA Workshop on Millimetre WaveTechnology and Applications & 31st ESA Antenna Workshop, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands,May 1820, 2009.
§ A. E. I. Lamminen, A. R. Vimpari, and J. Säily, “UCEBG on LTCC for 60GHz frequency band antennaapplications,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, pp. 2904–2912, October 2009.
§ M. Kiviranta, A. Mämmelä, H. Paaso, M. Höyhtyä, and I. Moilanen, ”Digital signal design and nonlineardistortions in antenna array beamforming,”in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference (WCNC 2009), Budapest, Hungary, April 58, 2009.
§ M. Kantanen, T. Karttaavi, J. Holmberg, and J. Volotinen, “60 GHz receiver circuits using 90 nmCMOS,”in Proc. 5th ESA Workshop on Millimetre Wave Technology and Applications & 31st ESAAntenna Workshop, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, May 1820, 2009.
§ A. Lamminen and J. Säily, “Wideband millimetre wave endfire antenna and array for wireless shortrange applications,”in Proc. European Conference on Antennas and Propagation 2010 (EuCAP 2010),Barcelona, April 1216, 2010.
§ J. AlaLaurinaho, A. Karttunen, J. Säily, A. Lamminen, R. Sauleau, and A. V. Räisänen, “Mm wave lensantenna with an integrated LTCC feed array for beam steering,”in Proc. European Conference onAntennas and Propagation 2010 (EuCAP 2010), Barcelona, April 1216, 2010.
§ A. Lamminen and J. Säily, ”77 GHz beamswitching highgain endfire antenna on LTCC,”submitted to20th International Conference on Applied Electronics and Communications (ICECom 2010), Dubrovnik,Croatia, September 2023, 2010.
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CONTACT INFORMATION
§ Pertti Järvensivu, Project ManagerTeam Manager, Communication Platforms§ Mail address: VTT, P.O. Box 106, FI20521 Turku§ Visiting address: Itäinen pitkäkatu 4 C, Turku§ Email: [email protected]§ Telephone: +358 20 722 2350
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