Metal Forming & Machining
MF C314
Classification of forming processesAccording to similarities in equipment, tooling, method of working, type of energy sources:
1. Rolling processes2. Forging processes3. Drawing processes3. Drawing processes4. Extrusion processes5. Sheet metal forming processes6. High energy rate forming processes
Compressive Forming Rolling
Longitudinal rollingTransverse rollingAxial rollingRoll forgingRoll forgingDie rolling
ForgingOpen die forging Impression die forgingClosed die forgingUpset forgingRotary forging
ExtrusionDirect extrusion Indirect extrusionHydrostatic extrusionContinuous extrusion
Indenting Indenting Coining
Combined Tensile & Compressive Forming Wire drawing Tube drawing Deep drawing
Tensile Forming Stretch Forming Expanding (Bulging)
Forming by bending V-bending U-bending Roll bending Roller straightening Pipe bending
Forming by shearing
Shear forming Embossing Twist forming
High energy rate forming Explosive forming Electro-hydraulic forming Magnetic pulse forming Petro-forging Drop hammer and Dynapak
Newer forming processes Forming in Mashy state Forming by Laser beam/plasma arc Die-less forming of sheet metal
General advantages of forming Homogenized structure, better mechanical
properties. Reduction of voids No loss of materials In hot forming, low strength and higher ductility is In hot forming, low strength and higher ductility is
achieved. Material gets directional properties and can take high
loads across the fibers. In cold forming, strain hardening improves
mechanical properties. In cold forming, high surface finish and very close
tolerance is obtained.
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