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Methods of Data Collection for
Research
byDr. T. R. BorseUniversity Librarian
Central Library,
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon
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Methods of Data Collection for Research
Introduction Data
Primary
Secondary
InformationEmpirical Practice Experience
Conceptual
Historical
Knowledge Result oriented informationTacit
Explicit
Data
Knowledge
Information
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Methods of Data Collection
The Following Methods of Data Collection are
A) Questionnaire Method
B) Interview Method
C) Observation Method
D) Other Documentary Sources for Data Collection
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A) Questionnaire Method Consists of No. of Questions
Used by researchers
Used by Govt. organization
Used by private big organizations
Questionnaire always being mailedfor large area
Questionnaire also being filled in at interview
Aspects of Questionnaire Structured Questions to have control
Yes or No Platform for answer
Extensive Questionnaire = Questions and sub-questions
Sequence of Questions
Wording of Questions understandable
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Features of Good Questionnaire
Simple
Concrete in asking
Understandable
Period of asked information minimum
Multiple choice questions
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Merits and Demerits of Questionnaire
A) MeritsCost effective
Free from bias of interview
Response is possible
Free environment for filling
B) DemeritsReluctancy
Time consuming from Respondent
Only educated person answers
Delay in receiving
Mortality
No guarantee respondent is representative
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B) Interview Method
a) Aspects of Interview
Verbal information
Reply for asked Questions
Personal information
Schedule for interview
b) Types of InterviewStructured Questions
Non-structured Questions its a skill of interviewer
Focused Interview Particular information
Telephonic interview
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Merits and Demerits of Interview
a) Merits of InterviewDeep information is obtained
Empirical information is elicited
Flexible for information
Responsive
Interviewer controls the situation while asking Interviewer can observe reactions
Additional information is possible
b) Demerits of Interview
Expensive No cost effectiveReluctancy of interviewee
Biased and false information may lead
High level persons are not easily interviewed-Time consuming
Proper rapport is required before interview
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C) Observation MethodAspects of Observation Method
Useful for behavioral studies
Depends on investigators direction
Information about currently happenings
Method relates with attitudes-being observed and observer
Types of observation
Structured/Controlled conditions observationUnstructured /Uncontrolled observation - observation of Natural
conditions
Participative observation
Non-Participative observation
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C) Observation Method.
Requirements for observations Categorization of thing/lives being observed
Detailed field notes
Photographs- to have more impressions
Recordings- if voice/sound heard/observed
Use of sociometric scales-if necessary
Characteristics / Features of observation Physical and mental activity
Selective in nature
Purposive activity
Eventual data collection
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Merits and Demerits of observation
a) Merits of observationDirect study of events/behavior
Description is possible of observed phenomena
Best for social/behavioral sciences
Easy to conduct the observations
b) Demerits of observation
No use for past events happenedNo use for opinions and attitudes inner mind
No use for the researchers convenience for behavioral research
Long distance field observation leads cost to attend
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D) Other Documentary Sources for Data Collection
Publications- Reports, Articles, Books, Directories, Almanacs,
Encyclopedias, Diaries
Brochures:
Manuals:
Pamphlets:
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