%N. FOOD ,I.".ORICULEURE
F ,
r UNITFE
Soil Mapping and Advisory Services
Botswana
METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
MANUAL
I
AG : BOT/85/011
FIELD DOCUMENT 19
o,tat. ttitttt't ixt,¡ .72 tv ca theUnNt., Li one C)ctve.1 opn'tf:$3,tP kit .730t FtWatIFJ
AC, OT/ 85 ;' 1 1
F? e ;;ft Docament
Soil Mapping and Advisory
Botswana
','.ethodti tihki 77-00 EQ174-1M,t Lee r o %L
Manual
by
Nations
CONTENTS
1 1PTRODUC,TION1 3o± L- and
2 METHODS1 Ir LLLraLii (The 0ou:olo
th,:x
2,i,i ifl L rcs.J.ict
2.1.2 ETL:loment2.1.3 Procedure2,.4 Data CompaLatLou2.1.5 Exampl,.7: .....,ulk dens (core meth:y_1)2,2.1 Intiioduction2 ').2 Equipment.2,2.3 Procedure2.2.4 Data computation2.2.5 Bulk density of verti.,.
' 3 Soil moisture characteristics ,.
2.3.1 Introduction2.3.2 Equipment ..
2.3,3 Procedure2,3,4 Data Computation2_1.5
2.4 Structur 1 stability index2.4.1 introduction2.4.2 Equipment
Procedure2.4,4 Data Computation2.4,5 Example ,.
2. Hydraulic Conductivity(Inversed auger hole method)2.5.1 Introduction .
2.5.2 Equipment ..2.5.3 Procedure ....2.5.4 Data Computation
24
..91111
9, 0 1
LIST OF TABLES
Table No Page
Measured and derived soil physical
2 Results of moisture rententionmeasurement ..............................................2
3 Results of structural stabilityindexmeasurements .......................................3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Page
1 Double ring infiltrometer set up to measureinfiltration characteristics of soil .....................5
2 Logarithm plot accumulated intake versuselapsed time of an infiltration test .....................10
3 Ponding arrangement for wetting 3 horizonsof a soil profile for taking undisturbed
4 Moisture rentention curves ...............................205 Haines apparatus set up for the measurement
of structural stability index ............................236 Moisture release curves for slow and
fast wetted soil samples in structuralstability index measurements .............................25
7 Schematic representation of the set up formeasuring saturated hydraulic conductivityof soil by the inversed auger hole method ................29
METHODS FOR THE SUIU i NT OF P'st EICAL PROPER7I7 SOILS
I. INTRODUCTION
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Soils and Site Selection
The selection of a soil profile for characterization i on the infor-;it'll !on cul soil sot -000anL Inap-pint.; r"000ha r 1-,eoo orLO.ei, to-Tv pi iT, ; t »tJ' t ì.' 117 LfaDOi t
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2. METHODS
2.1 INFILTRATION (The double ring infiltrometer method)
2.1.1 Introduction
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Figure 1
:Double ring infiltrometer set up to measure infiltration
characteristics of soil
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< 0.1 (5)
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he method
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SOIL MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS
2.3.1 Introduction
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14
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Figure 3
: Ponding arrangement for wetting 3 horizons of a soil profile for taking
undisturbed core samples
4
Example
L,.. movLagun()
often observed that c.ot* samplesT,'etat. LL ror t u a tt-,1V
a r1=Otia/,'-
)rnputation
LO
her remo,
aa cm_
bas:
PF
3.. 37 gicc.
0
Table 2
Resu of moisture retention me reinent
file No 0901 - Molepolole
on1,131.3 yl
. 3'76
349
-e r,í'd ter W i LI. drain from the soi and t-he but s urt- hert1.1
, Lit LI !..; 1. I `.." 11 t.11 L Wtt ots :
11il. 01'110 r t'"11,1i.Put,it0 u1V .111 t h, o LT),Iu`11 0W+.1 ` k. I I.t t T5tp LW 1',)1° 1 .1 XIII 111 )
I t t'11 ''.! t ht t 1 r 111, 1t4trik Cci "11,,St " t-'11,'1uP 1., 1 :11,1 rit 1.'10 , 1 ' t'u tu..";
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Data Computa
.)1
1;1
.1 5
. . I I
1,,
00' C1 :1111'111' I 10
24
I
t. I
thirE struc urati ity
Table 3
Results of structural stability index measuremer
26
given by PAR and similarly for the fast wetted curve,
2.5 4 C CONDUCTIVITY Unversed auger hole methodl
2.5.1 Introduction
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2.5.2 Equipment
4;1 at.112,^;'1 7 a -
L.2 17 ttl,' ,ole
t) 1,7r n,r,00r ) . g . a
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2.5 Procedures
Bore c 7,(,7.v-.7.,,1 nriit rrrn
Crn0 t ° rátL' ' t" ' I ,
c. ht3 " r "
,..'C'111 1 ")el :kt.7:1 r ' ,`,1.`,W' L[1. ,C
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' r ,"' cu. t
int:_i Élr(; 0,11 1,
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27
Pow f7hr o aFla th(... pl a s t 1,..! 3 done earlier into the hole to ill the&Joni h ( i) 17,vz. -v,'bi'i, ! bt' "arth--:i '-' raulic cordne* _I vi L:,, is to hi- - -- ed .
Remove 711, till . and uf fall o:', wn t L-1-. 1,v recordin6 _ waterat su.
2.5.4 Data Computation
Tf thWs+ ` t sec., after s h
t 3 l'- 'h + r/2) + CrL
is a
n:_15
28
ity
hydraulic conductivity.
Notes on the method
1
SLSLH -"jqu.H L,12,7M4'33` 3,3n lay a -ocr, fnn 1 n
, orl laLH tHL 3f 3,1gci rrrtti. i.Hrrr
t .'
r h " ,:11? 1 v.k-r th LLÇ.S.LL cH T
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iT9"'T 1 :it ;;:07-0 iTLrmea L, ttkir'ri
\V-14114,
Water level
Figure 7t Schematic representation of - se6 f4114r measuringsaturated hydraulic -tooductiVity IVE_ soil by the uinversed auger hole method
29
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