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METABOLISME
Kelompok 3
Arin Safrini 056198
Nurul a!i!a" 05619#Si$i %a$ima" 0#60#&
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'a$()a$ kimia *an+ $er,apa$ ,alammakanan *an+ !i-a mem!en$uk !a+ian-$ruk$ur $u!u". men+"a-ilkan ener+i a$au
memperlan/ar pro-e-(pro-e- -iolo+i-,alam $u!u"
Ter,iri ,ari 2 Kar!o"i,ra$. Lemak. %ro$ein.Mineral. i$amin ,an Air
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Sua$u molekul !erener+i $in++i *an+ !ila,i"i,roli-i- !i-a melepa-kan ener+i *an+,ikan,un+n*a un$uk keperluan(keperluan
ke"i,upan %em!en$ukan AT% $er,iri ,ari Ok-i,a$if
%"o-porila-i ,an Su!-$ra$ p"o-p"orila-i
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Ok-i,a-i merupakan -ua$u reak-ika$a!oli-me *an+ meme/a" nu$rien ,anmen+"a-ilkan ener+i
4e,uk-i *ai$u penam!a"an elek$ron a$auion kepa,a -ua$u molekul
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Tera,i ,alam # $a"apan. *ai$u2
1 likoli-i-
7 ekar!ok-ila-i Ok-i,a$if
3 Siklu- Kre!-# 4an$ai Tran-por$ Elek$ron
Men+"a-ilkan O7 : 7O:ener+i
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Bila -a$u +u+u- p"o-pa$ ,ari -a$u me$a!oli$lan+-un+ ,i$ran-fer ke A% un$uk
men+"a-ilkan AT%
on$o" 2
luko-a : 7A% :%i 7 A-Lak$a$ : 7 AT%
: 70
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CH3 NAD NADH2 C=O CoAC=O + CoA
C=OCH3 CH3
C=O CO2gugus asetil
OH
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Merupakan -eran+kaian reak-i ok-i,a-ire,uk-i *an+ $era,i ,alam kri-$a ,anmen*an+ku$ per+erakan :
4eak-i 2
7:: 7< : = O7 7O : Ener+i
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Sin$e-i- $ri+li-eri,a ,i "a$i ,anSin$e-i- $ri+li-eri,a ,i "a$i ,anarin+an a,ipo-a i ke,uaarin+an a,ipo-a i ke,uaarin+an ini. ,i!en$uk +li-erol 3(arin+an ini. ,i!en$uk +li-erol 3(fo-fa$ ,ari +luko-a i "a$i.fo-fa$ ,ari +luko-a i "a$i.
+li-erol 3(fo-fa$ u+a !era-al ,ari+li-erol 3(fo-fa$ u+a !era-al ,ari+li-erol. $e$api $i,ak ,i arin+an+li-erol. $e$api $i,ak ,i arin+ana,ipo-a karena arin+an ini $i,aka,ipo-a karena arin+an ini $i,akmemiliki +li-erol kina-e 4eak-i(memiliki +li-erol kina-e 4eak-i(reak-i ,ari +li-erol 3(fo-fa$ -amareak-i ,ari +li-erol 3(fo-fa$ -ama,i ke,ua arin+an ini,i ke,ua arin+an ini AL > +u+u-AL > +u+u-
a-am lemak ?Mark- ,kk. 7000@a-am lemak ?Mark- ,kk. 7000@
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%em!en$ukan LL,ari +luko-a ,i "a$i(6(% > +luko-a 6(fo-fa$ (6(% >fruk$o-a 6(fo-fa$ (1.6(% > fruk$o-a 1.6(!ifo-fa$ AL > +u+u-a-il lemak T >
Tri+li-eri,a OAA >
Ok-alo a-e$a$?Mark- ,kk. 7000@
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?Mon$+omer* ,kk. 1993@
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Mobilisasi trigliserida (TG)Mobilisasi trigliserida (TG)
adiposa. Pada eadaa!adiposa. Pada eadaa!puasa" saat adar i!suli!puasa" saat adar i!suli!
re!da# da! gluago! ti!ggi"re!da# da! gluago! ti!ggi"
ter$adi pe!i!gata! %AMPter$adi pe!i!gata! %AMP
&a!g 'era!gsa!g (+)&a!g 'era!gsa!g (+)
protei! i!ase A. Protei!protei! i!ase A. Protei!
i!ase A 'elaua!i!ase A 'elaua!
osorilasi ter#adap lipaseosorilasi ter#adap lipasepea#or'o! (H*). H*pea#or'o! (H*). H*
&a!g 'e!gala'i osorilasi&a!g 'e!gala'i osorilasi
'e!$adi ati da!'e!$adi ati da!
'e!%etusa! pe!guraia! TG'e!%etusa! pe!guraia! TG
adiposa.adiposa. H* $uga disebutH* $uga disebut
sebagai trigliserida lipase"sebagai trigliserida lipase"
A = asa' le'a (MarsA = asa' le'a (Mars
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%en*aki$ *an+ ,i-e!a!kan ole" ka,ara-am ura$ *an+ menin++i
Menim!ulkan pen+en,apan a-am ura$
pa,a -en,i. +inal ,an arin+an lainn*a
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C Dumla" ni$ro+en ,alam urine merupakan in,ika$orumla" a-am amino *an+ ,iok-i,a-i
C Ter,iri ,ari ke-eim!an+an ni$ro+en ne+a$if ,an
po-i$if
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Sekelompok -en*aa anor+anik *an+ ,i!u$u"kan $u!u" un$ukkelan/aran pro-e- me$a!oli-me
Mineral a,a -e!an*ak #F !era$ !a,an $u!u"
Tu!u" *an+ kekuran+an mineral merupakan -ala" -a$u pen*e!a!$im!uln*a !er!a+ai ma/am kelu"an pen*aki$. mulai ,ari -aki$kepala "in++a $er+an++unn*a ke-e"a$an an$un+
Mineral $er!a+i mena,i 2
Mineral u$ama *an+ $er,iri ,ari kal-ium. fo-for. ma+ne-ium.na$rium. kalium. klori,a ,an -ulfur
Tra/e mineral. ,ian$aran*a a,ala" )a$ !e-i. -en+. man+ne-ium.ko!al$. $em!a+a. *o,ium. kromium. -elenium. nikel ,an -ilikon
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'a$()a$ or+anik *an+ ,iperlukan $u!u" ,alam umla" *an+-an+a$ ke/il
i!u$u"kan un$uk per$um!u"an ,an pemeli"araan $u!u" Tu!u" *an+ normal ,apa$ men*impan per-e,iaan ;i$amin
*an+ /ukup un$uk ak$u # G17 !ulan Terlalu !an*ak men+kon-um-i ;i$amin. maka ;i$amin *an+
laru$ ,alam air akan $er!uan+ per/uma melalui air ken/in+?urine@
Se,an+kan ;i$amin *an+ $i,ak laru$ ,alam air akan $eru-$erkumpul ,i $u!u" *an+ lama kelamaan akanmenim!ulkan efek *an+ kuran+ !aik pa,a $u!u"
i$amin $er,iri ,ari2
( Laru$ air ?i$ B1. B7. B6. ni/o$inami,e. B17. ,an i$ @( Laru$ lemak ?A. . E ,an K@
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Ke/epa$an me$a!oli-me *an+ ,iukur pa,a kea,aan
i-$ira"a$ -empurna ?-ik ,an men$al@ pa,a -u"ukamar. 17 am -e$ela" makan $erak"ir
Be-ar BM4 $er+an$un+ pa,a lua- permukaan $u!u".-eH. ,emam. kea,aan "ormon. u-ia. ke"amilan. ,an
kelaparan. iklim. per!e,aan ra-. kea,aan +i)i.pen*aki$
Kea,aan(kea,aan *an+ perlu un$uk pen+ukuran laume$a!oli-me !a-al 2
(
Kea,aan po-$a!-orp-i2 pa-ien "aru- !erpua-a un$uk17 am
( I-$ira"a$ men$al ,an -ik -e!elum $e-$ ,imulai
( Ti,ur $erlen$an+ -elama $e-$
( %a-ien -a,ar(
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Ener+i *an+ ,iperlukan !ila -e-eoran+men/ernakan. men+a!-or!-i ,an men$ran-por$nu$rien ,alam $u!u"
Ener+i un$uk -pe/i/ ,*nami/ a/$ion a,ala" 10F?BM4:ak$i;i$a- -ik@
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alam kea,aan -e"a$ -u"u $u!u" manu-ia
,iper$a"ankan an$ara 36.5o(3&o ara $u!u"men+eluarkan pana-. *ai$u2
14a,ia-i
7Kon;ek-i
3Kon,uk-i
#%en+uapan
%u-a$ kon$rol -u"u $u!u" !era,a ,i "*po$"alamu-
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ea$ EH"au$ion ,i$an,ai ,en+an ,en*u$ an$un+melema". kuli$ !a-a". pu/a$ ,an $ekanan ,ara"$urun ?-"o/k "*ro;olemia@
ea$ S$roke ,i$an,ai ,en+an -e,iki$ !erkerin+a$.-u"u $u!u" menin+ka$. ,en*u$ an$un+ /epa$.fun+-i o$ak $er+an++u. -aki$ kepala ,an pu-in+(
pu-in+
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1 Bera$ Ba,an I,eal ?BBI@ !a*i ?anak 0(17 !ulan@BBI > ?umur ?!ln@ J 7 @ : #
7 BBI un$uk anak ?1(10 $a"un@BBI > ?umur ?$"n@ H 7 @ : 8
3 4emaa ,an ,ea-aBBI > ?TB ( 100@ ( ?TB ( 100@ H 10F
a$auBBI > ?TB ( 100@ H 90F
Ke$2TB > Tin++i !a,an ?/m@
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Mi-aln*a pa,a pa-ien a-/i$e- a$au eu,emeana-arka
TB !er,a-arkan Tin++i Lu$u$ ?TL@TB %ria > 6.50 : ?1.38 : TL@ ( ?0.08 H @TB ani$a > 89.68 : ?1.53 H TL@ ( ?0.1& H @
TB !er,a-arkan 4en$an+ Len+an ?4L@TB %ria > 118.7# : ?0.78 H 4L@ ( 0.0& H @TB ani$a > 63.18 : ?0.63 H 4L@ ( 0.1& H @
ke$2
> mur ?$a"un@
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-ND/* MA*A T010H-ND/* MA*A T010H /ATGO-/ATGO-
18.5 18.5 Bera$ !a,an kuran+Bera$ !a,an kuran+
18.5 ( 7#.918.5 ( 7#.9 Bera$ !a,an normalBera$ !a,an normal
75 ( 79.975 ( 79.9 Bera$ !a,an le!i"Bera$ !a,an le!i"
30 ( 3#.930 ( 3#.9 O!e-i$a- IO!e-i$a- I
35 ( 39.935 ( 39.9 O!e-i$a- IIO!e-i$a- II
P 39.9P 39.9 San+a$ o!e-i$a-San+a$ o!e-i$a-
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Bera$ !a,an ?K+@In,ek- Ma-a Tu!u" > RRRRRRG
Tin++i Ba,an ?m7@
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O;erei+"$ merupakan kele!i"an !era$ !a,an,en+an IMT an$ara 75 G 30
Tin++i !a,an !i-a mempen+aru"i ,ari apaka"oran+ $er-e!u$ o;erei+"$ a$au o!e-i$a-
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O!e-i$a- merupakan kele!i"an !era$ !a,an *an+ ,iaki!a$kan ole"
penumpukan lemak ,alam $u!u"
ak$or ,ari o!e-i$a-. *ai$u2 ene$ik 2 $urunan
Lin+kun+an 2 pola "i,up ,an pola makan
Kuran+ ola"ra+a
Aki!a$ ,ari men*epelekan O!e-i$a- 2 an++uan pem!ulu" ,ara" ((((( pen*aki$ an$un+
+an++uan -aluran pernapa-an ((((( "en$i napa- -aa$ $i,ur ((((( +a+alan$un+
an++uan in-ulin ((((( ,ia!e$e-
me$a!oli-me lemak ((((( LL $in++i ((((( an$un+
koroner
Deni- o!e-i$a- 2
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Deni- o!e-i$a- 2 o!e-i$a- rin+an ?kele!i"an !era$ !a,an 70(#0F@ o!e-i$a- -e,an+ ?kele!i"an !era$ !a,an #1(100F@ o!e-i$a- !era$ ?kele!i"an !era$ !a,an P100F@
ara men+a$a-i O!e-i$a- 2A. Ta!pa obat (!o! ar'aologis)
Mo,ika-i +a*a "i,up1 ie$2
( 4en,a" kalori2 1000(1500 kal ( San+a$ ren,a" kalori2 #00 ( 500 kal ( 4en,a" lemak2 1700 ( 7300 kal. 70 ( 30F lemak7 Ak$i;i$a- -ik ( Aero!ik3 Kom!ina-i ak$i;i$a- -ik ,an ,ie$# Terapi perilaku
B en+an o!a$ ?farmako$erapi@
ilakukan !ila2( In,ek- Ma-a Tu!u" P 30( In,ek- Ma-a Tu!u" P 7& ,i-er$ai fak$or ri-iko2 iper$en-i. M$ipe 7. %en*aki$ Dan$un+ Koroner( Ter,apa$ pen*aki$ lain -eper$i2 Sleep apnea. o-$eoar$"ri$i-
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Ka-"iorkor merupakan -ua$u i-$ila" un$ukmen*e!u$kan +an++uan +i)i aki!a$ kekuran+anpor$ein
Tan,a *an+ k"a- a,ala" a,an*a e,ema ?!en+kak@pa,a -eluru" $u!u" -e"in++a oran+ *an+men,eri$a akan $ampak +emuk. $eru$ama pa,a!a+ian aa" %eru$ *an+ mem!e-ar u+a -erin+,i$emukan aki!a$ ,ari $im!unan /airan pa,a
ron++a peru$ -e"in++a memun/ulkan i-$ila"!u-un+ lapar
T d t d / #i
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Ta!data!da /as#ioror2
1 E,ema umumn*a ,i -eluru" $u!u" $eru$ama pa,a kaki
( dorsum pedis )7 aa" mem!ula$ ,an -em!a!
3 O$o$(o$o$ men+e/il. le!i" n*a$a apa!ila ,iperik-a pa,apo-i-i !er,iri ,an ,u,uk. anak !er!arin+ $eru-meneru-
# %eru!a"an -$a$u- men$al 2 /en+en+. reel ka,an+apa$i-
5 Anak -erin+ menolak -e+ala eni- makanan ? anorek-ia @
6 %em!e-aran "a$i
& Serin+ ,i-er$ai infek-i. anemia ,an ,iare J men/re$
8 4am!u$ !erarna ku-am ,an mu,a" ,i/a!u$
9 an++uan kuli$ !erupa !er/ak mera" *an+ melua- ,an!eru!a" mena,i "i$am $erkelupa- ( crazy
pavement dermatosis ).
10 %an,an+an ma$a anak nampak -a*u
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Ta!data!da Maras'us2
1 Anak $ampak -an+a$ kuru-. $in++al $ulan$er!un+ku- kuli$
7 aa" -eper$i oran+$ua3 en+en+. reel# %eru$ /ekun+5 Kuli$ keripu$. arin+an lemak -u!ku$i- -an+a$
-e,iki$ -ampai $i,ak a,a6 Serin+ ,i-er$ai ,iare kronik a$au kon-$ipa-i J -u-a"
!uan+ air. -er$a pen*aki$ kronik& Tekanan ,ara". ,e$ak an$un+ ,an pernafa-an
!erkuran+
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%enumpukan pana- *an+ !erle!i"an ,i,alam !a,an
Su"u lin+kun+an le!i" $in++i ,ari -u"u
$u!u". ,en+an kelem!a!an u,araren,a". maka pen+uapan kerin+a$ -an+a$!e-ar. ,iiku$i $im!uln*a pana- $u!u"
Oran+ $erlalu lela" a$au $erkena -inar
ma$a"ari -e/ara lan+-un+