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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSFor the FIRST CIRCUIT
No. ____
__________________________________
BRIAN J. PEIXOTO
vs.
MICHAEL A. THOMPSON, Suer!"te"#e"t o$ theM%ss%&husetts Corre&t!o"%' I"st!tut!o" %t Co"&or#
________________________________
MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION FOR LEAVE
TO FILE A SECOND OR SUCCESSIVE HABEAS PETITION PURSUANT
TO 28 U.S.C. 2244(b) BY A PRISONER IN STATE CUSTODY
Pre!"!#$r% S&$&e"e#&
Pet!t!o"er, Br!%" J. Pe!(oto )*Pe!(oto+, su-!ts th!s
Meor%"#u o$ L%/ !" suort o$ h!s %&&o%"0!"1 Mot!o" $or
Le%ve to F!'e % Se&o"# or Su&&ess!ve H%-e%s Pet!t!o"
Pursu%"t to 23 U.S.C. 4 2255)- -0 % Pr!so"er !" St%te
Custo#0. U"#er 23 U.S.C. 4 2255)-6
7A8 &'%! rese"te# !" % se&o"# or su&&ess!ve h%-e%s&orus %'!&%t!o" u"#er 723 U.S.C.8 se&t!o" 2295 th%t/%s "ot rese"te# !" % r!or %'!&%t!o" sh%'' -e#!s!sse# u"'ess:
)A the %'!&%"t sho/s th%t the &'%!re'!es o" % "e/ ru'e o$ &o"st!tut!o"%' '%/,%#e retro%&t!ve to &%ses o" &o''%ter%'
rev!e/ -0 the Suree Court, th%t /%srev!ous'0 u"%v%!'%-'e; or
)B )! the $%&tu%' re#!&%te $or the &'%!&ou'# "ot h%ve -ee" #!s&overe# rev!ous'0throu1h the e(er&!se o$ #ue #!'!1e"&e; %"#
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)!! the $%&ts u"#er'0!"1 the &'%!, !$rove" %"# v!e/e# !" '!1ht o$ the ev!#e"&e %s% /ho'e, /ou'# -e su$$!&!e"t to est%-'!sh -0&'e%r %"# &o"v!"&!"1 ev!#e"&e th%t, -ut $or&o"st!tut!o"%' error, "o re%so"%-'e
$%&t$!"#er /ou'# h%ve $ou"# the %'!&%"t1u!'t0 o$ the u"#er'0!"1 o$$e"se.
As ore $u''0 set $orth !" the %&&o%"0!"1 ot!o"
%ers, Mr. Pe!(oto /%s &o"v!&te# o" M%r&h >
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&h!e$ %tho'o1!st %t %"#er-!'t U"!vers!t0, %"# Dr. %"e0
Su!er, % "euro%tho'o1!st o$ O($or# U"!vers!t0, th%t the
0ou"1 &h!'#@s ser!ous !"ur!es /ere &%use# -0 h!s $%''!"1
#o/" % st%!r&%se /h!'e !" the so'e &%re o$ h!s other, A!
S"ee#, te" )= #%0s -e$ore h!s u't!%te #e%th, %"# th%t
th!s $%'' /%s %sso&!%te# /!th % $r%&ture o$ h!s &'%v!&'e %"#
the ser!ous $r%&ture to h!s sGu'' %"# -'ee#!"1 !"s!#e the
he%#. Be&%use he surv!ve# the $%'', the &h!'# '!ve# $or =
#%0s e(er!e"&!"1 %"# e(h!-!t!"1 ser!ous "euro'o1!&%'
ro-'es, !"&'u#!"1 the &h!'#@s -e!"1 */o--'0,+ $%''!"1, %"#
stu-'!"1 o" ree%te# o&&%s!o"s, s0tos /h!&h %re
!"#!&%t!ve o$ ro1ress!ve su-#ur%' he%to%s o&&urr!"1 %$ter
the $%'' th%t the" su-seue"t'0 &%use# the #e%th o$ the
&h!'#.
Neverthe'ess, the st%te &ourt #e"!e# Pe!(oto@s "e/
tr!%' ot!o" -0 De&!s!o" #%te# J%"u%r0 , 2= )&o0 o$
#e&!s!o" %""e(e# %s E(. *B+ !" the %&&o%"0!"1 Ae"#!(.
A et!t!o" $or 'e%ve to %e%' to % S!"1'e Just!&e o$
the Suree Ju#!&!%' Court /%s #e"!e# -0 De&!s!o" e"tere#
Au1ust 2
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I"#ee#, "o #e$e"se e(ert /%s &%''e# %s % /!t"ess %t
Pe!(oto@s tr!%' to test!$0 &o"&er"!"1 &%use o$ #e%th.
Nor /ere the L%os%t% "or Su!er A$$!#%v!ts, "or %"0
!"$or%t!o" '!Ge !t, su-!tte# !" suort o$ Pe!(oto@s r!or
Pet!t!o" $or r!t o$ H%-e%s Corus, /h!&h %sserte#
!"e$$e&t!ve %ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se' o"'0 %s to 'e1%' o!"ts,
/h!&h Pet!t!o" /%s #!s!sse# %s u"t!e'0 u"#er AEDPA@s o"e:
0e%r st%tute o$ '!!t%t!o"s.
As ore $u''0 set $orth here!" %"# !" the %&&o%"0!"1
Pe!(oto A$$!#%v!t, !t /%s "ot u"t!' re&e"t'0 th%t Pe!(oto
'e%r"e#, /h!'e v!e/!"1 % Fro"t'!"e ro1r% &%''e# *The Ch!'#
C%ses+ !"vo'v!"1 Dr. L%os%t%, th%t &%use o$ #e%th o$ the
%''e1e# v!&t! %0 h%ve -ee" $ro !"ur!es sust%!"e# !" %
$%'' #o/" the st%!rs = #%0s -e$ore /h!'e !" !" the so'e
&%re o$ h!s other. There%$ter, Pe!(oto #!'!1e"t'0 ursue#
&o"t%&t!"1 Dr. L%os%t% %"# other e#!&%' e(erts, %s /e''
%s the M%ss%&husetts Co!ttee $or Pu-'!& Cou"se' Serv!&es
)*CPCS+ I""o&e"&e Pro1r% to o-t%!" &ou"se', !" or#er to
o-t%!" %"# rese"t su&h !"$or%t!o" to the Court. O"&e su&h
ev!#e"&e /%s o-t%!"e#, Pe!(oto rot'0 $!'e# % st%te &ourt
ot!o" $or "e/ tr!%' %ssert!"1 !t.
A&&or#!"1'0, %"# %s ore $u''0 set $orth here!" %"# !"
the %&&o%"0!"1 ot!o" %ers, the $%&tu%' re#!&%te $or
Pe!(oto@s &'%! &ou'# "ot h%ve -ee" #!s&overe# -0 h!
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rev!ous'0 throu1h the e(er&!se o$ #ue #!'!1e"&e, ese&!%''0
s!"&e he rev!ous'0 h%# -ee" #er!ve# o$ the e$$e&t!ve
%ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se' %"#or h%# "o &ou"se' rerese"t!"1 h!
%t %''. Further, the $%&ts u"#er'0!"1 Pe!(oto@s &'%!, !$
rove" %"# v!e/e# !" '!1ht o$ the ev!#e"&e %s % /ho'e, /ou'#
-e su$$!&!e"t to est%-'!sh -0 &'e%r %"# &o"v!"&!"1 ev!#e"&e
th%t, -ut $or &o"st!tut!o"%' error, "o re%so"%-'e $%&t$!"#er
/ou'# h%ve $ou"# the %'!&%"t 1u!'t0 o$ the u"#er'0!"1
o$$e"se.
A'ter"%t!ve'0, %"# %s to %"0 oss!-'e ro&e#ur%' -%r to
ro&ee#!"1, Pe!(oto %sserts here!" th%t he !s %&tu%''0
!""o&e"t o$ the &r!e &h%r1e# %"# % !s&%rr!%1e o$ ust!&e
/ou'# resu't !$ h!s &o"v!&t!o" !s er!tte# to st%"#,
re'0!"1 uo" the A$$!#%v!ts o$ L%os%t% %"# Su!er !"
suort o$ the "e/ tr!%' ot!o", est%-'!sh!"1 th%t &%use o$
#e%th /%s $ro !"ur!es sust%!"e# -0 the v!&t! !" h!s $%''
#o/" the st%!rs = #%0s -e$ore h!s #e%th )&o!es o$ the
L%os%t% %"# Su!er A$$!#%v!ts %re %""e(e# %s E(s. *2+ %"#
*+ to the Mot!o".
T/o ore &orro-or%t!"1 e(ert %$$!#%v!ts %re %'so
su-!tte# !" suort o$ Pe!(oto@s 1%te/%0 &'%! o$ %&tu%'
!""o&e"&e6 )! Dr. ho"1(ue Hu%, % $ore"s!& %tho'o1!st %"#
"euro%tho'o1!&%' &o"su't%"t, /ho !"#!&%tes th%t the
v!&t!@s ser!ous sGu'' $r%&ture /ou'# "ot "e&ess%r!'0 h%ve
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Tr!%' &oe"&e# -e$ore % ur0 !" the T%u"to" Suer!or
Court, He'0, J., o" M%r&h , =>>
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!"ur0 /%s "ot surv!v%-'e. SeeMot!o" $or Ne/ Tr!%' 9,
E(. *A+.
Pe!(oto vehee"t'0 #e"!e# %"0 &u'%-!'!t0 %t tr!%',
test!$0!"1 !" h!s o/" #e$e"se, %"# eh%s!!"1 A! S"ee#@s
%"0 v%r0!"1 st%tee"ts, !"&'u#!"1 to he%'th serv!&e
rov!#ers %"# o'!&e. SeeMot!o" $or Ne/ Tr!%' ?, E(.
*A+.= As /e'', test!o"0 /%s rese"te# th%t the &h!'#
&o"&e#e#'0 $e'' #o/" the st%!rs soe = #%0s -e$ore h!s
#e%th /h!'e !" h!s other@s so'e &%re, str!G!"1 h!s he%# %"#
-re%G!"1 h!s &'%v!&'e, %"# resu't!"1 !" e"su!"1 !"st%"&es o$
-e!"1 */o--'0+, stu-'!"1, $%''!"1, %"#, %&&or#!"1 to S"ee#,
"ot *-e!"1 h!se'$+. I"#ee#, -e&%use o$ these ers!ste"t
s0tos, S"ee# test!$!e# th%t she &%''e# the &h!'#@s
e#!%tr!&!%", /ho 1%ve Chr!stoher %" %o!"te"t to -e see"
o" the #%0 he #!e#, -ut he /%s "ever t%Ge" to h!s
%o!"te"t -0 h!s other. As /e'', Mr. Pe!(oto test!$!e#
1For e(%'e, &o"tr%r0 to S"ee#@s tr!%' test!o"0 th%t shehe%r# 'ou# -%"1s %"# /e"t #o/" to the -%see"t /here she s%/Pe!(oto over the &h!'#, Dr. A&ur!, the %tte"#!"1 eer1e"&0roo h0s!&!%", test!$!e# th%t S"ee# to'# her th%t, *she%rr!ve# to $!"# the &h!'#, uote, -%"1!"1 h!s he%# o" the$'oor %"# vo!t!"1+ )Tr!%' Tr%"s&r!t o'. III, . 2.A'so, St%te Po'!&e S1t. ev!" But'er test!$!e# th%t S"ee#to'# h! th%t bothshe %"# Pe!(oto */e"t !e#!%te'0 #o/" tothe -%see"t+ 7/here the &h!'# /%s8)Tr!%' o'. I, . =.Re1%r#!"1 -ru!s!"1, J%"et Sou%, % #%0 &%re &e"tersuerv!sor /ho soGe to S"ee#, test!$!e# th%t S"ee# %ss!1"e#%"0 o$ the -ru!ses %-out Chr!stoher@s -o#0 to the t!e o$the st%!r/%0 $%'' %"# -roGe" &o''%r-o"e )Tr!%' Tr%"s&r!t,o'. III, . 2?9, 2
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th%t the &h!'# /%s vo!t!"1 %"# &o"vu's!"1 !e#!%te'0 r!or
to -e!"1 t%Ge" to the hos!t%' /here he /%s ro"ou"&e# #e%#.
No #e$e"se e(ert, ho/ever, /%s rese"te# %t the tr!%'
re1%r#!"1 the &h!'#@s &%use o$ #e%th. SeeMot!o" $or Ne/
Tr!%' ?, E(. *A+.
O" M%r&h >
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22, He'0, J., %"# Fe-ru%r0 =5, 2, He'0, J.,
rese&t!ve'0. Le%ve to %e%' these #e&!s!o"s /%s #e"!e# -0
the S!"1'e Just!&e, Ire'%"#, J., o" Ar!' 3, 25.
The Prior Pro Se Habeas Petition
O" M%r&h 9, 29, Pe!(oto, %&t!"1pro se, $!'e# h!s
$!rst h%-e%s et!t!o" )&o0 %""e(e# hereto %s E(. *D+. I"
the Pet!t!o", Pe!(oto r%!se# $our 1rou"#s $or re'!e$6 )!
!"e$$e&t!ve &ou"se' $or $%!'ure to o-e&t to !"%#!ss!-'e
he%rs%0 test!o"0 o$ Coo"/e%'th /!t"esses; )!!
!"e$$e&t!ve &ou"se' $or $%!'ure to o-e&t to reu#!&!%'
re$ere"&es to v!&t!@s !"ur!es; )!!! ev!#e"t!%r0
!"su$$!&!e"&0 to &o"v!&t o" $!rst:#e1ree ur#er !" v!o'%t!o"
o$ #ue ro&ess; %"# )!v !"e$$e&t!ve %ss!st%"&e o$ %e''%te
&ou"se' !" $%!'!"1 to r%!se the %-ove !ssues. As to
ro&e#ur%' -%r, Pe!(oto 1e"er%''0 %''e1e# %&tu%' !""o&e"&e
!" the Pet!t!o" -ut /!thout su-!tt!"1 suort!"1 roo$s
'!Ge those su-!tte# here. SeeAe"#!(, E(. *D+.
Reso"#e"t there%$ter $!'e# % ot!o" to #!s!ss o" M%0
2?, 29, -e&%use the et!t!o" /%s $!'e# -e0o"# AEDPA@s o"e
0e%r st%tute o$ '!!t%t!o"s )&o0 %""e(e# %s E(. *E+ !"
Ae"#!(.
B0 Ju#1e"t %"# De&!s!o" #%te# Fe-ru%r0 ?, 2?,
L!"#s%0, U.S.D.J. )&o0 %""e(e# %s E(. *I+ !" Ae"#!(, the
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#!str!&t &ourt #!s!sse# the Pet!t!o" %s u"t!e'0. Thus,
the er!ts o$ Pe!(oto@s &'%!s /ere "ever &o"s!#ere#.
B0 Ju#1e"t #%te# Ju'0 =, 2=2
%tt%&he# %s E(. *?+ to the Mot!o".
Pe!(oto %"# &ou"se' %&te# see#!'0, %"# % suort!"1
A$$!#%v!t /%s u't!%te'0 re&e!ve# $ro Dr. L%os%t% )&o0
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%""e(e# to Mot!o" $or Ne/ Tr!%', E(. *A+, Ae"#!(, /ho !s
'o&%te# !" N%shv!''e, Te""essee, o" Fr!#%0, Ju"e 2>, 2=2,
h%v!"1 -ee" se"t -0 over"!1ht %!' to &ou"se' o" Ju"e 23,
2=2. The s&ree"!"1 ro&ess h%v!"1 -ee" &o'ete#, the
u"#ers!1"e# &ou"se' the" reueste# %"# re&e!ve# CPCS
I""o&e"&e Pro1r% %rov%' to $!'e % ot!o" $or "e/ tr!%' o"
Ju'0 2, 2=2, Not!&e o$ Ass!1"e"t No. C3=3>>>2.
The State Motion for New Trial
The "e(t #%0, the st%te ot!o" $or "e/ tr!%' /%s
rot'0 $!'e# !" Br!sto' Suer!or Court, o" Ju'0 , 2=2
)E(. *A+, Ae"#!(. A se&o"# suort!"1 A$$!#%v!t $ro Dr.
%"e0 Su!er /%s o-t%!"e# o" or %-out De&e-er 3, 2=2 )&o0
%""e(e# to Mot!o" $or Ne/ Tr!%', E(. *A+, Ae"#!(.
As set $orth !" the!r rese&t!ve %$$!#%v!ts, Dr.
L%os%t%, &h!e$ %tho'o1!st %t %"#er-!'t U"!vers!t0, %"#
Dr. Su!er, % "euro%tho'o1!st o$ O($or# U"!vers!t0, -oth
&o"&urre# th%t the 0ou"1 &h!'#@s !"ur!es /ere &%use# -0
!"ur!es he sust%!"e# $%''!"1 #o/" % st%!r&%se /h!'e !" the
&%re o$ h!s other = #%0s -e$ore h!s #e%th, %"# th%t th!s
ser!ous $%'' /%s %sso&!%te# /!th % $r%&ture o$ h!s &'%v!&'e
%"# % ser!ous $r%&ture to h!s sGu'' %"# -'ee#!"1 !"s!#e the
he%#. Be&%use he surv!ve# the $%'', the &h!'# '!ve# $or =
#%0s e(er!e"&!"1 %"# e(h!-!t!"1 ser!ous "euro'o1!&%'
ro-'es, !"&'u#!"1 the &h!'#@s -e!"1 */o--'0,+ $%''!"1 %"#
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stu-'!"1 o" ree%te# o&&%s!o"s, s0tos /h!&h %re
!"#!&%t!ve o$ ro1ress!ve su-#ur%' he%to%s o&&urr!"1 %$ter
the $%'' th%t the" su-seue"t'0 &%use# the #e%th o$ the
&h!'#. See, e.g.,Su!er A$$!#%v!t
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the" u"$%!r'0 #!s&ou"te# the o!"!o"s o$ Drs. L%os%t% %"#
Su!er th%t the sGu'' $r%&ture, /!th %tte"#%"t "euro'o1!&%'
s0tos !" the te" #%0s there%$ter, -0 st%t!"1 th%t
L%os%t% %"# Su!er *!1"ore#+ the ev!#e"&e o$ the "%ture,
s!e %"# 'o&%t!o" o$ the sGu'' $r%&ture %"# re&e"t tr%u%
!"ur!es o" Chr!stoher@s he%# )De&!s!o", . ?.
To the &o"tr%r0, Drs. L%os%t% %"# Su!er &o"s!#ere#
the re'ev%"t e#!&%' ev!#e"&e, !"&'u#!"1 test!o"0 $ro the
Coo"/e%'th@s e(erts, Drs. e!"er %"# Ne/-er1er, %"#
re%&he# &o'ete'0 oos!te &o"&'us!o"s, %s #et%!'e# !"
the!r rese&t!ve A$$!#%v!ts. Seethe L%os%t% %"# Su!er
A$$!#%v!ts !" suort o$ Pe!(oto@s Mot!o" $or Ne/ Tr!%',
E(s. *2+ %"# *+ to the suort!"1 De&'%r%t!o".2
2Dr. L%os%t% &o"s!#ere#, %o"1 other th!"1s, the %utos0reort, %utos0 hotos, the tr!%' test!o"0 o$ -oth Dr.e!"er %"# Dr. Ne/-er1er, the tr!%' test!o"0 o$ Dr. Ar&ur!,)the reso"#!"1 hos!t%' h0s!&!%", the ro-%-'e &%usetest!o"0 o$ Dr. e!"er %"# A! S"ee# %"# the test!o"0 o$A! S"ee#, %s /e'' %s -rou1ht to -e%r h!s &o"s!#er%-'ee(er!e"&e, G"o/'e#1e, %"# %'!&%t!o" o$ stu#!es !" h!s%"%'0s!s o$ &%use o$ #e%th )L%os%t% A$$!#%v!t . Dr.Su!er &o"s!#ere#, %o"1 other th!"1s, the %utos0 reort,the ro-%-'e &%use %"# tr!%' test!o"0 o$ Dr. e!"er, %sur1!&%' %tho'o10 reort o$ Dr. Th%##eus Dr0%, % st%teo'!&e reort, % to(!&o'o10 reort &o"&er"!"1 Chr!stoher,%"# % "euro%tho'o10 #!%1"os!s o$ Dr. !''!% S&ho"e )Su!erA$$!#%v!t 5, %s /e'' %s -rou1ht to -e%r her &o"s!#er%-'ee(ert!se %"# G"o/'e#1e o$ re'ev%"t stu#!es &o"&er"!"1 &%useo$ #e%th !" 0ou"1 &h!'#re". The %ter!%'s rev!e/e# /eresu-st%"t!%' %"# &ert%!"'0 "ot *&herr0:!&Ge#,+ %s u"$%!r'0&h%r%&ter!e# -0 the tr!%' &ourt@s #e&!s!o" )De&!s!o", .?.
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Nor /%s ev!#e"&e o$ % h!stor0 o$ &h!'# %-use %"# A!
S"ee#@s #es&r!t!o" o$ the eve"ts th%t o&&urre#, !"&'u#!"1
S"ee#@s #es&r!t!o" o$ ho/ Chr!stoher *$e''+ #o/" the
st%!rs /h!'e !" her &%re, %t %'' #!sos!t!ve o$ Pe!(oto@s
&'%!, %s the tr!%' u#1e !"&orre&t'0 $ou"# )seeDe&!s!o",
.
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-ee" e(%!"e# -0 h!sto'o10 %0!"1 %rt!&u'%r %tte"t!o" to
ev!#e"&e o$ o'#er !"ur0 %"# t!ssue re%&t!ve &h%"1es.+
)Su!er A$$!#%v!t
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Su-seue"t'0, % et!t!o" $or 'e%ve to %e%' to %
S!"1'e Just!&e o$ the Suree Ju#!&!%' Court /%s #e"!e#, -0
De&!s!o" e"tere# Au1ust 2
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%$ter the $%''. Dr. Hu% $urther !"#!&%tes th%t he h%# #e%'t
/!th % ver0 s!!'%r sGu'' $r%&ture /ou"# !" h!s &%reer /h!&h
/%s "ot !e#!%te'0 $%t%' %s the Coo"/e%'th e(erts
%!"t%!"e# %t Pe!(oto@s tr!%'.
Dr. %" Ee !"#!&%tes !" h!s %&&o%"0!"1 A$$!#%v!t,
%o"1 other th!"1s, th%t % $%'' #o/" the st%!rs &ou'# ost
#e$!"!te'0 &%use the ser!ous sGu'' $r%&ture sust%!"e# -0 the
v!&t! !" th!s &%se, %"# th%t the &h!'#@s &o''%se o" the
eve"!"1 o$ h!s #e%th /ere &o"s!ste"t /!th the &h!'#@s
!"ur!es re#%t!"1 J%"u%r0 22, =>>?. Further, the &h!'# h%#
&'e%r'0 su$$ere# % s!1"!$!&%"t re:e(!st!"1 !"ur0 %"# /%s
sho/!"1 s0tos &o"s!ste"t /!th !"tr%&r%"!%' tr%u% r!or
to J%"u%r0 22, =>>?. F!"%''0, &o"tr%r0 to the
Coo"/e%'th@s e(erts@ tr!%' test!o"0, &'!"!&%' &%se
stu#!es %"# -!oe&h%"!&%' test!"1 sho/ th%t $%''s o$ :9
$eet %re su$$!&!e"t to resu't !" sGu'' %"# !"tr%&r%"!%'
tr%u%.
THE MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE A
HABEAS PETITION SHOULD BE RANTED
U"#er 23 U.S.C. 4 2255)-, the $%&tu%' re#!&%te $or
Pe!(oto@s &'%! &ou'# "ot h%ve -ee" #!s&overe# -0 h!
rev!ous'0 throu1h the e(er&!se o$ #ue #!'!1e"&e s!"&e he
rev!ous'0 h%# -ee" #er!ve# o$ h!s &o"st!tut!o"%' r!1ht to
the e$$e&t!ve %ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se', /ho shou'# h%ve e%r'!er
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u"&overe# su&h ev!#e"&e, thus e(&us!"1 %"0 r!or #e$%u't !"
rese"t!"1 su&h ev!#e"&e. See generally Murray v. Carrier,
52, >9 )=stC!r. 29. Pro&e#ur%'
#e$%u't #oes "ot str! % h%-e%s &ourt o$ ur!s#!&t!o" to
&o"s!#er #e$%u'te# &'%!s. R%ther *!t rov!#es o"'0 % stro"1
ru#e"t!%' re%so", 1rou"#e# !" Q&o"s!#er%t!o"s o$ &o!t0 %"#
&o"&er"s $or the or#er'0 %#!"!str%t!o" o$ &r!!"%'
ust!&e,@ "ot to %ss uo" % #e$%u'te# &o"st!tut!o"%' &'%!
rese"te# $or $e#er%' h%-e%s rev!e/.+ oldman v. !inn, 9?9
F.Su.2# 2, 2=5 )D.M%ss. 23, &!t!"1 Dretke v. "aley,
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95= U.S. 3?, > )25 )uot!"1 #ran$is v. "enderson, 529
U.S. 9?, 93:> )=>
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o$ these &%ses the Court teere# % hur#'e th%t /%s %
&re%ture o$ !ts o/" #o&tr!"e o$ &o!t06
*These #e&!s!o"s Qsee7G8 to -%'%"&e the
so&!et%' !"terests !" $!"%'!t0, &o!t0 %"# the&o"serv%t!o" o$ s&%r&e u#!&!%' resour&es /!th the!"#!v!#u%' !"terest !" ust!&e th%t %r!ses !" thee(tr%or#!"%r0 &%se@+ /here the !"ust!&e o$u"!sh!"1 %" !""o&e"t erso" !s rese"t.
M$'uiggin, %t =>2.
I" &%ses !" /h!&h % et!t!o"er %sserts he !s !""o&e"t
o$ the &r!e o$ /h!&h he /%s &o"v!&te#, the Suree Court
h%s ree%te#'0 %$$!re# the !ort%"&e o$ the *%&tu%'
!""o&e"&e e(&et!o"+ to Gee % &h%""e' oe" $or rev!e/ o$
other/!se #e$%u'te# &'%!s to %vo!# the *!s&%rr!%1e o$
ust!&e+ th%t /ou'# resu't $ro %'0!"1 the ru#e"t!%'
#e$%u't #o&tr!"e #es!te &oe''!"1 &'%!s o$ !""o&e"&e.
oldman v. !inn, supra, &!t!"1 M$Cleskey, 5>> U.S. %t 5>5
)*I$ Pet!t!o"er &%""ot sho/ &%use, the $%!'ure to r%!se the
&'%! !" %" e%r'!er et!t!o" %0 "o"ethe'ess -e e(&use# !$
he or she &%" sho/ th%t % $u"#%e"t%' !s&%rr!%1e o$ ust!&e
/ou'# resu't $ro % $%!'ure to e"tert%!" the &'%!.+;
S$hlup v. Deeo, 9= U.S. 2>3, =5:=9 )=>>9 )*Be&%use 7the
et!t!o"er8 h%s -ee" u"%-'e to est%-'!sh Q&%use %"#
reu#!&e@ ..., 7he8 %0 o-t%!" rev!e/ o$ h!s &o"st!tut!o"%'
&'%!s o"'0 !$ he $%''s /!th!" the Q"%rro/ &'%ss o$
&%ses ... !'!&%t!"1 % $u"#%e"t%' !s&%rr!%1e o$ ust!&e,@
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+ -%se# o" h!s *&'%! o$ !""o&e"&e+; )ousely, 92 U.S. %t
?2 )$!"#!"1 th%t et!t!o"er $%!'e# to est%-'!sh *&%use+ to
e(&use the #e$%u't o$ h!s &'%!, -ut or#er!"1 % re%"# *to
er!t et!t!o"er to %ttet to %Ge % sho/!"1 o$ %&tu%'
!""o&e"&e+.
A&&or#!"1'0, eve" !$ th!s Court $!"#s % ro&e#ur%' -%r
%"# th%t Pet!t!o"er /%s "ot su$$!&!e"t'0 #!'!1e"t, h!s
sho/!"1 o$ %&tu%' !""o&e"&e !s su$$!&!e"t to e(&use th%t
'%&G o$ #!'!1e"&e %"# rov!#e h! % *@1%te/%0@ /h!&h, /he"
rove", %''o/s % h%-e%s &ourt to rev!e/ the er!ts o$ h!s
other/!se #e$%u'te# &'%!s.+ oldman v. !inn, supra, %t 22
)&ourt %'!e# %&tu%' !""o&e"&e e(&et!o" %"# e(&use#
#e$e"#%"t@s ro&e#ur%' #e$%u't !" % su&&ess!ve ot!o"
&o"te(t %"# 1r%"te# 42299 re'!e$ to % $e#er%' r!so"er;
&!t!"1 United States v. Powell, 2?? Fe#. A(. 2? )5thC!r.
Fe-. 2= 23)u"u-'!she# )v%&%t!"1 'o/er &ourt #e&!s!o"
th%t h%# $ou"# %&tu%' !""o&e"&e &ou'# "ot e(&use $%!'ure to
#!'!1e"t'0 ursue st%te &ourt v%&%tur, -ut %G!"1 "o ru'!"1
o" th!s !ssue; %"# %'so &!t!"1 United States v. )arrett,
=>> )su11est!"1 th%t %&tu%'
!""o&e"&e &%" over&oe ro&e#ur%' -%r -ut reserv!"1 ru'!"1
o" /hether sho/!"1 o$ %&tu%' !""o&e"&e &ou'# /%!ve st%tutor0
restr!&t!o"s.
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Further, % &'%! o$ %&tu%' !""o&e"&e !s ese&!%''0
&oe''!"1 %"# % 1%te/%0 to rev!e/ o" the er!ts /here
Pet!t!o"er h%s %''e1e# th%t #ue to the !"e$$e&t!ve
%ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se', he /%s #er!ve# o$ the ver0 ev!#e"&e
/h!&h he "o/ %!"t%!"s est%-'!shes h!s !""o&e"&e. ome/ v.
0aimet, 9 F.# ?thC!r. 2; a$$ord "ou$k v.
Sti$kman, ?29 F.# 33 )# C!r. 2=
A&&or#!"1'0, %"# %s to %"0 oss!-'e ro&e#ur%' -%r to
ro&ee#!"1, Pe!(oto h%s rove" th%t he !s %&tu%''0 !""o&e"t
o$ the &r!e &h%r1e#, re'0!"1 uo" the A$$!#%v!ts o$ Drs.
L%os%t% %"# Su!er !" suort o$ the "e/ tr!%' ot!o", th%t
&%use o$ #e%th /%s $ro !"ur!es sust%!"e# -0 the v!&t! !"
h!s $%'' #o/" the st%!rs = #%0s -e$ore h!s #e%th )&o!es o$
the L%os%t% %"# Su!er A$$!#%v!ts %""e(e# %s E(s. *2+ %"#
*+ to Mot!o" rese&t!ve'0, %s /e'' %s the t/o
&orro-or%t!"1 e(ert %$$!#%v!ts o$ Dr. Hu% %"# Dr. %" Ee
)E(s. *5+ %"# *9+, /h!&h %'so &%" -e &o"s!#ere# %t 'e%st !"
suort o$ Pe!(oto@s ro&e#ur%' 1%te/%0 &'%! o$ %&tu%'
!""o&e"&e. See ope/ v. Miller, >9 F.Su.2# 52 )E.D.N..
2=2; ope/ v. Miller, >=9 F.Su. 2# =.
Thus, %s $u''0 set $orth %-ove, Pe!(oto@s $u''0
suorte# &'%! o$ %&tu%' !""o&e"&e !s su$$!&!e"t 1rou"#s to
over&oe %"0 ro&e#ur%' -%r to the !"st%"t Pet!t!o", /hether
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-e&%use !t !s % su&&ess!ve et!t!o" )oldman, supra;
u"t!e'0 u"#er AEDPA@s o"e:0e%r st%tute o$ '!!t%t!o"s
)M$'uiggen, supra; or, to over&oe %"0 !"#ee"#e"t st%te
ro&e#ur%' -%r %s % resu't o$ the S!"1'e Just!&e@s #e"!%' o$
'e%ve to %e%' )ome/, supra. H%v!"1 over&oe the
ro&e#ur%' -%r -0 su&h sho/!"1, 'e%ve shou'# -e 1!ve"
er!tt!"1 Pe!(oto to $!'e h!s "e/ Pet!t!o" %ssert!"1 h!s
!"e$$e&t!ve %ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se' &'%! %"# the u-'!& tr!%'
&'%!.
The Merits of Peixotos Claim
The A"t!:Terror!s %"# E$$e&t!ve De%th Pe"%'t0 A&t o$
=>>? )*AEDPA+ rov!#es th%t !" % h%-e%s ro&ee#!"1, *%
#eter!"%t!o" o$ % $%&tu%' !ssue %#e -0 % St%te &ourt sh%''
-e resue# to -e &orre&t,+ %"# the et!t!o"er h%s the
-ur#e" o$ re-utt!"1 the resut!o" o$ &orre&t"ess -0 &'e%r
%"# &o"v!"&!"1 ev!#e"&e. 23 U.S.C. 4 2295)e)=.
A st%te &ourt@s u't!%te &o"&'us!o"s, !"&'u#!"1 !ts
'e1%' ru'!"1s, %re rev!e/e# ursu%"t to %"other &'%use o$
AEDPA, %''o/!"1 h%-e%s re'!e$ /here the st%te &ourt@s
%#u#!&%t!o"6
)= resu'te# !" % #e&!s!o" th%t /%s &o"tr%r0 to,or !"vo've# %" u"re%so"%-'e %'!&%t!o" o$,&'e%r'0 est%-'!she# Fe#er%' '%/, %s #eter!"e# -0the Suree Court o$ the U"!te# St%tes; or
)2 resu'te# !" % #e&!s!o" th%t /%s -%se# o" %"u"re%so"%-'e #eter!"%t!o" o$ the $%&ts !" '!1ht
25
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o$ the ev!#e"&e rese"te# !" the St%te &ourtro&ee#!"1.
23 U.S.C. 42295)#; Coombs v. State o1 Maine, 22 F.# =5,
=3 )=
st
C!r. 2. *Th!s rov!s!o" 1over"s "ot o"'0 ure
!ssues o$ '%/, -ut !(e# uest!o"s o$ '%/ %"# $%&t !" /h!&h
'e1%' r!"&!'es %re %'!e# to h!stor!&%' $%&ts.+ 2d.,
&!t!"1 (ri$e v. !ard, =>? F.# ==9=, ==?> )=thC!r. =>>>.
I" th!s &o"te(t, the Suree Court %#e &'e%r !"
!illiams v. (aylor, 92> U.S. ?2, 3> )26
. . .7T8he st%tute 7AEDPA8 #!re&ts $e#er%' &ourtsto %tte"# to ever0 st%te:&ourt u#1e"t /!thutost &%re, -ut !t #oes "ot reu!re the to #e$erto the o!"!o" o$ ever0 re%so"%-'e st%te:&ourtu#1e o" the &o"te"t o$ $e#er%' '%/. I$, %$ter&%re$u''0 /e!1h!"1 %'' the re%so"s $or %&&et!"1 %st%te &ourt@s u#1e"t, % $e#er%' &ourt !s&o"v!"&e# th%t % r!so"er@s &usto#0. . . v!o'%testhe Co"st!tut!o", th%t !"#ee"#e"t u#1e"t shou'#rev%!'.
2d. %t 3>.
As %'re%#0 set $orth -e'o/, Pet!t!o"er h%s #eo"str%te#
!" th!s &%se th%t the st%te &ourt@s #e"!%' o$ h!s ot!o" $or
"e/ tr!%' %''e1!"1 !"e$$e&t!ve %ss!st%"&e o$ &ou"se' /%s
error %"# &o"tr%r0 to /e'' est%-'!she# Suree Court
re&e#e"t, !"&'u#!"1 Stri$kland. Pet!t!o"er h%s est%-'!she#
th%t he /%s ser!ous'0 reu#!&e# -0 &ou"se'@s o!ss!o"s %"#
#e$!&!e"&!es !" $%!'!"1 to $u''0 !"vest!1%te the %''e1e#
v!&t!@s &%use o$ #e%th, "ot o"'0 #er!v!"1 h! o$ %
su-st%"t!%' 1rou"# o$ #e$e"se !" the $or o$ #e$e"se e(ert
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test!o"0, $ro Drs. L%os%t% %"# Su!er, th%t Pet!t!o"er
h%# "ot &%use# the &h!'#@s #e%th, %s /e'' %s $or$e!te#
v%'u%-'e !"$or%t!o" /!th /h!&h to e$$e&t!ve'0 &ross:e(%!"e
the Coo"/e%'th@s e(ert)s. !ve" &ou"se'@s $%!'ure to
$u''0 !"vest!1%te, &ou"se'@s rerese"t%t!o" /%s #e$!&!e"t
%"# "ot %ttr!-ut%-'e to % re%so"%-'e t%&t!&%' &ho!&e u"#er
Stri$kland, %"# % "e/ tr!%' !s &o"st!tut!o"%''0 %"#%te#.
The s%e !s true o$ Pet!t!o"er@s u-'!& tr!%' &'%!.
H%v!"1 sho/" % &ourtroo &'osure #ur!"1 ur0 se'e&t!o",
!"&'u#!"1 the e(&'us!o" o$ Pet!t!o"er@s $%!'0 e-ers, %"#
the %-se"&e o$ %"0 !allerhe%r!"1 or $!"#!"1s th%t &'osure
/%s "e&ess%r0, the tr!%' &ourt /%s reu!re# to reverse the
&o"v!&t!o", ese&!%''0 s!"&e there /%s "o ev!#e"&e th%t
Pet!t!o"er /%s ever %#v!se# o$ the u-'!& tr!%' r!1ht -0
&ou"se', 0ohnson v. +erbst, 5 U.S. 593, 5?5 )=>3::/ho
/%s %'so !"e$$e&t!ve !" $%!'!"1 !" th!s re1%r# %"# !"
$%!'!"1 to o-e&t to the &'osure )Stri$kland, supra::%"#
thus, Pet!t!o"er "ever /%!ve# the r!1ht. The st%te &ourt@s
#e&!s!o" /%s thus *&o"tr%r0 to+ or !"vo've# %" *u"re%so"%-'e
%'!&%t!o"+ o$ $e#er%' '%/ %s est%-'!she# -0 the Suree
Court, %"# $urther &o"st!tute# %" *u"re%so"%-'e
#eter!"%t!o" o$ the $%&ts+ !" '!1ht o$ the ev!#e"&e %##u&e#
!" the st%te &ourt ro&ee#!"1. 23 U.S.C. 42295)#;
!illiams v. (aylor, supra. See!aller v. eorgia, 5?< U.S.
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>, 5? )=>35; Press3nterprise Co. v. Superior Court o1
Cal., 5?5 U.S. 9=, 99 )=>35; see also Presley v.
eorgia, ___U.S.___, = S.Ct.
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