Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
MDG Monitoring to 2015 &
beyondHUNGER INDCATOR – 1.9
bySeeva RAMASAWMY
FAO RAP, Bangkok, Thailand([email protected])
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
HUNGER INDICATOR
OUTLINEDefinition of the hunger indicatorPurposeComponents Methodology of estimation Data sourcesEstimation Conclusions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Target 1C - Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
MDG Hunger indicator 1.9:
Reduce the proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (MDER) by half by 2015.
World Food Summit Target:
Reduce the number of undernourished people by half by 2015.
HUNGER INDICATOR
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Halve the proportion of people who suffer from
hunger by 2015
Number of undernourished
people
Halve the number of people who suffer from hunger by
2015
Prevalence of undernourishment
Global Monitoring hunger : MDG 1.9 & WFS Target
Population
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1. Indicators of Food Insecurity.
2. Assess the food insecurity at global, national and sub-national levels.
3. Food policies aiming at more focused interventions and programmes.
PURPOSE
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
METHODOLOGY OF ESTIMATIONTo characterize the distribution we need to
estimate (at least) three parameters (“moments”):Location (measured by the mean),
Indicates the average level of food consumption
Dispersion (measured by the coefficient of variation)
Indicates the degree of inequality in food consumption
Asymmetry (measured by the coefficient of skewness)
As opposed to monetary income, food consumption cannot increase indefinitely, therefore, as the mean level increases, we expect the asymmetry to be reduced.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Prevalence of Undernourishment hunger indicator – MDG 1.9The indicator is conceptually very simple. If we
know: a) How much food is available in the
country, (DES/DEC) – Food Availability
b) What are the population food requirements, (MDER) - Food Utilization
c) How food consumption is distributed across households (CV of DEC) - Food Access
we may estimate how many people are likely to be having insufficient access to food.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Based on three key parameters:
1. Energy consumption per person (DES) as derived from
- Food Balance Sheet (FBS)
2. Inequality in access to food (CV of DEC)
- National household income and expenditure survey (NHS)
3. The minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER)
- Based on International Dietary Energy Requirement Norms using country age/sex structure of the population and height data.
The FAO approach for estimating Hunger Indicator
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAO Estimates of Hunger Indicator (Prevalence of Undernourishment or Food Deprivation)
MDG Indicator 1.9 (National)(FAO SOFI)
Proxy of MDG 1.9National
and Regional levels
Dietary Energy Supply (DES)
Dietary Energy Consumption(DEC)
Food Balance Sheet(FBS)
National household survey(NHS/HIES)
Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the distribution of Dietary Energy Consumption (DEC)
Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement (MDER)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
x per caput DES
1. Estimation of the mean x (Dietary Energy Supply)
source providing estimates
every year for all countries
FAO’s /Country Food Balance Sheets
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food Available for Human Consumption (DES) from Food Balance Sheet
Gross Production - Harvest Loss
= Net Production+ Beginning Stocks+ Imports
= Gross Food Availability- Exports- Feed- Seed- Post-Harvest Loss
= Net Food Availability
Net Food Availability - Ending Stocks - Non-food uses
= Household Consumption - Intra-House Waste - Non-Human Consumption
= = Human Food Consumption
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Total Variation
Other sources Seasonal
variationVariation due to income
7.2
Variation due to biological factors
The FAO approach for estimating Hunger
2. Sources of variation of inequality (CV )in access to food (DEC)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
)|()|()( 22 rxCVvxCVxCV
variation of energy consumption
Variation due to requirement approx.
20%
variation according to levels of income
The FAO approach for estimating Hunger
2. Estimation of the inequality in access to food as given by the CV (Coefficient of Variation) of DEC
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The FAO approach for estimating Hunger
3. The minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER)
- Based on International Dietary Energy Requirement Norms using country age/sex structure of the population and height data.
Recommended Energy Requirement by Age and Sex -Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on human energy requirements (FAO/WHO/UNU, 2004).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
To produce good estimates, we need reliable and timely data.
The minimum set of data we need are:A measure of total food availability in the
countryThe size and structure of the population
(including heights)Data from surveys recording food
consumption (i.e. budget and expenditure surveys, living standard measurement surveys, etc.)
The Data Problem
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Global Monitoring of MDG Hunger Indicator (1.9)State of Food Insecurity in the World – SOFI 2010
Technical Assistance at Country level – 95 countries Use of Food Security Statistics Module -
(FSSM/ADePT)
Process - Analysis – Report
Macro and Micro nutrient Analysis - Protein Quality – Quality of the Diet
ESTIMATION OF HUNGER INDICATOR ANALYTICAL TOOL FSSM/ADePT
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
CONCLUSIONS
Coordination among National institutions collecting agricultural and food data:
NSO,Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries, livestock;Ministry of Trade and Commerce;Ministry of Health;Ministry of Industry; etc.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Country collaboration is essential in providing the needed data
FAO ESS is committed to provide technical assistance to:
Data collectionData processing
Analysis
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
THANK YOU
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