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MATHMATICSWELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION1
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PRESENTEDBY
Monika Shama Rusha - 12102150
Md. Sazzad Hossain - 12102166
Naznin Haque Nipa - 12102168
Kanij Fatema - 12102178 Ajharul Islam - 12102175
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CONCEPTS OF NUMBER
Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
Integers
Real Numbers
Rational Numbers
Scientific Notation Ratio and Proportion
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NATURAL NUMBER :
The numbers with which we count, that is, theNatural Numbers.1,2,3,4,5,.etc
We will denote the collection or set of NaturalNumbers by N.
There are 2 types of Natural Numbers.
NATURAL
COMPOSITE PRIME 5
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PRIME NUMBER:-
A Prime number is not expressible as a
product of factors other than 1 andITSELF. The prime numbers between 1 to20 are1,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,17, and19. Forexample:- 11=1, 21=2
A Composite number is expressible as aproduct of prime factors other 1 and ITSELF.
The Prime numbers are 4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,18,20Example:- 4= 41=4 , 22=4
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COMPOSITE NUMBERS:-
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INTEGER:-
Integer is the combination of the set of wholenumbers and the set of negative integer .
For ex:- . . . . . . -3,-2, -1, 0,1 ,2 ,3 , 4, . . . . . . . . .
COMPLEX NUMBER:-
Non real number is called
Complex number.Example :- -3, -2, -5/7
(a+ib) is the form of Complex number.7
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REAL NUMBERS:-
Real numbers is thecombination set of Rational and Irrational numbers.
The set of Real numbers is denoted by R.
real
rational irrational
Irrational numbers :- Among the numbers thatare not rational are called Irrational numbers.
Example :- 7/5, .33338
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RATIONAL NUMBERS :-
The Rational number is a number that can be writtenin the form a/b
Where a and b are integers and b0.
Rational numbers can be written in 2 forms.
RATIONAL
fraction decimal
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FRACTIONNUMBER:-
When a rational numbers are expressed by a fractionfrom that is called a fractional form of rationalnumbers.
Ex:- 5/7, 10/3
DECIMAL :-
When a rational numbers written as a decimal that is
called a decimal form.Ex :- 0.125, -0.76, 8.333
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DECIMALNUMBER :-
There are 2 forms of Decimal number.
DECIMAL
repeating form terminating form
Repeating form :- A Repeating form is one that continues on foreverbut that eventually begins to repeat the same digit over and overwithout end.
For ex:- 0.8989.., and 5.4123123.
Terminating form:- Terminating form is one that eventually stops; ithas only a finite number of nonzero decimal places.
Example :- 0.125, -0.564, 17.4521 11
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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, RATIO, PROPORTION :-
Scientific notation :-
Scientific notation is a way of writing anumber as the product of a power of 10 and a decimal numberwith one (nonzero) digit to the left of the decimal point.
Ex :- 3.9710, 4.610
RATIO :-
Ratio is a comparison of two quantities. Its denoted bya/b or a:b.
PROPORTION :-
Proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal.
An example of a true proportion is 2/3 = 12/18.
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MEASUREMENTANDDATAHANDLING
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THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS :-
The measurement process is a series of steps involvingselection of a standard, comparison of the quantity to beevaluated with the standard and recording a result.
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ENGLISH AND SI SYSTEM :-
English system SI system
also called : also called :
British system Metric system
Engineering system MKS system (meter, kilogram,
FPS system (for foot, pound, second)
second) MKSA system (for meter, kilo
gram, second, ampere)
In each system ,
units are defined for certain basic quantities. 15
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BASICQUANTITYANDUNIT :-
A basic quantity is a physical quantity that is defined in termsof a standard without reference to other quantity.
A unit is a name given to the standard that represent a basicquantity.
Here, 5 common basic quantities :-
Quantity English unit SI unit C
length foot meter
mass slug(nb)* kilogram
force pound new ton (nb)*
Time second second
Current ampere ampere
*(nb) signifies nonbasic units. 16
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UNITSFORTHESEQUANTITIESWILLFREQUENTLYBEDESIGNATEDBYAONEORTWOLETTERABBREVIATION.
English system SI system
foot (ft) meter (m)
slug (no abbrev) kilogram (kg)
second (s) second (s)pound (lb) new ton (N)
ampere (A) ampere (A)
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CONVERSIONTABLE :-
Table 1.1 : ENGLISH to SI
Value of English conversion =value in SI
unit of : factor unit offeet (ft) 0.3048 (m ft) meters (m)
pounds (lb) 4.45 (N lb ) new tons (N)
seconds (s) 1 seconds (s)
slugs (lb-s ft ) 14.59 (kg slug) kilograms(kg)
velocity (ft s) 0.3048 (m ft) (m s)
work (ft-lb) 1.356 (J (ft-lb)) joules (J)
power (ft-lb s ) 1.356 watts (W)
pounds (lb) 0.4536 kilograms
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CONVERSIONTABLE :-
Table 1.2 : SI to English
Value of SI conversion =value in
unit of: factor English unit of:
meters (m) 3.281 (ft m) feet (ft)
new tons (N) 0.2247 (lb N) pounds (lb)
seconds (s) 1 seconds (s)
kilograms (kg) 0.0685 (slug kg) slugs (lb-s ft)
velocity (m s) 3.281 (ft m) (ft s)
work (J) 0.7376 (ft-lb J) (ft-lb)
power (W) 0.7375 (ft-lb s)
kilograms (kg) 2.205 pounds
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HERE, THEUNITPREFIXES, THEIRABBREVIATIONAND:-
unit prefix Abbreviation
giga G giga
mega M mega
kilo k kilo
hecto h base
deca da milli
deci d micro
centi c nano
milli m pico
micro u
nano n
pico p
We arrange the units in a manner that will suggest a method of conversionfrom one unit to another.
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