Materi
1. Era Informasi2. Strategi dan Peluang Yang Kompetitif3. Database dan Database Warehouse4. Desain Database5. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dan Sistem Cerdas6. E-Commerce
DATABASE DAN DATA WAREHOUSE
Pertemuan 04
3 SKS
Data Base & Data Warehouse
• Pendahuluan• Relational Database• Queries• Merancang Database• Data warehouse• Membuat Form dengan Access• Mengintegrasikan informasi
Pendahuluan• Sebagian besar perusahaan saat ini sudah menggunakan
database / datawarehouse sebagai tempat menyimpan datanya. Data ini kemudian diolah menjadi informasi yang bisa digunakan sebagai bahan dalam pengambilan keputusan
• Model pendukung pengambilan keputusan:–OLTP Online transaction processing
• Informasi yang diproses secara online seperti: payroll, pembuatan order penjualan dan lain-lain.
• OLTP termasuk mengumpulkan informasi serta– OLAP Online Analytical processing
• Digunakan untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Yaitu dengan memanipulasi informasi untuk mendukung keputusan
DatabaseDBMS
Programs
Sales and transaction data
Reports and
ad hoc queries
Pendahuluan
Data
DatabaseManagement
System
Program Program
Business Operations
Ad Hoc Queriesand Reports
ProgrammerAnalyst
Database Administrator
Business Needs
Programs& Revisions
Managers
(Standards, Design, and Control)
Data Collectionand TransactionProcessing
Pendahuluan
Character = bagian terkecil dari sebuah informasiField = gabungan dari beberapa character
(contoh ; nama, produk , dll)Record = gabungan dari satu atau beberapa fieldFile = hubungan secara logika dari record-2
Physical Logical
Bit
Byte
Word
Tech
nolo
gyin
terfa
ce
Character
Field
Record
File
Database
Data warehouse
Pendahuluan
Pendahuluan• Database adalah : Gabungan informasi yang
diorganisasi dan di akses sesuai dengan strukturnya
• Logical structure : mengunakan sebuah database , mengorganisasi dan mengakses sesuai dengan struktur logika, bukan struktur phisik
• Data dictionary : Berisi informasi struktur logika dalam database
Pendahuluan• Database management system (DBMS): software
yang secara khusus digunakan untuk mengorganisasi database dan mengaksesnya
• DBMS berisi 5 komponen software penting, yaitu : 1. DBMS engine 2. Data definition subsystem 3. Data manipulation subsystem4. Application generation subsystem5. Data administration subsystem
Membuat dan merubah struktur logika
Melakukan Query
Menu, data entry, laporan dan software aplikasi
Siapa yang dapat menggunakan informasi, bagaimana metode backup dan recovery, Perubahan struktur
Data definition
Data manipulation
App. Generation
Data Administration
DBM
S en
gine
Database
Pendahuluan
Model Database1. Relational database2. Object oriented database3. Hierarchical database4. Network database
Phone Name Address City312-555-1234 Jones 123 Main Chicago502-555-8876 Smith 456 Oak Glasgow602-555-9987 Juarez 887 Ribera Phoenix612-555-4325 Olsen 465 Thor Minneapolis
Customer Table
Customer Date Salesperson Total_sale502-555-8876 3/3/04 2223 157.92602-555-9987 4/4/04 8876 295.53612-555-4325 4/9/04 8876 132.94502-555-8876 5/7/04 3345 183.67
Orders Table
TablesRowsColumnsPrimary keys
Data typesTextDates & timesNumbersObjects
1. Relational Database
Permasalahan dalam Programming
Data and programTidak terdokumentasiMultiuserPerubahan-perubahan
InvoiceProgram
BillingProgram
file 1
customers
file A
file B
1. Relational Database
Focus on dataStable dataPrograms change.
Data independenceChange programs without altering data.
Data integrityAccuracy.Time.Concurrency.Security.
Ad hoc queriesSpeed of development
Report writers.Input forms.Data manipulation.
Flexibility & Queries
Keuntungan :
All Data Files
Database ManagementSystem
InvoiceProgram
BillingProgram
1. Relational Database
Single TableComputationsJoining Tables
1) Output apa yang akan dilihat?2) Table apa saja yang terkait?3) Apa yang sudah diketahui? (constraints)4) Bagaimana join masing masing table?
4 pertanyaan dalam membuat query
Query
Single Table
CID Name Phone City AccountBalance28764 Adamz 602-999-2539 Phoenix 197.5487535 James 305-777-2235 Miami 255.9344453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver 863.3929587 Smitz 206-676-7763 Seattle 353.76
Sample Data
Access Query Screen (QBE)
Query
Sample Data
Access Query Screen (QBE)
CID Name Phone City AccountBalance28764 Adamz 602-999-2539 Phoenix 197.5487535 James 305-777-2235 Miami 255.9344453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver 863.3929587 Smitz 206-676-7763 Seattle 353.76
Query: customer di kota Denver yang mana yang memiliki balance lebih dari $200?
Query
Query: customers yang mana yang mempunyai balance lebih dari$200?SQL: SELECT CID, Name, Phone, City, AccountBalance
FROM CustomersWHERE AccountBalance > 200 ;
Query: customers di kota Denver yang mana yang mempunyai balance lebih dari$200?SQL: SELECT CID, City, AccountBalancel
FROM CustomersWHERE AccountBalance > 200 and City = “Denver”ORDER BY Name ASC ;
CID Name Phone City AccountBalance28764 Adamz 602-999-2539 Phoenix 197.5487535 James 305-777-2235 Miami 255.9344453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver 863.3929587 Smitz 206-676-7763 Seattle 353.76
SQL (structure query language)Query
SELECT columns
FROM tables
JOIN link columns
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY column
ORDER BY column (ASC | DESC)
Aturan dalam SQL
Query
Sum
Avg
Min
Max
Count
StDev
Var
Perhitungan SELECT Count(C#), AVG(AccountBalance)FROM Customers ;
Query
Group & Sub total QBE
SELECT City, AVG(AccountBalance)FROM CustomersGROUP BY City ;
SQL
City AVG(AccountBalance)Chicago 197.54Denver 863.39Miami 255.93Phoenix 526.76Seattle 353.76
Sample Output
Query
CID Name Phone City AccountBalance12345 Jones 312-555-1234 Chicago $197.5428764 Adams 602-999-2539 Phoenix $526.7629587 Smitz 206-656-7763 Seattle $353.7644453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver $863.3987535 James 305-777-2235 Miami $255.98
Customers
SID Name DateHired Phone Commission225 West 5/23/75 213-333-2345 5452 Zeke 8/15/94 213-343-5553 3554 Jabbar 7/15/91 213-534-8876 4663 Bird 9/12/93 213-225-3335 4887 Johnson 2/2/92 213-887-6635 4
ItemID Description Price1154 Corn Broom $1.002254 Blue Jeans $12.003342 Paper Towels--3 rolls $1.007653 Laundry Detergent $2.008763 Men's Boots $15.009987 Candy Popcorn $0.50
OrderID CID SID Odate Amount117 12345 887 3/3/2004 $57.92125 87535 663 4/4/2004 $123.54157 12345 554 4/9/2004 $297.89169 29587 255 5/5/2004 $89.93178 44453 663 5/1/2004 $154.89188 29587 554 5/8/2004 $325.46201 12345 887 5/28/2004 $193.58211 44453 255 6/9/2004 $201.39213 44453 255 6/9/2004 $154.15215 87535 887 6/9/2004 $563.27280 28764 663 5/27/2004 $255.32
OID ItemID Quantity117 1154 2117 3342 1117 7653 4125 1154 4125 8763 3157 7653 2169 3342 1169 9987 5178 2254 1
Salespeople
Items
Orders
ItemsSold
Beberapa table
Link table
Contoh query
QBE
SQL
HasilCID ODate44453 6/9/200444453 6/9/200487535 6/9/200428764 6/27/2004
SELECT CID, ODateFROM OrdersWHERE Odate >= #6/1/2004# ;
Customer (CID) yang mana yang terdaftar diatas tgl 1 juni 2004?
CustomersCID name city home business fax service11 Jones Chicago 111-1111 222-2222 222-35534 876-345622 Smith Chicago 111-4567 444-535333 James Chicago 111-2567 222-897644 Ricci Chicago 333-8765
CID name city11 Jones Chicago22 Smith Chicago33 James Chicago44 Ricci Chicago
Customers(CID, name, city)CID phone_type number11 home 111-111111 business 222-222211 fax 222-353411 service 876-345622 home 111-458722 service 444-535333 home 111-256744 fax 333-8765
Phones(CID, phone_type, number)
Primary keysSatu nilai dalam setiap cellColumn tergantung kepada key
Merancang Database
Table name
Primary key
Table columns
Customer (CustomerID, Phone, Name, Address, City, State, ZipCode)
CustomerID Phone LastName FirstName Address City State ZipCode1 502-666-7777 Johnson Martha 125 Main Street Alvaton KY 421222 502-888-6464 Smith Jack 873 Elm Street Bowling Green KY 421013 502-777-7575 Washington Elroy 95 Easy Street Smith's Grove KY 421714 502-333-9494 Adams Samuel 746 Brown Drive Alvaton KY 421225 502-474-4746 Rabitz Victor 645 White Avenue Bowling Green KY 421026 615-373-4746 Steinmetz Susan 15 Speedway Drive Portland TN 371487 615-888-4474 Lasater Les 67 S. Ray Drive Portland TN 371488 615-452-1162 Jones Charlie 867 Lakeside Drive Castalian Springs TN 370319 502-222-4351 Chavez Juan 673 Industry Blvd. Caneyville KY 4272110 502-444-2512 Rojo Maria 88 Main Street Cave City KY 42127
Notasi :
Merancang Database
Input screen :Text/Labels Data Variables
Scrolling Region/Subform
CommandButtons
Record Selectors- Subform- Main
Report writer :
Report header, Page header, Break/Group header, Detail, Footers
Contoh laporan :
Membuat menu untuk user :
1. Setup Choices2. Data Input3. Print Reports4. DOS Utilities5. Backups
Main MenuDaily Sales ReportsFriday Sales MeetingMonthly Customer Letters
Quit
Customer Information
Setiap orang dalam suatu perusahaan termasuk manajer, sales dan lainnya menginginkan untuk mengakses data yang sama dalam organisasi tersebut
Mengintegrasikan Informasi
Daily Sales Report February 7, 2004
Department Item# Q-sold Price ValueHouse 1153 52 2.95 153.40
5543 13 0.59 7.67W.Clothing 5563 1 87.32 87.32
7765 4 54.89 219.569986 2 15.69 31.38
Shoes 1553 2 65.79 131.586673 1 29.39 29.39
Total Sales: 660.30
Returned Merchandise LogFebruary 7, 2004
Item# Q Price Value1153 3 2.95 8.853353 6 27.59 165.544453 2 15.95 31.908878 1 24.95 24.95
Total 12 231.24
Commissions February 7, 2004
Emp# Name Dept Sales Rate Amount1143 Jones House 543.95 5% 27.202895 Brown M.Clothing 775.35 4% 31.014462 Smith W.Clothing 1,544.52 5% 77.237893 Torrez Shoes 876.93 6% 52.629963 Cousco M.Clothing 589.47 5% 29.47
Contoh
Contoh laporan yang terintegrasi
Weekly Sales Analysis 2/01/04 - 2/07/04
Department AnalysisDept Sales Returns Commissions NetHouse 4,113.58 25.35 205.68 3,882.55W.Clothing 54,221.92 998.52 3,024.64 50,198.76M.Clothing 28,664.48 356.24 1,421.58 26,886.66Shoes 10,225.31 853.47 592.36 8,779.48Total: 97,225.29 2,233.58 5,244.26 89,747.45
Sales & Net Sales
0200004000060000
House W. Cloth. M. Cloth. Shoes
MIS pada tahun 1960 - 1970
Purchasing:Orders
Sales:Orders
Production:MRP
Marketing:Forecasts
Accounting:Integrated DataSeparateReports
35
Perubahan Pada MIS
salesdata
3 reports(printed) weekly reports
1970sSalesTerminals
SalesTerminals
Centralcomputer:
create reports
Manager:Integrate, graph
analyze Secretary:type & revise
Management
salesdata
3 reports(printed) weekly reports
1980sSalesTerminals
SalesTerminals
Centralcomputer:
create reports
Manager:Integrate, graph
analyze
Management
personal computer
salesdata
1990sSalesTerminals
SalesTerminals
DBMS:On-line data
Personal ComputerWeekly reports &ad hoc queries(applications)
Managementquery
data
Integrasi informasi pada tahun 2000
salesdata
SalesTerminals
SalesTerminals
DBMS
Executive InformationSystem
Personal ComputerOr PDA
Or Browser
Management
query
data
Suppliers
Banks
Production/Service
Enterprise Resource Planning
Business integration
Vendors Customers
Design &Engineering
Marketing
Distribution
Manufacturing
Purchasing
Administration & Management
HRM Accounting Finance MIS
Just-in-Time
Quality control & Custom orders
QuickResponse
Designs and Quality
MassCustomization
Demand-pull
Design feasibility& production costs
product planning
partnerships& jointdevelopment
partnerships& jointdevelopment
planning& monitoring
planning& monitoring
Intergrasi ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning)
Database
Headquarters(France)
Database
Subsidiary(Spain)
Financial dataGeneral ledgerPayroll…
ManufacturingProduct detailsInventory…
Use inventory item.Deduct quantity.Update inventory value.
Check for reorder point.Order new item through EDI.Update Accounts payable.
Project cost report.Daily production report.
Weekly financial status.Cash flow.Budget versus actual cost.
ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning)• Integrated systems• Examples
– SAP– Peoplesoft– Lawson– J.D. Edwards– Dll.
• Basic features included– Accounting– Purchasing– HRM– Investment management
• International environment– Multiple currencies– Multiple languages– Procedures and practices– Follows local (national) rules– Follows consolidation rules
SAP• Pertama di Jerman,
sekarang sudah mendunia• Mendukung transaksi
internasional dan perusahaan multinasional
• Dapat dijalankan pada beberapa platform database dan hardware
• Dapat menangani perusahaan kecil / besar
• Mahal, tetapi harga itu relative.
• Financials• Logistics• Human
resource management
SAP Financial• Treasury
– Cash management– Treasury management– Market risk management– Funds management
• Enterprise Control– Executive information
system– Business planning and
budgeting– Profit center accounting– Consolidation
• Financial Accounting– General ledger– Accounts receivable/payable– Special ledgers– Fixed assets– Legal consolidation
• Investment Management– Investment planning/budgeting/control– Depreciation
forecast/simulation/calculate• Controls
– Overhead cost– Activity based costing– Product cost– Profitability analysis
SAP Logistik• Product data management
– Master data management– Design and change process– Product structure– Development projects
• Sales and distribution– Sales activities– Sales order management– Shipping and transportation– Billing– Sales information system
• Production planning and control– Production planning– Material requirements planning– Production control and capacity planning– Costing– Order information system– Shop floor information system
• Project system– Work breakdown structures– Network planning techniques,
milestones– Cost, revenue, financial, schedule, and
resource management– Earned value calculation– Project information system
SAP Logistik• Materials management
– Purchasing– Inventory management– Warehouse management– Invoice verification– Inventory controlling– Purchasing information system
• Quality management– Quality planning– Quality inspections– Quality control– Quality notifications and
certificates– Quality management information
system
• Plant maintenance– Structuring technical
systems– Maintenance resource
planning– Maintenance planning– System for technical and
cost accounting data– Maintenance information
system
SAP Logistik• Service management
– Customer installed base administration– Service contract management– Call management– Billing– Service information system
• Integration– When the clerk enters a sale, bills are generated
automatically (mail, fax, or EDI).– Sales and revenue are instantly updated in
financial and control modules.– The sales information system and EIS provide
various up-to-date views and reports.
SAP HRM (Human Resources management)
• Personnel management– HR master data– Personnel
administration– Information systems– Recruitment– Travel management– Benefits administration– Salary administration
• Organizational management– Organization structure– Staffing schedules– Job descriptions– Planning scenarios– Personnel cost
planning
• Payroll accounting– Gross/net accounting– History function– Dialog capability– Multi-currency
capability– International solutions
• Time management– Shift planning– Work schedules– Time recording– Absence
determination– Error handling
• Personnel development
– Career and succession planning
– Profile comparisons
– Qualifications assessments
– Additional training determination
– Training and event management
Design Team
Client HQConnecticut
Finance & Management Team
- Consulting HQ California
Design Projectorigination
Singapore Design Plans
Changes
Changes& Corrections
Problems &Suggestions
Costs & Budgets
Changes &Costs
Cost Analysis Cost targets& comments
Changes &Suggestions
MessageSupplierContact
Database
DesignProposals
SupplierContact
Database
MessageDesign
Proposals
CostAnalyses
1
2
3
4Message
Contoh Workgroup
Praktek :Menggunakan aplikasi Access untuk mengelola database
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