Master of Arts in Sanskrit
(MASK)
SK-01
Vedic Language and Literature
Block -02
Hymns from the Yajurveda and
Atharvaveda
UNIT- 1 YAJURVEDA-PURUSA SUKTA
UNIT-2 ATHARVAVEDA-RASTRABHIVARDHANA SUKTA
UNIT-3 ATHARVAVEDA-PRTHVI SUKTA
UNIT-4 ATHARVAVEDA-KALA SUKTA
MASK PROGRAMME
EXPERTS COMMITTEE
Prof. Prafulla Kumar Mishra, Former Vice-Chancellor, North Odisha University
Prof. Raghunath Panda , Retd. Prof, Utkal University
Prof. Gopal Krishna Dash, Retd. Prof. , Utkal University
Dr. Madhusudan Mishra, Controller of Exams , Sri Jagannath Sanskrit University, Puri
Dr. Harmohan Mishra , Reader ( Retd.)
Dr. Kadambini Dash , Reader in Sanskrit, SB Women’s College,
Dr. Debabrata Mohapatra , Sr . Lect. In Sanskrit, Emartidevi Women’s College,Cuttack
Dr. Nibedita Pati, Lecturer in Sanskrit , S.B Women’s College
CONVENOR
Dr. Dillip Kumar Nayak , Reader in Odia ,
Officer In Charge, Regional Centre, B.J.B Auto. College Bhubaneswar
COURSE WRITER
Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Mohapatra , Lecturter in Sanskrit , Rajdhani College , Bhubaneswar
PROGRAMME COORDINATOR
Dr. Sareeta Pujari , Senior Academic Consultant, OSOU , Sambalpur
Mr. Pratap Kumar Meher , Academic Consultant , Sanskrit , OSOU, Sambalpur
MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Dr. Manas Ranjan Pujari
Registrar Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur
© OSOU, 2019. History of Vedic Literature is made available
under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/4.0
Printed by :
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 1
UNIT – I YAJURVEDA – PURUSASUKTA
1.1 ZENERAL INTRODUCTION TO YAJURVEDA
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF PURUSA SUKTA
1.3 INTRODUCTION ON PURUSA SUKTA : RSI , CHSNDA ,
DEVATA AND VINIYOGA:SUBJECT MATTER OF PURUSA
SUKTA
1.4 EXPLANATION OF TRIAD OF MANTRA-S
1.5 MADEL QUESTIONS
1.6 FURTHER READING
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 2
UNIT – I YAJURVEDA - PURUSASUKTA
1.1. General Introduction to Yajurveda :
Yajurveda Samhita : The Yajurceda is colloection of yajus or
sacrificial formulae and mainly deals with Vedic rituals sacrifices and the
role of rituals in life. The yajus are defined as aniyataksaravasano yajus,
or gadyatmako yajuh or sese yajuh sabdah1 all of which refer to the
unique character of Yajurveda as consistig of prosaic portions.
According to Satapatha Brahmana2, the Yajurveda has two prominent
schools (i) Brahma samparaya and (ii) Aditya sampradaya. The Sukla-
Yajurveda is the representative of Adityasampradaya, and the Krsna-
Yajurveda is the representative of Brahma sampradaya.
The division of Yajurveda into two as Sukla and Krsnais due to the
compilation. While in Krsna-Yajurveda the mantras are along with the
Brahmana portion, Sukla-Yajurveda contains only the mantras; hence
the title Krsna, meaning mixture (of mantra and Brahmana).
There is bowever, a Puranic story regarding the division of Yajurveda.
This story is available in the introduction to Maludhara-Bhasya on Sukla-
Yajurveda’s Madhyanadina Sainhita. In the beginning, Satyavati’s son
Prasara Vyasa compiled the Vedic corpus and divided it into four
sections — RK, Yajus, Sama and Atharva, and taught them to Paila,
Vaisampayana, Jaimini and Sumantu. Vaisampayana taught Yajurveda to
Yajnavalkya and others. Once for some reason, Vaisampayana was
displeased with Yajnavalkya and ordered him to return the Veda taught
by him. As per the order of his guru, Yajnavalkya by his yogic power
gave a form to his knowledge and threw up. The other disciples of
Vaisampayana took the form of Titiri birds and swallowed it. Since then,
those yajus mantras are known as Krsna-Yajurveda. On the other hand,
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 3
Yajnavalkya performed deep penance and pleased Lord Sun. Satisfied
with his penance; Lord Sun took the form of vaji (horse) and taught him
yajus during non (madhyahna). Thus, the yajus received from Aditya was
known as Sukla - Yajus. Having received it during noon, it was known as
Madhyandina, and since taught by Aditya in the form of vaji,
Vajasaneyi, Sayanacarya has also accepted this contention. This is
validated in Satapatha Brahmana.3
Out of 101 sakhas of Yajurveda as declared by Patanjali, only six
sakhas are available now. The Sukla-Yajurveda has two extant sakhas,
(a) Kanva -Sakha and (b) Madhyandina-Sakha out of fifteen (i) Kanva,
(ii) Madhyandina, (iii) Sabiya, (iv) Sthapayaniya, (v) Kasara, (vi)
Paundaravasta, (vii) Avantika, (viii) Paramavatika, (iv) Parasarya, (x)
Vaidheya, (xi) Vaineya, (xii) Aakheya, (xiii) Vaijeya, (xiv) Galava, (xv)
baijava sakhas. The Krsna-Yajurveda has four extant Sakhas as
Taittiriya, Kathaka, Kapisthala, and Maitrayani out of 86 sakhas. The
Taittiriya Samhita is the most popular among Krasna-yajurveda
recensions.
Sukla - Yajurveda :
As stated above, there were 101 sakhas of Yajurveda, out of whch
Krasna-Yajurveda had 86, and Sukla-Yajurveda had 15 sakhas as per
mahabhasyakara Patanjali. However, currently only four sakhas of
Krsna and two sakhas of Sukla are available.
Sukla-yajurveda Samhita Sakhas :
As stated earlier, Sukla-Yajurveda is also known as Vajasaneyi Samhita.
In Saunaka’s Caranavyuha, Sayanacarya has given the names of the 15
sakhas — (i) Kanva, (ii) Madhyandina, (iii) Sabiya, (iv) Sthapayaniya,
(v) Kapala, (iv) Paundravatsa, (vii) Avatika, (viii) Paramavatika, (ix)
Parasarya, (x) Vaidheya, (xi) Vaineya, (xii) Audheya, (xiii) Galava, (xiv)
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 4
Vaijava, and (xv) Katyayaniya. The names do not exactly match with the
earlier list. Currently, only two sakhas of Sukla-Yajurveda are extant —
(i) Kanva - Sakha and (ii) Madhyandina-Sakha. These two Samhitas have
40 adhyayas each. Kanva and Madhyandina were the two principal
disciples.
KANVA SAMHITA
Kanva Samhita is pop0ular in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Kanva
Samhita contains 40 adhyayas, 328 anuvakas, 2,086 mantras, with many
repetitions of texts. Kanva Samhita is specially adopted and revered by
the Pancaratra Agama system of worship in the temples. Kanva Samhita
has been published by ‘Anandavana’ of Chennai, and Audh in
Maharashtra.
MADHYANDINA SAMHITA :
Madhyandina is popular mainly in the northern India. Its pronunciation s
audibly diffeent, i.e. sahasra-sirsa purusah is chanted as sahasra-sirkha
purukhah (sa-kha-yor abhedah) Madhyandina Samhita contains 1,975
mantras (111 mantras less tan Kanva Samhita).
Subject Matter of Sukla-Yajurveda :
An enumeration of the various topics that form the contents of Sukla-
yajurveda Samhita, or the Vajasaneyi Samhita Containing 40 adhyayas
(chapters) in both the recensions, will be useful as presenting an outline
of the entire srauta ritual.
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Chapters Topic
I. I-II.28 Darsa-Parnamasa ?(new and full-moon
sacrifices)
II.29-34 Pinda-Pitryajna (sacrifice to the manes)
III.1-8 Agnihotra and Punaradheya (establishment and
re-establishment of the fires)
III. 9-10 Agnihotra (fire-sacrifice) offered in the morning
and evening. III.35 Gayatri-mantra4
III.11-43 Agnyupasthana (homage to the fires, usually
performed at the evening fire-service only)
III.44-63 Caturmasyani (four-month or seasonal
sacrifices to be offered once every four months,
at the beginning of each of the three seasons;
spring, rains, and autumn).
III.60 is the Maha-mrtyunjaya-mantra.
IV.1-VIII.23 Somayaga sacrifices in general, which,
including the animal sacrifice as a part of it, has
many varieties, the Agnistoma being the most
typical of them. Different varieties of
Agnistomas are described in this section.
IX.1-34 Vajapeya (draught of strength)
IX.35-X.30 Rajasuya
M.31-34 Caraka-Sautramani
XI-XVIII Agnicayana
XVI Sri Rudra-Prasna
XVIII Camaka Prasna
XIX-XXI Sautramani-Yajnavidhana
XXII-XXV, Asvamedha
and XXIX XXII.9 — Gayatri-mantra
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XXVI-XXIX Khila-mantras
XXX Purusamedha XXX.2 — Gayatri-mantra
XXXI.1-22 Purusasuktam5
XXXII Sarvamedha-yajna
XXXIII.55- Anarabhyadhit
XXXIV.1-6
XXXIV.1-6 Siva-Samkalpa-Suktam/Upanisad
XXXIV.34-40 Bhagyasuktam6
XXV Pitrmedha
XXXVI- Pravargya-bhaga/Pravargya-agnikanda
XXXVIII XXXVI.3— is Gayatri-mantra
XXXIX All the 13 mantras relate to cremation.
XL Isavasyopanisad
Sukla-Yajurveda Samhita-Bhasya and English Translation :
On Sukla-Yajurveda Madhyandina Samhita, we have an old bhasaya by
Uvvata (eleventh century) and by Mahidhara (CE 1588). Mahidhara’s
Bhasaya is named Vedadipa. This bhasya is very lucid and simple and
has the incluence of Uvvata. SYVS with Uvvata and Mahidhara’s Bhasya
is published by MLBD and is available.
Sayana’s Bhasya is on Kanva Samhita.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF YAJURVEDA :
Vajasaneyi Samhita in Madhyandina and Kanva-Sakha with Mahidhara’s
Bhasya, edited by A. Weber, was reprinted in 1972, by the Chwkhamba
Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 7
R.T.H. Griffith has translated Yajurveda titled Hymns of the White
Yajurveda of Vajasaneyi-Samihita into English with a popular
commentary.
Significance of Purusa Suktam :
Purusa : the Person, embodied spirit, or Man personified an regarede as
the soul and original source of the universe, the personal and life-giving
principle in all animated beings, is said to have a thousand, that is,
innumerable, heads, eyes, and feet, as being one with all created life. In
the AV. version arms has been substituted for heads, to agree, apparently,
with the numbers of eyes and feet. A space ten fingers broad : The region
of the heart of man wherein the soul was supposed to reside. Although, s
the Universal Soul, Purusa pervades the universe, as the Individual Soul
he is enclosed in a space of narrow dimensions. Ch.AV.IV. 16.3 ‘The
loins of Varuna are both the oceans, and this small drop of water, too,
contains him; one of the recently discovered Logia or Sayings of Jesus is
to the same effect. ‘cleave the wood, and you will find me; lift the stone,
and I am there.’
RSI, CHAND, DEVATA :
(&men$eMeerCee& Fefle - <ees[Meemet&ÊkeÀced ~ Heg©<ees osJelee ~ veeje³eCed $eÝef<eë ~
DevegägHed ívoë ~ Devl³ee ef$eägHed ~ cees#es efJeefve³eesieë )
meb.Hee. men$eMeer<ee& Heg©<eë menñee#eë menm$eHeeled ~
me Yetefce efJeéelees Je=lJeel³eefleÿÎMee²§ueced ~~1~~
He.Hee. õ menñeçMeerCee& ~ Heg©<eë ~ menñeçDe#eë ~ menñeçHeeled ~
meë ~ Yetefceced ~ efJeéeleë ~ ce=lJee ~ Deefle ~ Deefleÿled ~ oMeçDe²§ueced ~~1~~
DevJe³e ö Heg©<eëmenñeMeer<ee& menñee#eë menñeHeeled ~ me Yetefceb efJeéeleë Je=lJee obMee²§ueced Deefle Deeflesdþled ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 8
MeyoeLe&õmenñeMeer<ee& = npeejeW efmej Jeeuee; Heg©<eë = Hejce Heg©<e; menñee#eë = npeeeW ves$eJeeuee; ñenñeHeeled
= npeejes HewjJeeuee; meë = Jen; Yetefceced = He=efLeJeer keÀes; efJeéeleë = ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes; Je=l³ee = J³eeHle keÀjkesÀ;
Deefle = DeefOekeÀ; Deefleÿled = efmLele nw; oMee²§ueced = oMe De*diegue HeefjceeCe ceW ~
GJeìYee<³e, cenerOej Yee<³e :
mebYee.ömeJe&ÒeeefCemeceefsdìªHees ye´ïeeC[osnes efJeje[eK³ees ³eë `Heg©<eë` meesç³eb `menñeMeer<ee&` ~
menñeMeyom³eesHeue#eCelJeeovevlewë efMejesefYe³eg&keÌleë mel³eLe&ë ~ ³eeefve meJe&ÒeeefCeveeb efMejeefme leeefve meJee&efCe
leodosnevleë HeeeflelJeeÊeoer³eev³esJesefve menñeMeer<e&lJeced ~ SJeb menñeeef#elJeb menñeHeeolJeb ®e ~ `me` H©©<eë Yetefceb
ye´ïeeC[ieesuekeÀªHeeb `efJeéeleë` meJe&leë `Je=l³ee` HeefjJes<ìîe `oMee²§ue` oMee²§efueHeefjefceleb osMeced `Del³eefleÿled`
Deefle¬eÀc³e J³eJeefmLeleë ~oMee²§ueefcel³egue#eCeced ~ye´ïeeC[eÜefnjefHe meJe&lees J³eeH³eeJeefmLele Fl³eLe&ë ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö HetCe& Heg©<e npeejeW efmej Jeeuee, npeejeW ves$eJeeuee leLee npeejeW HewjJeeuee nw ~ Jen He=efLeJeer (Deeefo
mecHetCe& ye´ïeeC[) keÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes J³eeHle keÀjkesÀ ome De²§ (HeefjceeCe ceW) DeefOekeÀ neskeÀj efmLele nw ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
Purusa has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet.
Pervading earth on every side he fills a space ten fingers broad. [The
ceremony is continued and concluded. The Brahman priest recites to the
assembled human victims the famous Purusa Hymn (verse 1.16), taken,
with transpositions and variations, from RV. X. 90 (AV. XIX. 6), which
celebrates the mystical immolation of Purusa, the origin of all creation,
of which the Purusamedha of Human Sacrifice is an emblematical
representation.]
efìHHeCeer ö menñeMeer<ee& ömenñeMeer<e&ved Meyo kesÀ Òe., S.Je. keÀe ªHe ~ ³eneb menñe Meyo DeveskeÀ kesÀ DeLe& ceW
Òe³egkeÌle nw ~ menñee#e-ye.Je´er.me.; DeHeJeeo ªHe ceW GÊejHeo keÀes GoeÊemJej ~ oMee²§uecedöoMee²§ue GHeue#eCe
nw ~ Fme ye´ïeeC[ ceW pees Yeer keÀesF& Jemleg nw Gmemes Heg©<e oMe De²§ue HeefjceeCe ceW DeefOekeÀ nw ~ Deefleÿledö mLee
`ieefleefveJe=Êeew`, ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 9
J³eekeÀjCeö
1. menÞeMeer<ee& - menñeb Meer<e&efCe ³em³e meë (yengJe´erefn) ~
2. menñee#eë ö menñeced De#eerefCe ³em³e meë (yeJegJe´erefn) ~
3. menñeHeeled ö menñeced Heeoeë ³em³e meë (yengJe´erefn) ~
4. Je=lJee ö Je= + ÊeJee (lJee) ~
5. oMee²§ueced ö oMeeveeced De²§ueerveeb meceenejë (efÜiegmeceeme) ~
6. Deefleÿled ö mLee ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. Heg©<e SJesob meJe¥ ³eÓtleb ³e®Je YeJ³eced ~
Gleece=lelJem³esMeevees ³eoVes veeeflejesnefle ~~2~~
He.Hee. ö Heg©<eë ~ SJe ~ Foced ~ meJe&ced ~ ³eled ~ Yetleced ~ ³eled~ ®e ~ YeJ³eced ~
Gle ~ Dece=leçlJem³e ~ F&Meeveë ~ ³eled ~ DeVesve ~ Deefleçjesnefle ~~2~~
DevJe³e ö Fob meJe¥ ³eled Yetleb ³eled ®e YeJ³eb (leled) Heg©<eë SJe ~ (meë)
Dece=lelJem³e F&Meeveë Gle ³eled DeVesve Deeflejesnefle (lem³eeefHe) ~
MeyoeLe& ö Heg©<eë Hejce Heg©<e; SJe ner; Foced ³en; meJe&ced mecHetCe&; ³eled pees; Yetleced nes ®egkeÀe nw;
³eled ®ees; ®e Deesj; YeJ³eced nesves Jeeuee nw; Gle Deewj; Dece=lelJem³e DecejlJe keÀe; F&Meeveë
mJeeceer; ³eled pees; DeVesve DeVe mes; Deeflejesnefle mece=× neslee nw ~
GJeì/cenerOejYee<ee ö
meb.Yee.ö `³eled Fob Jele&ceeveb peieled leled `meJe¥ `Heg©<e SJe` ~ `³eled ®e Yetleced` Deleerleb peieled `³e®®e` `YeJ³eb
YeefJe<³eppeieled leoefHe Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eLeeefmceved keÀuHes Jele&ceeveeë ÒeefCeosneë meJexçefHe efJejeìd Heg©<em³eeJe³eJeeë
leLewJeeleerleeieeefceveesjefHe keÀuHe³ees-ê&äJ³eefcel³eefYeÒee³eë ~ `Gle` DeefHe ®e `Dece=lelJem³e` osJelJem³e `F&Meeveë`
mJeeceer ~ `³eled ³emceelkeÀejCeeled `DeVesve` ÒeeefCeveeb Yeesi³esveeVesve efveefceÊeYetlesve `Deeflejesnefle` mJekeÀer³eeb
keÀejCeeJemLeeceefle¬eÀc³e Heefjo=M³eceeveeb peieoJemLeeb ÒeeHveesefle lemceelÒeeefCeveeb keÀce&HeÀue-Yeesiee³e
peieoJemLeemJeerkeÀejeVesob lem³e JemleglJeefcel³eLe&ë ~
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efnvoer DevegJeeo ö ³en meye, pees nes ie³ee nw leLee pees nesiee, Heg©<e ner nw ~ Dewej Jen DecejlJe keÀe mJeeceer nw leLee pees
DeVe mes mece=× neslee nw (GmekeÀe Yeer) ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
Purusa is in truth this All, what has been and what yet shall be;
Lord too, of immortality which waxes greater still by food.
[ The second line is variously explained. The meaning of the words
seems to be : he is lord of immortality or the immortal world of the Gods,
which grows greater by food, that is , by the sacrifical offerings of men.
According to Sayana: he is the lord or distributer of imortality because he
becomes the visible world in order that living beings may obtain the
fruits of their actions and gain moksa or final liberation from their bonds;
‘he is also the lord of immortality; for he mounts beyond (his own
condition) for the food (of living beings).’ Wilson. Colebroke translates
the line : ‘he is that which grows by nourishment, and he is the distributer
of immortality.’ Muir renders it by: ‘He is also the lord of immortality
since by food he expands.’ According to the paraphrase in the Bhagavata
Purana, the meaning of the last clause is; ‘since he has transcended
mortal nutriment.’ Prof. Ludwig’s version is: ‘auch uber die
unsterblichkeit gebietend, [daer,] was durch speise ]ist,] weit berragt,
ruling also over immortality, [since he] far transcends what [exists]
through food; but in his Commentary a somewhat different explanation is
given. ‘Ruling over immortality, he was all that grows by food.’
Peterson.]
efìHHeCeer öF&Meeveë ö F&Me `Sée³es` + Meeve®ed ~ Deeflejesnefle ö Deefle + ©n `ÒeeogYee&Jes, DeejesnCes` ueìd, Òe.Heg;
S.Je; ³eled Heo mes mecye× nesves kesÀ keÀejCe ef¬eÀ³eeHeo GoeÊe³egkeÌle nw ~ GHemeie& kesÀ meeLe GoeÊe³egkeÌle ef¬eÀ³ee keÀe
meceeme nesves Hej GHemeie& meJee&vegoeÊe neslee nw ~ DeVesveeeflejesnefle ö Fme ®eieled ceW pees keÀesF& ÒeeCeercee$e nw Jen DeVe mes
ner ÒeJe=oo neslee nw, FmeefueS Gmes `DeVeeo’ keÀne peelee nw ~ Jen ye´ïeeC[ªHeer Hegjer ceW efveJeeme keÀjvesJeeuee
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 11
Hejceséej peneb Dece=lelJe keÀe DeLee&led osJeeW keÀe Meemeve keÀjves Jeeuees nw, Jeneb DeVe mes ÒeJe=× nesves Jeeues ÒeefCecee$e keÀe
Yeer MeemekeÀ nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. YeJ³eced - Yet + ³eled (³e) ~ F&Meeveë = F&Me + Meeve®ed ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eve ~
2. Deeflejesnefle - Deefle ©nd + ueìd, ÒeLece Heg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. SleeJeevem³e ceefnceelees p³ee³eeB½e Heg©<eë ~
Heeoesçm³e efJeéee Yetleeefve ef$eHeeom³eece=leb efoefJe ~~3~~
He.Hee. ö SleeJeeved ~ Dem³e ~ ceefncee ~ Deleë ~ p³ee³eeved ~ ®e ~ Hegg©<eë ~
Heeoë ~ Dem³e ~ efJeéee ~ Yetleeefve ~ ef$eçHeeled ~ Dem³e ~ Dece=leced ~ efoefJe ~~3~~
DevJe³e öSleeJeeved Dem³e ceefncee, Deleë p³ee³eeved ®e Heg©<eë~ Dem³e Heeoë efJeéee Yetleeefve, Dem³e ef$eHeeled Dece=leb
efoefJe ~
MeyoeLe& ö SleeJeeved = Fleveer; Dem³e = GmekeÀer; ceefncee = Ssée³e&; Deleë = Gmemes Yeer; p³ee³eeved = ye{keÀj; ®e
= Deewj; Heg©<eë = Hejce Heg©<e; Heeoë = SkeÀ ®eewLeeF& DebMe; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; efJeéee = mecHetCe&&; Yetleeefve =
ÒeeCeer; ef$eHeeled = leerve ®elegLee¥Me; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; Dece=leced = Decej ueeskeÀ; efoefJe = ÐegueeskeÀ ceW~
meb.Yee. ö DeleerleeveeieleJeCe&ceeveªHeb peieod ³eeJeoefmle `SleeJeeved` meJeexçefHe `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e ceefncee
mJekeÀer³emeeceL³e&efJeMes<eë~ ve leg lem³e JeemleJemJeªHeced~ JeemleJemleg `Heg©<eë` `Deleë` ceefncveesçefHe `p³ee³eeved`
DeefleMe³esveeefOekeÀë ~ Sle®®eesYe³eb mHeäeref¬eÀ³eles ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e `efJeéee`meJee&efCe `Yetleeefve` keÀeue$e³eJeleeaefve
ÒeefCepeeleeefve `Heeoë` ®elegLeXçMeë ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e DeJeefMeäb `ef$eHeebled mJeªHeced `Dece=leb`~ efJeveeMejefnleb meled
efoefJe ÐeesleveelcekesÀ mJeÒekeÀeMemJeªHes J³eJeefleÿle Fefle Mes<eë~ ³eÐeefHe `mel³eb %eevecevevleb ye´ïe` (lew.Dee.8.2;
lew.G. 2.1) Fl³eecveelem³e Hejye´ïeCe F³eÊeeYeeJeeled Heeo®elegä³eb efveªHeef³elegceMeke̳eb leLeeefHe peieefoob
ye´ïemJeªHeeHes#e³eeuHeefceefle efJeJeef#elelJeeled HeeolJeesHev³eemeë ~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 12
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Fleveer GmekeÀer ceefncee nw; Deewj Gmemes Yeer ye[e Heg©<e nw ~ GmekesÀ SkeÀ ®elegLee¥Me ceW mecHetCe& ueeskeÀ
nw; FmekeÀe leerve ®elegLee¥Me, pees Decej ueeskeÀ nw, Jen ÐegueeskeÀ ceW nw ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
So mighty i his grandeur; yea, greater than this is Purusa;
All creatures are one fourth of him, three fourths eternal life in heaven.
[Eternal life: amrtam: immortality, or the immortal Gods.]
efìHHeCeer ö SleeJeevem³e ö Jeso ceW ö Deeved Heoevle Jeeues Heo kesÀ yeeo ³eefo keÀesF& mJejeefo Heo Deelee ns lees
HetJe&Heoevleer³e ved keÀe ueesHe nes peelee nw leLee HetJe&Jeleer mJej meevegveeefmekeÀ nes peelee nw ~ efkeÀvleg ³eneb Ssmee veneR ngDee
nw ~ ³en metkeÌle HetJe&ceC[ueeW mes veJeerve nw Fmeefue³es ueesefkeÀkeÀ mebefOe efve³ece keÀe ³eneb DevegmejCe efJeKeeF& He[lee nw ~
Het©<eë ö Heg©<e Heo kesÀ ÒeLece JeCe& keÀe oerIe& ªHe Yeer Jeso ceW efJeuelee nw ~ p³ee³eeved ö `Je=×` SJeb `ÒeMem³e` Heo keÀe
F&³emegved leLee Fÿved Òel³e³e kesÀ ³eesie ³es `p³ee` DeeosMe neslee nw pewmes Je=×öÒeMem³e + F&³ee megved = p³ee³eeved p³esÿ ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. SleeJeeved ö Sleled + JelegHed (Heled) ~
2. p³ee³eeved ö p³ee (ÒeMem³e ³ee ye=×) + F&³emegved ~
3. efJeéee efJeée Meyo, veHegbmekeÀefuebie ÒeLecee yengJe®eve keÀe JewefokeÀ ªHe ~ ueewefkeÀkeÀ mebmke=Àle ceW efJeéeeefve ªHe
yevelee nw ~
meb.Hee. ef$eHeeotOJe& GowlHeg©<eë Heeoesçm³esneYeJeled Hegveë ~
lelees efJe<Je* J³es¬eÀecelmeeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~~4~~
He.Hee. ö $eçHeeled ~ TOJe&ë ~ Gled~ Ssled~ Heg©<eë~Heeoë~ Dem³e~ Fn~ DeYeJeled~ Hegveefjefle~~
leleë~ efJe<Je*d~ efJe~ De¬eÀeceled~ meeMeveeveMeves Fefle~ DeefYe ~~4~~
DevJe³e ö ef$eHeeled Heg©<eë TOJe&ë God Ssled; Dem³e Heeoë Hegveë Fn DeYeJeled ~ leleë efJe<Je*d meeMeveeveMeves DeefYe efJe
De¬eÀeceled ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 13
MeyoeLe& ö ef$eHeeled = leerve ®elegLee¥Me kesÀ meeLe; TOJe&ë = THej; Gled = THej; Ssled = ®eueeie³ee; Heg©<eë =
Hejce Heg©: Heeoë = SkeÀ ®elegLee¥Me; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; Fn = ³eneb; DeYeJeled = jn ie³ee; Hegveë =
efHeÀj; leleë = Gmemes; efJe<Je*d = ®eejeW lejHeÀ; efJe De¬eÀeceled = HewÀuee³ee; meeMeveeveMeves = Keeves Jeeues
leLee ve Keeves Jeeues; DeLee&led ®esleve leLee De®esleve; DeefYe = ®eejeW lejHeÀ ~
meb.Yee. ö ³eesç³eb `ef$eHeeled Heg©<eë` mebmeejjefnlees ye´ïemJeªHeë meesç³eced `TOJe& `Towled`
Demceeo%eevekeÀe³ee&lmebmeeje×efnYet&leesç$el³ewYet&Ceoes<ewjmHe=ä GlkeÀ<exCe efmLeleJeeved~ lem³e `Dem³e` meesç³eb
`Heeoë` uesMeë meesç³eced Fn cee³ee³eeb `Hegveë DeYeJeled me=efsdìmebnejeY³eeb Hegveë Hegvejeie®íefle~ Dem³e meJe&m³e
peieleë HejceelceuesMelJeb YeieJeleeH³egÊkebÀced ö`efJeäY³eenefceob ke=ÀlmveceskeÀebMesve efmLelees peieled
(Ye.ieer.10.42) Fefle~ `leleë` cee³ee³eeceeiel³eevevlejb `efJe<Je*d osJeceveg<³eefle³e&ieeefoªHesCe efJeefJeOeë meved
`J³e¬eÀeceled J³eeHleJeeved~ efkebÀ ke=ÀlJee `meeMeveeveMeves` DeefYeue#³e~ meeMeveb YeespeveeefoJ³eJenejesnHesleb pesleveb
ÒeeefCepeeleced, DeveMeveb leÜefnlece®esleveb efieefjveÐeeefokeÀced~ leogYe³eb ³eLee m³eeÊeLee mJe³ecesJe efJeefJeOees YetlJee
J³eeHleJeeefvel³eLe&ë ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo öleerve- ®elegLee¥Me kesÀ meeLe Heg©<e THej ®euee ie³ee; efHeÀj Yeer SkeÀ®egLee¥Me ³eneR Hej jne ie³ee~
Fmemes Gmeves DeHeves keÀes KeevesJeeues ®esleve leLee ve KeevesJeeues De®esleve (ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ ªHe ceW) meYeer ªHeeW ceW
®eejeW lejHeÀ HewÀuee³ee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
With three fourths Purusa rose up: one fourth of him again was here.
Thence he moved forth to every side over what eats not and what eats.
[Over what cats not and what eats; over animate and inanimate creation.
According to Sayana and Mahidhara, over both classes of created things,
those capable of enjoyment, that is, who can taste the reward and
punishment of good and evil actions, such as Gods, men, and lower
animals, and those who are incapable thereof, such as mountains and
rivers cetanam, or conscious, acetanam, or unconscious, creation]
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 14
efìHHeCeer ö Ssledö FCed `ieleew`, ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; Hegveë - Hegveë Heo keÀe jsHeÀ ³eefo mebefnlee Heeþ ceW mHeä veneR
efoKeeF& He[lee, efJemeie& ªHe ceW ner jnlee nw, lees GmekesÀ meeLe HeoHeeþ keÀjles mece³e FeflekeÀjCe neslee nw~
^¬eÀeceled ö ¬eÀce `HeeoefJe#esHes`; ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe
meeMeveeveMeves ö ÜvÜ meceeme; Heoeveòleer³e SkeÀej efÜJe®eveevle nesves mes Òeie=ïe meb%ekeÀ nw, Fmeefue³es HeoHeeþ ceW
FeflekeÀjCe ngDee nw ~ ÜvÜ meceeme ceW HeoeW kesÀ yeer®e HeoHeeþ ceW DeJeûen veneR Deelee ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. Gowled ö Gled +F, ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
2. J³e¬eÀeceled - efJe + ¬eÀced, ue*d, ceO³eceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
3. meeMeveeMeves - DeMed ȳegì; DeMevesve meefnleced meeMeveced, DeMevesve jefnleced DeveMeveced, meeMeveced ®e DeveMeveced,
®esefle (ÜvÜ meceeme) ~
meb.Hee.ö lemceeefÜjeUpee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë ~
me peelees Del³eefj®³ele He½eeÓtefceceLees Hegjë ~~5~~
He.Hee. ö lemceelet~ efJeçjeod~ Depee³ele~ efJeçjepeë~ DeefOe~ Heg©<eë ~~
meë~ peeleë~ Deefle~ Deefj®³ele~ He½eeled~ Yetefceced~ DeLees Fefle~ Hegjë ~~5~~
DevJe³e ö lemceeled efJeje*d Depee³ele, efJejepeë DeefOe Heg©<eë (Depee³ele)~
meë peeleë (SJe) Deefle Deefj®³ele; He½eeled Yetefceced DeLees Hegjë (memepe&)~
MeyoeLe&ö lemceeled + Gme ®elegLee&Me mes; efJejeìd + Hejce Heg©<e mes GlHeVe ÒeLece leÊJe; Depee³ele + GlHeVe ngDee;
efJejepeë + efJejeìd veecekeÀ ÒeLece leÊJe mes; DeefOe + Jeeo ceW; Heg©<eë + peerJeelcee kesÀ ªHe ceW Heg©<e; meë +
Jen; peeleë + GlHeVe nesles ner; Deefle Deefj®³ele + (osJe ceveg<³e Deeefo ªHe ceW efJejeì mes) Deueie keÀj
efue³ee; He½eeled + FmekesÀ yeeo; Yetefceced + He=efLeJeer; DeLees + FmekesÀ yeeo; Hegjë + peerJelcee kesÀ efue³es
Mejerj ~
meb.Yee. öefJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀeceefoefle ³eogkeÌleb leosJee$e ÒeHeáed³eles ~ `lemceeled DeeefoHeg©<eeled `efJejeìd` ye´ïeeC[osnë
`Depee³eleë GlHevleë ~ efJeefJeOeeefve jepevles Jemletv³e$esefle efJejeìd~ `efJejepeesçefOe` efJeje[dosnm³eesHeefj lecesJe
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 15
osnceefOekeÀjCeb ke=ÀlJee `Heg©<eë` leodosne-efYeceeveer keÀef½eled Hegceeved Depee³ele~ meesç³eb meJe&JesoevleJesÐeë
Hejceelcee mJe³ecesJe mJekeÀer³e³ee cee³e³ee efJeje[dosnb ye´ïeeC[ªHeb me=ädJee le$e peerJeªHesCe ÒeefJeM³e
ye´ïeeC[efYeceeveer osJeleelcee peerJesçYeJeled~ Sle®®eeLeJe&efCekeÀe GÊejleeHeveer³es efJemHeäceeceveefvleö `me Jee S<e
Yetleeveerefvê³eeefCe efJejepeb osJeleeë keÀesMeeb½e me=ädJee ÒeefJeM³eecet{es cet{ SJe J³eJenjVeemles cee³e³ewJe` (ve=.lee.
2.1.9) Fefle ~ me peeleë efJejeìd Heg©<eë peerJeelcee `Del³eefj®³ele` DeefleefjkeÌleesçYetled~ efJeje[dJ³eeefleefjkeÌlees
osJeefle³e&[dceveg<³eeefoªHeesçYetled ~ `HeM®eeled osJeeefopeerJeYeeJeeotOJe& Yetefceb memepeexefle Mes<eë ~ `DeLees
Yetefceme=äsjvevlejb les<eeb peerJeeveeb `Hegjë` Fmepe¥ ~ Het³e&vles meHleefYeOee&legefYeefjefle Hegjë MejerjeefCe ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme (®elegLee¥Me) mes efJejeìd GHleVe ngDee; efJejeìd mes (peerJeelcee kesÀªHeceW) Heg©<e (GlHeVe
ngDee); GlHeVe nesles ner Gmeves (DeHeves keÀes osJe ceveg<³e Deeefo ªHeeW ceW efJejeìd) mes Deueie keÀj efue³ee ~
FmekesÀ yeeo He=efLeJeer keÀes (GlHeVe efkeÀ³ee); FmekesÀ yeeo (peerJeelcee kesÀ efueS) Mejerj (keÀe efvecee&Ce efkeÀ³ee)~
efìHHeCeer ö efJejeìd ö efJejeìme=efä Òeef¬eÀ³ee keÀer Gme DeJemLee keÀe met®ekeÀ nw peye m$eer-Heg©<e oesveeW leÊJe efceefÞele
Les ~ De®ee³eledö pee `peveves Deelceves; ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je., meJee&vetoeÊe ~ Deefj®³eleö efj®ed
`efJe³eespevemebHeke&À³eesë` keÀce&Jee®³e, Deelceves., ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je. ~ DeLeesö DeLe efveHeele kesÀ meeLe G keÀer
mebefOe mes pees DeeskeÀej neslee nw Jen Òeie=ïe neslee nw, HeoHeeþ ceW GmekesÀ meeLe FeflekeÀjCe neslee nw ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
From him Viraj was born; again Purusa from Viraj was born. When
born, he spread to west and east beyond the boundaries of earth.
[From him: or, from that, the ‘one-fourth’ mentioned in stanzas 3 and
4.Viraj, or, in the nominative fro, Viraj, is said to have come, in the form
of the mundane egg, from Adi-Purusa, the primeval Purusa, or presiding
Male or Spirit, ‘who then entered into this egg, which he animates as its
vital soul or divine principle.’ Or Viraj may, ‘be the female counterpart
of Purusa as Aditi of Daksa in X. 72. 4, 5.’ See Muir’s exhaustive Note
on this passage, O.S. Texts, V. pp. 369, 370; and Wallis, Cosmology of
the Rgveda,p.87]
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 16
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. efJejeìd - efJe + jeped + efkeÌJeHed; oes mJejeW kesÀ ceO³e ces efmLele [d keÀes ued nes ie³ee nw ~
2. Depee³ele - peved + ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
3. Del³eefj®³ele -Deefle + efj®ed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee.- ³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJee ³e%ecelevJele ~
Jemevlees Dem³eemeeroep³eb ûeer<ce FOceë Mej×efJeë ~~6~~
He.Hee. ö ³eled~ Heg©<esCe~ nefJe<ee~ osJeeë~ ³e%eced~ DelevJele~~
Jemevleë~ Dem³e~ Deemeerled~ Deep³eced~ ûeer<ceë~ FOceë Mejled~ nefJeë~~6~~
DevJe³e öosJee ³eled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee ³e%eced DelevJele~ Dem³e (³e%em³e) Deep³eb Jemevleë Deemeerled, FOceë ûeer<ceë
(Deemeerled), nefJeë (®e) Mejod (Deemeerled)~
MeyoeLe& - ³eled peye; Heg©<esCe Heg©<eªHe; nefJe<ee nefJeë mes; osJeeë osJeleeDeeW ves; ³e%eeced ³e%ekeÀes;
DelevJele mecHeVe efkeÀ³ee; Jemevleë Jemevle $eÝleg; Dem³e GmekeÀe; Deemeerled Lee; Deep³eced Ieer;
ûeer<ce ûeer<ce $eÝleg; FOceë FvOeve; Mejled Mejod $eÝleg; nefJeë nefJeê&J³e ~
meb.Yee.ö`³eled ³eoe HetJeexkeÌle¬eÀcesCewJe Mejerjs<etdlHeVes<eg melmeg `osJeeë` GÊejme=efäefme×d³eLe¥ yeeïeêJ³em³eeveglHeVelJesve
nefJejvlejemebYeJeeled Heg©<emJeªHecesJe cevemee nefJeädJesve mebkeÀuH³e `Heg©<esCe` Heg©<eeK³esve `nefJe<ee` ceevemeb
`³e%eced` `DevevJele` DevJeefleÿved, leoeveerced `Dem³e` ³e%em³e `Jemevleë` Jemevleleg&jsJe `Deep³eced` `Deep³eced`
`Deemeerled DeYetled ~ lecesJeep³elJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fl³eLe&ë~ SJeb `ûeer<ce` `FOceë` Deemeerled ~ lecesJesOcelJesve
mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fl³eLe&ë~ leLee `MejOoefJeë` Deemeerled ~ leecesJe Hegjes[eMeeefonefJeädJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle
Fl³eLe&ë~ HetJe¥ Heg©<em³e nefJeë meeceev³eªHelJesve mebkeÀuHeë~ Devevlejb Jemevleeoerveeceep³ee-efoefJeMes<eªHelJesve
mebkeÀuHe Fefle êäJ³eced ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeoö osJeleeDeeW ves peye Heg©<eªHe (ceeveme) nefJeê&J³e mes ³e%e efkeÀ³ee, (Gme mece³e) Jemevle ($eÝleg) Fme
(³e%e) keÀer Ieer Leer, ûeer<ce ($eÝleg ner) FmekeÀer meefceOee Leer Deewj Mejled ($eÝleg ner) FmekeÀer nefJeë Leer~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 17
efìHHeCeer ö DelevJele - leveg `efJemleejs`, Deelceves, ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; ³eled Heo mes mecyevO nesves kesÀ keÀejCe
ef¬eÀ³eeHeo GoeÊe³egkeÌle ~ pe%ecedöFme cev$e ceW efpeme ³e%e keÀe GuuesKe efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw Jen me=efä³e%e nw pees
efvejvlej ÒeJenceeve nw ~ Jemevle $eÝg Fme me=efä-³e%e keÀe Deep³e nw, ûeer<ce $eÝleg meefceOee nw leLee Mejod $eÝleg
nefJeë êJ³e nw ~ Fmeer Meeéele ³e%e mes He=efLeJeer Hej efYeVe-efYeVe JevemHeefle³eeB leLee peerJe GlHeVe nesles jnles nQ ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
When Gods performed the samskara Purusa, Spring was the butter,
Autumn the oblation, Summer ws the wood.*
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. DelevJeled ö leved (efJemleej keÀjvee) ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. ö meb ³e%eb yeefn&ef<e Òeew#eved Heg©<eb peeleceûeleë ~
lesve osJee De³epevle meeO³ee $eÝ<e³e½e ³ees ~~7~~
He.Hee. ö leced ~ ³e%eced ~ yeefn&ef<e ~ Òe ~ Deew#eved ~ Heg©<eced ~ peeleced ~ Deûeleë ~~
lesve ~ osyeeë ~ De³epevle ~ meeO³eeë ~ $eÝ<e³eë ~ ®e ~ ³es ~~7~~
DevJe³e ö leled Deûeleë peeleb ³e%eb Heg©<eb (osJeeë) yeefn&ef<e Òe Deew#eved ~
osJeeë meeO³eeë ³es $eÝ<e³e½e Deemeved (les meJex) lesve (Heg©<esCe) De³epevle ~
MeyoeLe& ö leced = Gme; ³e%eced = ³epeveer³e keÀes; yeefn&ef<e = kegÀee Hej; Òe Deew#eved = peue mes DeefYe<eskeÀ keÀje³ee;
Heg©<eced = Heg©<e keÀes; peeleced = GlHeVe; Deûeleë = meJe& ÒeLece; lesve = Gmemes; osJeeë = osJeleeDeeW ves;
De³epevle = ³e%e efkeÀ³ee, meeO³eeë = ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efä-keÀlee&DeeW ves; $eÝ<e³eë = $eÝef<e³eeW ves; ®e =
Deewj; ³es = pees ~
meb.Yee. ö `³e%eb ³e%emeeOeveYetleb `leb` `Heg©<eb` HeMeglJeYeeJeve³ee ³etHes ye×b yeefn&ef<e ceevemes ³e%es `Òeew#eved
Òeesef#eleJevleë ~ keÀer¢Meefcel³e$een ~ `Deûeleë` meJe&me=äsë HetJe¥ `Heg©<eb` `peeleb` Heg©<elJesveeslHeVeced ~ Sle®®e
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 18
ÒeeiesJeeskeÌleb `lemceeefÜjeuepee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë` Fefle ~ `lesve` Heg©<eªHesCe HeMegvee `osJee`
`De³epevle`~ ceeveme³eeieb efve<HeeefoleJevle Fl³eLe&ë ~ kesÀ les osJee Fl³e$een ~ `meeO³eeë` me=efämeeOeve³eesi³eeë
ÒepeeHeefleÒeYe=le³eë leovegketÀueeë `$eÝ<e³eë` cev$eêäejë `®e` `³es meefvle ~ les meJexçH³e³epevlesl³eLe&ë ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme meyemes Hevenues GlHeVe ³epeveer³e Heg©<e keÀes osJeleeDeeW ves HeefJe$e kegÀMee Hej ( jKe keÀj)
Òees#ej efkeÀ³ee ~ Gme (Heg©<eHeMeg) mes osJeleeDeeW ves, ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efäkeÀÊee&DeeW ves, leLee pees $eÝef<e Les
GvneWves ³e%e efkeÀ³ee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
They initiated into yajna the Purusa born in earliest time. Sadhyas and
Rsis initiated him into various jobs.*
[Sadhyas: see XXIV. 27; XXiX. 11; XXX. 15]
efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW Heg©<e keÀe ner yeefn&³eeW kesÀ THej Òees#eCe keÀjkesÀ Gmes nefJeë ªHe ceW meceefHe&le keÀjves keÀe
GuuesKe nw ~ Fme me=efä³e%e ceW pees kegÀí GlHeVe nes jne nw, GmekeÀe yeerpe Heg©<e ner nw ~ Gmeer keÀe efJemleej
DeveskeÀ peerJeeW JevemHeefle³eeW Deeefo kesÀ ªHe ceW nes jne nw ~ Heg©<eªHe yeerpe mes pees GlHeVe nes jne nw, Jen Gmeer
keÀe ªHe nw ~ Fme ³e%e kesÀ keÀÊee& osJe, meeO³eosJe leLee $eÝef<e nQ ~ ³eneb osJe, meeO³e leLee $eÝef<e keÀesF& HeeefLe&Je
ÒeeCeer ve neskeÀj me=efä kesÀ cetueYetle leÊJe ner nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. Òeesw#eved - Òe De#ed (efí[keÀvee) ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
2. De³epevle - ³eped ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
meb.Hee.- lemceeÐe%eeled meJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~
HeMetved leeB½e¬esÀ Jee³eJ³eeveejC³eeved ûeec³ee½e ³es ~~8~~
He.Hee.ö lemceeled ~ ³e%eeled ~ meJe&çngleë ~ mecedçYe=leced ~ He=<eledçDeep³eced ~~
HeMetved ~ leeved ~ ®e¬esÀ ~ Jee³eJ³eeved ~ DeejC³eeved ~ ûeec³eeë ~ ®e ~ ³es ~~8~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 19
DevJe³eö lemceeled meJe&ngleë ³e%eeled He=<eoep³eb mebYe=leced ~ (lemceeled mebYe=leeled (He=<eoe-p³eeled) Jee³eJ³eeved DeejC³eeved
HeMetved ³es ®e ûeec³eeë leeled ®e¬esÀ ~
MeyoeLe& - lemceeled = Gme; ³e%eeled = ³e%emes; meJe&ngleë = efpemeceW meJe&ªHeelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve ngDee Lee;
mebYe=leced = FkeÀìdþe efkeÀ³ee ie³ee; He=<eoep³eced = oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le; HeMetved = HeMegDeeW keÀes; leeved = Gve;
®e¬esÀ = GlHeVe efkeÀ³ee; Jee³eJ³eeved = DeekeÀeMe ceW jnves Jeeues; DeejC³eeved = pebieue ceW jnves Jeeues; ûeec³eeë
= ûeeceeW ceW jnves Jeeues; ®e = Deewj; ³es = pees Les ~
meb.Yee. - `meJe&ngleë` ~ meJee&lcekeÀëHeg©<eë ³eefmceved ³e%es nt³eles meesç³eb meJe&ngled ~ lee¢Meeled `lemceeled` HetJeexÊkeÀeled
ceevemeeled `³e%eeled` He=<eoep³eb oefOeefceÞeceep³eb `mebYe=leb mebHeeefoleced ~ oefOe ®eep³eb ®esl³esJeceeefoYeesi³epeeleb meJe¥
mebHeeefoleefcel³eLe&ë ~ leLee `Jee³eJ³eeved` Jee³egosJeleekeÀeBuueeskeÀÒeefme×eved ` DeejC³eeved `HeMetved `®e¬esÀ`
GlHeeefoleJeeved ~ DeejC³ee nefjCeeo³eë ~ leLee `³es ®e ûeec³eeë ieJeeéeeo³eë leeveefHe ®e¬esÀ ~
HeMetveecevleefj#eÜeje Jee³egosJel³elJeb ³epegye´e&ïeCes meceecvee³elesö`Jee³eJeë mLesle³een Jee³egJee&
Deevleefj#em³eeO³e#eeë ~ Devleefj#eosJel³eeë Keueg Jew HeMeJeë ~ Jee³eJe SJewveevHeefjooeefle` (lew.ye´e.
3.2.1.3) Fefle ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme ³e%e mes efpemeieW meJe&ªHeelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve ngDee Lee, oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le FkeÀìdþe efkeÀ³ee
ie³ee ~ (Gme SkeÀef$ele oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le mes Gme Heg©<e ves) DeekeÀeMe ceW jnves Jeeues (Heef#e³eeW), pebieue ceW
jnves Jeeues leLee ieeJeeW ceW jnves Jeeues pees HeMeg Les GvekeÀes GlHeVe efkeÀ³ee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
From that Sarvahut sacrifice the butter mixed with curd was gatherd up.
He (or it) created these creatures of the air, of the forests and those of the
villages.
efJeHHeCeer - meJe&ngleë ö ³eneb Hej meJe&ngled Meyo keÀe DeefYeÒee³e nw meyekeÀer meye ceW Deengefle, ³ee meyekegÀí efpemeceW ngle
nes jne nw ~ Gme Hejceséej ªHe ³e%e ceW meyekeÀer Deengefle nes jner nw ~ Fme peieled ceW keÀesF& Ssmee HeoeLe& veneR
pees Meeéele nes pevce-cejCe, GlHeefÊe SJeb efJeveeMe meyekeÀe nes jne nw ~ ³ener Meeéele Òeef¬eÀ³ee nw ~
He=<eoep³ecedö Fme me=efä³e%e ceW oefOe Deewj Deep³e kesÀ cesue mes pees kegÀí êJ³e yeve jne nw, Jen He=<eoep³e
keÀnueelee nw, Jen Fme peieled keÀe GHeeoeve keÀejCe nw ~ Gmeer mes meYeer HeMegDeeW keÀe ®eenW Jes ûeec³e neW ³ee
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 20
DeejC³e neW, GvekeÀer GlHeefÊe nes jner nw ~ efpeleves Yeer HeMeg nw, Jes meYeer Jee³eJ³e keÀnueeles nw, Jee³egosJeleekeÀ
nw ~ ®e¬esÀ- ke=À `keÀjCes`, Deelceves., Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe ~
J³eekeÀjCeö
1. meJe&ngleë ö meJe¥ nt³eles ³eefmceved; lemceeled, meJe& nt efkeÌJeHed, Heáeceer SkeÀJe®eve ~
2. He=<eoep³eced ö He=<ed Mele= He=<ele ®e leod Deep³eced ®e (keÀce&OeejCe) ~
3. mecYe=leced - meced Ye= ÊkeÀ ~
4. Jee³eJ³eeved - Jee³eg ³eled, efÜleer³ee yengJe®eve ~
5. DeejC³eeved - DejC³e DeCed, efÜleer³ee yengJe®eve ~
6. ûeec³eeë - ûeece ³eled, ÒeLecee yengJe®eve ~
7. ®e¬esÀ - ke=À efueìd, DeelcevesHeo ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. -lemceeÐe%eeled meJe&ngle $eÝ®eë meeceeefve peef%ejs ~
ívobeefme peef%ejs lemceeÐepegmlemceeopee³ele ~~9~~
He.Hee. - lemceeled ~ ³e%eeled ~ meJe&çngleë ~ $eÝ®eë ~ meeceeefve ~ peef%ejs ~~
ívobeefme ~ peef%ejs ~ lemceeled ~ ³epegë ~ lemceeled ~ Depee³ele ~~9~~
DevJe³e ö lemceeled meJe&ngleë ³e%eeled $eÝ®eë meeceeefve (®e) peef%ejs; lemceeled ívobeefme peef%ejs; lemceeled ³epegë
Depee³ele ~
MeyoeLe& ö lemceeled = Gme; ³e%eeled = ³e%e mes; meJe&ngleë = Gme ³e%e mes efpemeceW meJe&ªHelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve
ngDee Lee; $eÝ®eë = $$eÝ®ee³eW; meeceeefve = meeceved; ívoebefme = iee³e$³eeefo ívo; peef%ejs = GlHeVe ng³es;
lemceeled = Gmemes; ³epegë = ³epeg<ed; lemceeled = Gmemes; Depee³ele = GlHeVe ngDee ~
meb.Yee.ö`meJe&ngleë` `lemceeled HetJeexÊkeÀeled `³e%eeled $eÝ®eë `meeceeefve` ®e `peef%ejs` GlHeVeeë ~ `lemceeled ³e%eeled
`ívoebefme` iee³e$³eeoerefve `peef%ejs` ~ `lemceeled ³e%eeled `³epegë` DeefHe `Depee³ele` ~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 21
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes $eÝpee³eW leLee meece GlHeVe ng³es; Gmemes æ(iee³e$³eeefo) ívo GlHeVe ng³esë
Gmemes ³epeg<ed GlHeVe ngDee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
From that great General Sacrifice Rcas and Sama hymns were born :
Therefrom were spells and charms produced; the yajus has its birth from
it.,
[Rcas: verses of praise and prayer for recitation. Sama hymns : psalms
for chanting. Spells and charms : magical incantations; probably those of
the later collection of the Atharvaveda. the Yajus: the Collection of
Sacrificial formulas.]
efìHHeCeerö Fme cev$e ceW Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes $eÝkedÀ, ³epeg<ed, meece leLee ívo Yeer GlHeVe nes jns nQ ~ ³eneb $eÝkedÀ Deeefo
HeoeW keÀe Jen DeLe& DeefYeÒesle veneR, efpeme DeLe& ceW FvekeÀe J³eJenej Òe®eefuele nw ~ Heeoye×elcekeÀ j®evee $eÝkedÀ
nw, ieÐeelcekeÀ j®evee ³epeg<e nw, ies³eelcekeÀ cev$e meece nw ~ ³eneb $eÝkedÀ keÀe DeLe& cetefle&ceeved DeekeÀej, ³epeg<e keÀe
DeLe& ieefleceeved, meece keÀe DeLe& DeekeÀej keÀer meercee leLee ívoebefme keÀe DeLe& me=efä keÀe Òel³eskeÀ HeoeLe& ~ ³eneb ³es
meYeer meJe&ngled ³e%e mes GlHeVe nes jns nQ ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. peef%ejs ö peved (GlHeVe nesvee) efueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
2. Depee³ele - peved ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. - lemceeoéee Depee³evle ³es kesÀ peesYe³eeoleë ~
ieeJees n peef%ejs lemceeled lemceep³eelee DepeeJe³eë ~~10~~
He.Hee. ö lemceeled ~ Deéeeë ~ Depee³evle ~ ³es ~ kesÀ ~ ®e ~ GYe³eeoleë ~~ieeJeë ~
n ~ peef%ejs ~ lemceeled ~ lemceeled ~ peeleeë ~ DepeeJe³eë ~~10~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 22
DevJe³e ö lemceeled Deéeeë ³es kesÀ ®e GYe³eeoleë Depee³evle; lemceeled n ieeJeë peef%ejs, lemceeled DepeeJe³eë peeleeë ~
MeyoeLe& ö lemceeled = Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes; Deéeeë = Iees[s; Depee³evle = GlHeVe ng³es; ³es = pees; kesÀ = keÀesF&; ®e
= Deewj; GYe³eeoleë = oesveeW lejHeÀ oeble Jeeues; ieeJeë = iee³es; n = efveef½ele DeLe& keÀe Jee®ekeÀ efveHeele;
peef%ejs = GlHeVe ngF&; lemceeled = Gmemes; peeleeë = GlHeVe ngF&; DepeeJe³eë = yekeÀefj³ee@ leLee YeW[W ~
me.Yee. - `lemceeled HetJeexkeÌleeÐe%eeled `Deéeeë` GlHeVeeë ~ leLee `³es kesÀ ®e` DeéeJ³eefleefjkeÌleeë ieo&Yeeë Deéeleje½e
`GYe³eeoleë` TOJee&OeesYeeie³ees-©Ye³eesë ovle³egkeÌleeë meefvle lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee `lemceeled ³e%eeled `ieeJeë`
®e `®eef%ejs` efkebÀ®e `lemceeled ³e%eeled `DepeeJe³eë` ®e `peeleeë` ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - Gme (meJe&ngled ³e%e) mes Deée GlHeVe ng³es leLee Jes meYeer pees oesveeW lejHeÀ oebleJeeues nQ ~ Gmemes iee³eW
GlHeVe ngF¥; Gmemes yekeÀefj³eeb leLee Yes[s (Hewoe ngF¥) ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
From it were horses born, from it all cattle with two rows of teeth :
From it were generated kine, from it were goats and sheep produced.
efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW Gme meJe&ngle ³e%e mes Deée leLee Jes meYeer HeMeg pees oesveeW lejHeÀ oeble Jeeues nQ, iee³eW leLee Yes[
yekeÀefj³eeb nw, GvekeÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ Deée ÒeeCe nw, pees GYe³eeoÊeë DeLee&led veer®es THej ®euelee
jnlee nw ~ ieeJeë Jes Hees<ekeÀ leÊJe nQ pees meyekeÀe Hees<eCe keÀjleer nw ~ Goeve-Jee³eg Depee nw, pees meoe THej
keÀer Deesj ®euelee nw, Yes[ DeHeeve-Jee³eg nw pees meoe veer®es keÀer Deesj ÒeJeeefnle neslee nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. Depee³evle ö peved ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
2. GYe³eeoleë ö GYe³eesë ovleeë ³es<eeb les (yengJe´erefnmeceeme) ~
3. peef%ejs ö peved efueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
4. DepeeJe³eë ö Deepe½e DeJe³e½e (ÜvÜmeceeme) ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 23
meb.Hee. ³elHegª<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eved ~
cegKeb efkeÀcem³e keÀew yeent keÀe Tª Heeoe G®³esles ~~11~~
He.Hee. ö ³eled ~ Heg©<eced ~ efJe ~ DeoOegë ~ keÀefleOee ~ efJe ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ~~
cegKeced ~ efkeÀced ~ Dem³e ~ keÀew ~ yeent Fefle ~ keÀew ~ Tª Fefle ~ Heeoew ~ G®³esles Fefle ~~11~~
DevJe³e ö (osJebeë) ³eled Heg©<eb efJe DeoOegë keÀefleOee efJe DekeÀuHe³eved ? Dem³e cegKeb efkeÀced ? keÀew yeent ? keÀe Tª ?
(keÀew) Heeoew G®³esles ?
MeyoeLe& - ³eled = peye, Heg©<eced = Hejce Heg©<e keÀes; efJe DeoOegë = efJeYekeÀle efkeÀ³ee; cegKeced = cegKe; efkeÀced =
ke̳ee Lee; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; keÀew = keÀewve; yeent = oes Yetpee³eW Leea; keÀew = keÀewve; Tª = oesveeW pebIee³eW;
Heeoew = oesveeW Hewj; G®³esles = keÀns peeles nQ ?
meb.Yee.ö ÒeMveesÊejªHesCe ye´eïeCeeefome=efäb JekeÌlegb ye´ïeJeeefoveeb ÒeMvee G®³evles ~ ÒepeeHelesë ÒeeCeªHee osJeeë `³eled
³eoe `Heg©<eb` efJeje[åHeb `J³eoOegë` mebkeÀuHesveeslHeeefoleJeevleë leoeveeR `keÀefleOee` keÀefleefYeë ÒekeÀejwë
`J³ekeÌHe³eved efJeefJeOeb keÀefuHeleJevleë ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e `cegKeb` `efkeÀced Deemeerled ~ `keÀew` `yeent` DeYetleeced
`keÀe` `Tª` ~ keÀew ®e `HeeoeJeg®³esles ~ ÒeLeceb meeceev³eªHeë ÒeMveë He½eeled cegKeb efkeÀefcel³eeefovee
efJeMes<eefJe<e³eeë ÒeMveeë ~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö peye (osJeleeDeeW ves) Heg©<e keÀes efJeYekeÌle efkeÀ³ee (Gme mece³e GmekesÀ) efkeÀleves Yeeie efkeÀ³es ?
GmekeÀe cegKe ke̳ee Lee ? (GmekeÀer) oesveeW Yegpee³eW ke̳ee LeeR ? (GmekeÀer) oesveeW pebIee³eW ke̳ee LeeR ? (GmekesÀ)
oesveeW Hewj ke̳ee keÀns peeles nQ ?
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
When they initiated Purusa how many portions did they make ?
What was his mouth ?What were his arms ? What are the names of thighs
and feet ?
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 24
efìHHeCeer ö J³eoOegë:ö efJe Oee `OeejCesn`, ue*d, Òe.Heg., ye.Je; ³eled Heo mes mecye× nesves kesÀ keÀejCe
meJee&vegoeÊe ve neskeÀj GoeÊe³egkeÌle nw ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ö keÌue=Hed `keÀuHevee-³eeced` ue*d, Òe.Heg. ye.Je.,
meJee&vegoeÊe ~ Heoevleer³e SkeÀej efÜJe®eveevle nesves kesÀ keÀejCe Òeie=¿e nw ~ Fmeefue³es HeoeHeeþ ceW FeflekeÀjCe ~
Tª- GkeÀej efÜJe®eveevle nesves mes Òeie=¿e meb%ekeÀ nw, DeleSJe HeoHeeþ ceW FeflekeÀjCe ~ Fme cev$e ceW meJe&ngled
Heg©<e keÀer GlHeefÊe leLee GvekesÀ mJeªHeefJe<e³ekeÀ ÒeMveeW kesÀ Üeje efJe%eemee J³ekeÌle keÀer ieF& nw, efpemekeÀe GÊej
Deieues cev$e ceW efo³ee ie³ee nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. J³eoOegë - efJe Oee ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
2. J³ekeÀuHe³eved - efJe keÌue=Hed efCe®ed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
3. G®³eles - yet æ(Je®ed), keÀce&Jeep³e, ueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e efÜJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. ye´eïejesçm³e cegKeceemeerÜent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~
Tª leom³e ³eÜwM³eë HeÓd³eeb Metêes Depee³ele ~~12~~
He.Hee. ö ye´eïeCeë ~ Dem³e ~ cegKeced ~ Deemeerled ~ yeent Fefle ~ jepevleë ~ ke=Àleë ~~
Tª Fefle ~ leled ~ Dem³e ~ ³eled ~ JesM³esë ~ HeledçY³eeced ~ Metêë ~ Depee³ele ~~12~~
DevJe³e ö Dem³e cegKeb ye´eïeCeë Deemeerled, jepev³eë yeent ke=Àleë, ³eled JewM³eë leled Dem³e Tª, Metêë HeodY³eeced
Depee³ele ~
MeyoeLe& ö ye´eïeCeë ye´eïeCe, Dem³e GmekeÀe; cegKeced cegKe; Deemeerled Lee; yeent oes Yetpee³eW;
jepev³eë #eef$e³e; ke=Àleë yevee; Tª oesveeW pebIee³eW; leled Gvemes; GmekeÀer; ³eled pees LeeR; lewM³eë
JewM³e; He×d³eeced oesveeW HewjeW mes; Metêë Metê; Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee ~
meb.Yee.öFoeveea HetJeexkeÌleeveeb ÒeMveeveecegÊejeefCe oMe&³eefle ~ `Dem³e` ÒepeeHelesë
`ye´eïeCeë` ye´eïeCelJepeeefleefJeefMeäë Heg©<eë `cegKeceemeerled cegKeogHleVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ ³eesç³eb `jepev³eë`
#eef$e³elJepeeefleceeved Heg©<eë meë `yeent ke=Àleë` yeenglJesve efve<Heeefoleë ~ yeengY³eeceglHeeefole Fl³eLe&ë ~ `leled`
leoeveerced `gm³e` ÒepeeHelesë `³eled ³eesw `Tª` leêtHeë `JewM³eë` mebHeVeë ~ T©Y³eeceglHeVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ leLeeçm³e
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 25
`HeÓd³eeb` HeeoeY³eeb `Metêë` MetêlJepeeefleceeved Heg©<eë `Depee³ele` ~ F³eb ®e cegKeeefoY³ees
ye´eïeCeeoerveeceglHeefÊe³e&pegë mebefnlee³eeb meHlecekeÀeC[ `me cegKeleefm$eJe=æleb efvejefceceerle` (lew,meb. 7.1.1.4)
Fl³eeoew efJemHeä-ceecveelee ~ Deleë ÒeMveesÊejs GYes DeefHe lelHejle³ewJe ³eespeveer³es ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö ye´ïeCe GmekeÀe cegKe Lee, oesvees YegpeeDeeW mes #eef$e³e ngDee; GmekeÀer pees pebIee³eW Leea Gvemes JewM³e
ngDee; (GmekesÀ) oesveeW HewjeW mes Metê GHleVe ngDee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
The Purusa was Brahmana from his mouth, he was made Rajanya
from his arms. From his thighs, he became the Vaisya, from his feet
he was produced as the Sudra.
efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW ye´eïeCe keÀes meJe&ngled Heg©<e keÀe cegKe, jepev³e keÀes GmekeÀer Yegpee³es, JewM³e keÀes GmekeÀer
pebIee³eW leLee oesveeW HewjeW keÀes Metê yevee³ee ie³ee nw ~ efpeme ÒekeÀej cegKe-yeeng-pebIee³eW leLee nwj J³eeefkeÌle kesÀ
mecHetCe& Mejerj keÀer megefmLeefle keÀe GuuesKe keÀjles nQ, Gmeer ÒekeÀej DeO³eeHeve, j#ee, DeLeexHeepe&ve leLee
keÀce&mecHeeove keÀer #ecelee ªHe meceûe ceeveJe peeefle kesÀ ³eLeeÒeke=Àefle ®elegOee& J³eJemee³e keÀe mebkesÀle keÀjles nw ~
FveceW mes efkeÀmeer Yeer SkeÀ kesÀ DeYeeJe ceW ³ee GmekesÀ mJemLe mJeªHe ceW ve ieesves mes J³eefkeÌle, meceepe, jeä^ SJeb
efJeéekeÀer ieefle ©keÀ mekeÀleer nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. Deemeerled - Demed efue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. ®evocee cevemees peele½e#eesë met³exe Depee³ele ~
cegKeeefovê½eeefive½e ÒeeCeeÜe³egjpee³ele ~~13~~
He.Hee. ö ®evêceeë ~ cevemeë ~ peeleë ~ ®e#eesë ~ met³e&ë ~ Depee³ele ~~
cegKeeled ~ Fvêë ~ ®e ~ Deefiveë ~ ®e ~ ÒeeCeeled ~ Jee³egë ~ Depee³ele ~~13~~
DevJe³e ö cevemeë ®evêcee peeleë, ®e#eesë met³e&ë Depee³ele; cegKeefovê½e Deefive½e ÒeeCeeod Jee³egë Depee³ele ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 26
MeyoeLe& ö ®evêcee : ®evêcee; cevemeë ceve me; peeleë GlHeVe ngDee; ®e#eesë DeeBKe mes; met³e&ë ³et³e&;
Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee; cegKeeled cegKe mes; Fvêë Fvê; ®e Deewj; Deefiveë Deefive; ®e Deewj;
ÒeeCeeled ÒeeCe mes; Jee³egë nJee; Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee ~
meb.Yee. ö ³eLee oO³eep³eeefoêJ³eeefCe ieJeeo³eë HeMeJe $eÝieeefoJesoe ye´eïeCeeo³ees ceveg<³ee½e lemceeoglHeVee SJeb
®evêeo³ees osJee DeefHe lemceeosJeeslHeVee Fl³een ~ ÒepeeHelesë `cevemeë` mekeÀeMeeled `®evêceeë` `peeleë ~
`®e#eesë` ®e ®e#eg<eë `met³e&ë` DeefHe `Depee³ele` ~ Dem³e `cegKeeefovê½eeefive½e` osJeeJeglHeVeew ~ Dem³e
`ÒeeCeeÜe³egjpee³ele` ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö (Gme Heg©<e kesÀ) ceve mes ®evêcee GlHeVe ngDee; (GmekeÀer) DeeBKe mes met³e& GlHeVe ngDee ~ (GmekesÀ)
cegkeÀ mes Fvê Deewj Deefive (GlHeVe ng³es); (GmekeÀer) éeebme mes Jee³eg GlHeVe ngDee ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
He was born as the Moon from his mind, and sun from his eyes; As
Vayu and Prana from his ear, and from his mouth as Agni.
efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW meJe&ngled Heg©<e Hejceséej kesÀ ner ceve mes ®evêcee keÀer GlHeefÊe, DeeBKe mes met³e& keÀer GlHeefÊe, cegKe
mes Fvê leLee Deefive keÀer GlHeefÊe leLee ÒeeCe mes Jee³eg keÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ ®evêcee ner ceve keÀe
DeefOeÿelee nw, met³e& DeeBKeeW keÀer p³eesefle keÀe DeefOeÿelee nw, Fvê Deewj Deefive cegKe kesÀ DeefOeÿelee nQ ~ Deefive
GHeosMe kesÀ Üeje leLee Fvê DeHeveer j#ee kesÀ Üeje meyekeÀer efmLeefle keÀes yevee³es jKeles nQ ~
meb.Hee. veeY³ee Deemeerovleefj#eb Meer<Ceex Ðeewë meceJele&le ~
HeYod³eeb Yetefceefo&Meë #ees$eeÊeLee ueeskeÀeB DekeÀuHe³eved ~~14~~
He.Hee. ö veeY³eeë ~ Deemeerled ~ Devleefj#eced ~ Meer<Ce&ë ~ Ðeewë ~ meced ~ DeJele&le ~ HeledçY³eeced ~ Yetefceë ~ efoMeë ~
Þees$eeled ~ leLee ~ ueeskeÀeved ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ~~14~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 27
DevJe³e ö veeY³eeë Devleefj#eced Deemeerled, Meer<Ce&ë Ðeewë meced DeJele&le, HeodY³eeb Yetefceë, Þees$eeled efoMeë leLee ueeskeÀeved
DekeÀuHe³eved ~
MeyoeLe& ö veeY³eeë = veeefYe mes; Demeerled = GlHeVe ngDee Lee; Devleefj#eced = Devleefj#eueeskeÀë; Meer<Ce&ë = efMej
mes; Ðeewë = ÐegueeskeÀ; meceJele&le = GlHeVe ngDee; HeodY³eeced = oesveeW HewjeW mes; Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer; efoMeë =
efoMee³eW; Þees$eeled = keÀeve mes; leLee = Fmeer ÒekeÀej; ueeskeÀeved = ueeskeÀeW keÀer; DekeÀuHe³eved = me=efä keÀer ~
meb.Yee.ö ³eLee ®evoeoerved ÒepeeHelesce&veëÒeYe=efleY³eesçkeÀuHe³eved `leLee` Devleefj#eeoerved `ueeskeÀeved` ÒepeeHelesë
veeY³eeefoY³ees osJeeë `DekeÀuHe³eved` GlHeeefoleJevleë ~ SleosJe oMe&³eefle ~ `veeY³eeë` ÒepeeHelesiee&Yesë
`Devleefj#eceemeerled` ~ `Meer<Ce&ë` efMejmeë `Ðeewë` `meceJele&le` GlHeVee ~ Dem³e `ve×d³eeb` HeeoeY³eeb `Yetefceë`
GlHeVee ~ Dem³e `Þees$eeled` `efoMeë` GlHeVeeë ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö (GmekeÀer) veeefYe mes Devleefj#e (GlHeVe ngDee) Lee; efMej mes DeekeÀeMe GdHeVe ngDee; oesveeW HewjeW mes
He=efLeJeer, keÀeve mes efoMee³eW ~ Fmeer ÒekeÀej meYeer ueeskeÀeW keÀer me=efä (osJeleeDeeW ves) keÀer ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
From his navel he ws midspace; he was the sky from his head;
Earth from his feet, and from his ear the Quarters. Thus they
classified the body of Purusa.
[Cf. The creation-myth of the world-giant Ymir in Old Northern
poetry. The hills are his bones, the sky his skull, the sea his blood,
and the clouds his brains. See Corpus Poeticum Boreale, II. 468]
efìHHeCeer ö meme cev$e ceW Devleefj#e keÀes ner Heg©<e keÀer veeefYe, efMej mes Ðeew keÀer GlHeefÊe, Hewj mes Yetefce keÀer GlHeefÊe leLee
keÀeveeW mes efoeeDeeW keÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ Fme ÒekeÀej mecHetCe& ueeskeÀ meJe&ngled Heg©<e keÀe ner efJejeìd ªHe
nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. meceJele&le ö meced Je=led ue*d, ÒeLece Heg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 28
2. DekeÀuHe³eved- keÌue=Hed (yeveevee, efvecee&Ce keÀjvee) ue*d, ÒeLece Heg©<e yengJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. meHleem³eemeved HeefjOe³eefm$eë meHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~
osJee ³eÐe%eb levJeevee DeyeOveved Heg©<eb HeMegced ~~15~~
Hee.Hee. ö meHle ~ Dem³e ~ Deemeved ~ HeefjçOe³eë ~ ef$eë ~ meHle ~ mecedçFOeë ~ ke=Àleeë ~ osJeeë ~ ³eled ~ ³e%eced ~
levJeeveeë ~ DeyeOveved ~ Heg©<eced ~ HeMegced ~~15~~
DevJe³e ö Dem³e (³e%em³e) meHle HeefjOe³eë Deemeved, ef$eë meHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë, ³eled ³e%eb levJeeveeë osJeeë Heg©<eb
HeMegced DeyeOveved ~
MeyoeLe& ö meHle meele; Dem³e = GmekeÀer; DeeSved = LeeR; HeefjOe³eë = HeefjefOe³eeb; ef$eëmeHle = FkeÌkeÀerme; meefceOeë
= meefceOee³es; ke=Àleeë = yeveeF& ieF& Leer; osJeeë = osJeleeDeesB ves; ³eled = efpeme mece³e; ³e%eced = ³e%e;
levJeeveeë = mecHeVe keÀjles ng³es; DeyeOveved = yeebOee Lee; Heg©<eced = Hejce Heg©<e keÀes; HeMegced = HeMeg kesÀ ªHe
ceW ~
meb.Yeeö `Dem³e` meebkeÀefuHekeÀ³e%em³e iee³e$³eeoerefve `meHle` ívoebefme `HeefjOe³eë` `Deemeved ~ SsefäkeÀm³eenJeveer³em³e
$e³eë HeefjOe³e GÊejJesefokeÀem$e³e Deeefol³e½e meHleceë HeefjefOeÒeefleefveefOetHeë ~ Dele SJeecvee³eves `ve
HegjmleelHeefj oOeel³eeefol³ees ïesJeesÐeved Heg©mleeê#eebm³eHenefvle` (lew.meb. 2.6.6.3) Fle ~ lele Sle
Deeefol³emeefnleeë meHle HeefjOe³eesç$e meHle ívoesªHeeë ~ leLee `meefceOeë` `ef$eë meHle`
ef$eiegCeerke=ÀlemeHlemebK³eekeÀeë SkeÀefJebMeefleë `ke=Àleeë` ~ ÜeoMe ceemeeë Heáele&Jem$e³e Fces ueeskeÀe DemeeJeeefol³e
SkeÀefJebMeë` (lew.meb. 5.1.10.3) Fefle ]gleeë HeoeLee& SkeÀefJebMeefleoe©³egkeÌlesOcelJesve YeeefJeleeë ~ `³eled ³eë
Heg©Kees Jewjepeesçefmle leb `Heg©<eb` osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë `³e%eb ³eë Heg©<ees Jewjepeesçeefmle leb `Heg©<eb`
osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë `³e%eb `levJeeveeë` ceevemeb ³e%eb levJeeveeë kegÀJee&Ceeë `HeMegced `DeyeOveved
efJejeìdHeg©<ecesJe HeMeglJesve YeeefJeleJevleë ~ SleosJeeefYeÒesl³e HetJe&$e `³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee` Fl³egkeÌleced ~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo ö GmekeÀer meele HeefjefOe³eeb LeeR; FkeÌkeÀerme meefceOee³eW yeveeF& ieF& LeeR, efpeme mece³e ³e%e keÀjles ng³es
osJeleeDeeW ves Heg©<e-HeMeg keÀes yeebOee Lee ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 29
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
Then seven were his enclosing-sticks, his kindling-brands were
three times seven, When Gods, performed the samstkara of Purusa.
[Enclosing-sticks : See II. 3. Kindling-brands : See II. 4. Sayana
explains paridhayah here as the seven sacred metres, or as six
shallow trenches dug round the fire and an imaginary one round the
Sun. According to Mahidhara, the twenty-one kindling-brands are
the twelve months, five seasons, the three worlds of earth, air, and
heaven, and the Sun.
efìHHeCeer ö efJejeìd Heg©<e keÀe efpelevee efJemleej nw, Jen SkeÀ ÒekeÀej mes mecHetCe& ³e%e keÀe efJemleej nw ~ Gme ³e%eefkeÀ
meele HeefjefOe³eeb yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ HeefjefOe ³e%ekeÀer Jesoer keÀer meerceeDeeW keÀes keÀnles nQ; meele ueeskeÀ ner meele
HeefjefOe³eeb nQ ~ Fmeer keÀer Devegke=Àefle Hej Ssef<ìkeÀ Jesefo kesÀ DeenJeveer³e keÀer leerve HeefjefOe³eeb, GÊejJesefo keÀer leerve
HeefjefOe³eeb leLee Deeefol³e meHlece HeefjefOe ªHe ceW nQ ~ mebJelmej kesÀ 12 cenerves, 5 $eÝleg³eW, ³es 3 ueeskeÀ leLee
Deeefol³e ³es ner ³e%e keÀer 21 meefceOee³eW nw ~ ye´eïeCeûevLeeW ceW Fve ÒeleerkeÀeW keÀe YetefjMeë GuuesKe nw ~
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. levJeeveeë ö leved Meeve®ed, ÒeLecee, yengJe®eve ~
2. DeyeOveved ö yevOed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
meb.Hee. ³e%esve ³e%ece³epevle osJeemleeefve Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceev³eemeved ~
lesn veekebÀ ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvle osJeeë ~~16~~
He.Hee.ö ³e%esve ~ ³e%eced ~ De³epevle ~ osJeeë ~ leeefve ~ Oecee&efCe ~ ÒeLeceeefve ~ Deemeved ~ les ~ n ~ veekeÀced ~
ceefnceeveë ~ me®evle ~ ³e$e ~ HetJex ~ meeO³eeë ~ meefvle ~ osJeeë ~~16~~
DevJe³e ö osJeeë ³e%esve ³e%eced De³epevle ~ leeefve ÒeLeceeefve Oecee&efCe Deemeved ~
les n ceefnceeveë veekebÀ me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë osJeeë (®e) meefvle ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 30
MeyoeLe& ö ³e%esve ³e%e mes; ³e%eced ³e%eHeg©<e keÀe; De³epevle ³epeve efkeÀ³ee; osJeeë osJeleeDeeW ves; leeefve
Jesner; Oecee&efCe Oece&; ÒeLeceeefve meJe&ÒeLece; Deemeved Les; les Gve ueesieeW ves; n efveef½ele DeLe& keÀe
Jee®ekeÀ SkeÀ efveHeele; veekeÀced mJeie& keÀes; ceefnceeveë Hetpeves Jeeues; me®evle ÒeeHle efkeÀ³es; ³e$e peneb
Hej; HetJex Hegjeves; meeO³eeë ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efä keÀÊee&DeeW keÀe Jeie&; meefvle Jeeme keÀjles nwB; osJeeë
osJelee ~
meb.Yee.ö HetJe¥ ÒeHe_JesveeskeÌleceLe¥ mebef#eH³ee$e oMe&³eefle ~ `osJeeë` ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCeªHeeë `³e%esve` ³eLeeskeÌlesve ceevemesve
mebkeÀuHesve `³e%eb Òeefme×eefve Oecee&efCe peieêtHeefJekeÀejeCeeb OeejkeÀeefCe `ÒeLeceeefve` cegK³eeefve `Deemeved ~
SleeJelee me=efäÒeefleHeeokeÀmetkeÌleYeeieeLe&ë mebie=nerleë DeLeesHeemevelekeÌHeÀueevegJeeokeÀYeeieeLe&ë mebie=¿eles ~ `³e$e`
³eefmceved efJejeìdÒeeefHleªHes veekesÀ `HetJex `meeO³eeë` Hegjelevee efJeje[gHeeefmlemeeOekeÀeë `osJeeë meefvle` efleÿefvle
leled veekebÀ efJejeìd-ÒeeefHleªHeb mJeie¥ `les` `ceefnceeveë`leogHeemekeÀe cenelceeveë `me®evle` meceJe³eefvle
ÒeeHvegJeefvle ~~
efnefvo DevegJeeo ö ³e%e mes osJeleeDeeW ves ³e%e-Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve efkeÀ³ee; Jes ner meJe&ÒeLece (me=efä³e%eªHe) Oece& Les ~ Gve
³epeve keÀjvesJeeueeW ves mJeie& keÀes ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee, peneb Hej me=efä keÀjves ceW meceLe& ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo Hegjeves
osJeleeDeeW keÀe Jeie& leLee osJeieCe Jeeme keÀjles nQ ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :
Gods, sacrificing, initiated the Purasa into the Vedas : these were
the earliest holy ordinances. The Mighty Ones attained the height of
heaven, there where the Sadhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling.
efìHHeCeer ö ³e%e mes ner ³e%e keÀe ³epeve ³en JewefokeÀ $eÝef<e³eeW keÀer DeodYegle ¢efä nw ~ FmeceW mecHetCe& ye´ïeeC[ meceeefnle
nw ~ ³es OejCe keÀjves Jeeues ÒeLece leÊJe Les Deewj Deeies Yeer jnWies ~ peye lekeÀ ³en ³e%e ®euelee jnsiee leye lekeÀ
³en ye´ïeeC[ jnsiee, ³ee ³ees keÀnW efkeÀ peye lekeÀ ³en ye´ïeeC[ jnsiee leye lekeÀ ³en Meeéele ³e%e efvejvlej
ÒeJenceeve jnsiee ~ Fme DeodYegle meH³e keÀer DevegYetefle JewefokeÀ $eÝef<e³eeW ves keÀer Leer ~ Dee®ee³e& JeeOetue ves Fme
cev$e keÀer J³eeK³ee ceW `leeefve Oecee&efCe` keÀer J³eeK³ee keÀjles ngS ³en yelee³ee nw efkeÀ ye´ïeeC[ keÀes OeejCe keÀjves
Jeeues Deeþ leÊJe-He=efLeJeer, Devleefj#e, ÐegueeskeÀ leLee cenë ueeskeÀ (³ee meesceueeskeÀ) leLee Fve ®eej ueeskeÀeW kesÀ
DeefOeÿe$eer osJelee Deefive, Jee³eg, Deeefol³e Deewj Je©Ce nQ ~ ³es ner Deeþ cev$e ceW `ceefnceeveë` keÀns ie³es nw
(JeeOetue-4.6.2-3)
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 31
J³eekeÀjCe ö
1. Depe³evle - ³eped ue*d, DeelcevesHeo, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~
2. me®evle ö me®ed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve, JewefokeÀ ªHe; Oeeleg kesÀ HetJe&Jeleea `De` keÀe ueesHe nes ie³ee
nw ~
UNIT – II – ATHARVAVEDA – RASTRAVHIVARDHANA SUKTA
Atharvaveda
Introduction
The importance of Atharvaveda Saàhitä lies in the very fact that it
is an invaluable source of knowledge of the popular belief, of the
faith in numberless spirits, imps, ghosts, and demons of every
kind, and of the witchcraft, so eminently important to ethnology
and for the history of religion. In short, it is a very valuable store of
our ancient folklore. Atharvaveda contains materials from the
Ågveda. Scholars opine that it was written down much later than
the other three Vedas, perhaps around 600 BCE; although it may
have been composed much earlier, say around 1000 BCE.
Veda-trayé and the Atharvaveda
There is considerable scope for dispute regarding the claim of the
Atharvaveda to be counted as a Veda at all. With regard to the
designation of the Vedas as trayi (triad, i.e. Ågveda, Yajurveda
and Sämaveda), and the eligibility of the Atharvaveda for inclusion
among the Vedas, it is interesting to observe the divided views of
the scholars on the issue.
According to one view, the Atharvaveda, which contains spells of
all possible kinds against many diseases, enemies, etc.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 32
represented the religion of the masses, in contrast to the other
Vedas relating to cosmic worship representing the religion of the
classes.
Another view explains the purpose of the three Vedas and the
Atharvaveda, to be respectively the attainment of the desired
objects, and the warding off the evils. It takes the omission of the
Atharvaveda at places where trayé is mentioned, as being due to
want of propriety of reference, and not due to its inferiority or
supposed non-Vedic character, since a large number of highly
philosophical hymns occur in this Veda also, besides its sharing
many hymns in common with the Ågveda.
The comments of Lakshman Sarup in his The Nighaëtu and Tae
Nirukta are worth citing here —
For a considerable time, the Atharvaveda was not recognised as
divine revelation. For the followers of Atharvaveda, it was therefore
necessary to demonstrate the superiority of their own Veda to the
Ågveda, the Sämaveda and the Yajurveda. Perhaps, the most
effective means employed for the achievement of this object, was
to invent legends and allegorical stories,, in which all the four
Vedas are introduced, and in which a certain task is proposed for
them. The ÅV, the SV, and the YV, are invariably shown to be
incompetent in its performance, and it is given up as too difficult by
the three Vedas in succession, being finally accomplished by the
AV, whose superiority over the other three Vedas is thus implicitly
expressed. I quote the following two stories from the Gopatha
Brähmaëa in support of my statement, tän väg-abhyuväca . . .
açänto nu-ayam açva iti.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 33
Sarup continues,
It need hardly be said that the efforts of the followers of the
Atharvaveda were crowned with success, for, in course of time,
the AV, was recognised as one of the revealed scriptures. But their
method of discrediting the other Vedas gave rise to a movement of
enquiry and scepticism - a movement, the traces of which can still
be discovered in isolated passages of the Äraëyakas and the
Upaniñads. Besides the fact that the anti-Vedic ideas have been
preserved in the Aranyakas and the Upanisads, which according
to orthodox tradition are a part of the scriptures, indicates that the
movement must have been important and widespread, so much so
that even some of the Vedic scholars came under its influence,
and freely gave expression to their heterodox views, some of
which have survived.
Even in Indian literature, three Vedas and four Vedas are
mentioned side by side. The literature connected with sacrifices
recognises only three Vedas. Jaimini in his Mémäàsä-Sütras
defines only the Ågveda, the Yajurveda, and the Sämaveda,
ignoring the Atharvaveda, which has no place in the sacrifices. In a
sacrifice, there are four kinds of priests, the Hotä, connected with
the Ågveda, the Adhvaryu, connected with the Yajurveda; the
Udgätä, connected with the Sämaveda; and Brahmä, who
supervises the whole sacrifice. The priest Brahmä is sometimes
connected with the Atharvaveda. This relation is not natural; it is
only an attempt at an equation. It may be said that while the
Atharvaveda represents the Indian philosophy and religion that
runs parallel to the current represented by the other Vedas; it is
also tire earlier stage of a current that culminated in the Ägama
and Tantra literature.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 34
Rajbali Pandey writes,
Considering its popular character, Ridgeway concludes that it is
not a record of Äryan religion, but represents the beliefs of the
aboriginal people. This view cannot be accepted. It is just possible,
that the Indo-Äryan assimilated many non- Äryan elements in their
religion, but the lower strata of the Äryan community were no less
interested in the lower side of the religion, than the non-Äryan
populations. The Atharvaveda reflects the faith and rites of the
common people, rather than the highly specialised religion of the
priests.
Cultural Value of the Atharvaveda
If by Veda we mean sacrificial literature, then Atharvaveda is not
considered as one of the Vedas by some (say Jaimini).
Nevertheless, it will ever remain one of our richest heritages
representing the secular and pre-eminently intellectual aspect of
our ancients. The term atharvaë was from the very beginning
associated with intellectualism. The Ågvedic seer Dirghatamas
belongs to the Atharvan family. The famous philosophical hymn
composed by Dirghatamas has the two passages 'Truth is one;
sages call it by various names' and 'There are two birds, with fair
wings, knit with bonds of union .. ,'. This has been the basic text
for latter day Indian philosophy regarding the relation between
Brahman and the jéva, and the concept occurs in this hymn. In the
Raghnvaàça (I), where the King Dilipa goes to his teacher
Vasiñöha, to consult him on very important state matters, Kalidasa
refers to Vasistha as the repository of Atharva-'knowledge
(Ätharvanidhi).
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 35
There was however no conflict between the civilisation
represented by the three Vedas and that represented by the
Atharvaveda. They represent two aspects of a civilisation that is
single and unitary. One can safely say that the three Vedas
represent mainly the aspect of an ancient Indian civilisation
dealing with the goal of man in a future life, and the Atharvaveda
represents chiefly the other aspect, dealing with the life of man in
this world. The three Vedas deal with gods and sacrifices; the
Atharvaveda deals with man, his protection from enemies,
destruction of foes, kings and politics, welfare in this life, and
similar other things.
Atharvaveda Samhitä
The Atharvaveda is also known as Atharväìgirasa-Veda. As the
seers of Atharvaveda Saàhitä, its rsis were known as the
Atharväìgirasa or simply the Äìgirasa. Of these two classes of
priests, the Atharvaëa priests were adept in Çänti-Puñti-Karmas -
rituals related to accomplishment of peace in the family, society,
for securing health, wealth, protection, and friendship. And the
Äìgirasa priests were adept in abhicärika - karmas - performing
rituals for cure of diseases (yakñma - tuberculosis, kuñöha -
leprosy, çveta-kuñöha - leukoderma, jvara - fever, takma - skin-
disease, kåmi - a kind of intestinal parasites) and destruction of
wild animals, çatru-näçana - destruction enemies and çätrusenä-
sammohana - immobilising the enemy army, evil spirits (asuras —
VI.7, alakñmé-näçana), etc.
It is also known as Bhågväìgirasa-Veda, since Bhågu was Åsi
Aìgira's disciple and was instrumental in popularising Atharvaveda.
Its other name is Brahmaveda, since the priest is titled Brahmä.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 36
Still another name is Bhaiñajya-Veda, since it mostly consists of
mantras for the cure of many diseases.
As per modern scholars as stated above, Atharvamëa or Äìgirasa
were a class of highly intellectual priests who are reputed to be the
first to have instituted the fire-worship and Soma sacrifices. They
were the earliest teachers of Brahmavidyä. The word Atharva
means purohita, a fire priest, and it is the oldest Indian name for
'priest' in general.
Sage Atharvaëa was the son of Åsi Bhågu who was the son of
Brahmä. 'Atharvaëa' means — na tharvati calati iti atharvaëa —
'the one who has no vacillation of the mind (who is steady in his
vision) is called Atharvana'. That which was revealed to Sage
Atharvaëa is the Atharvaveda.
Atharvaveda Samhitä Çäkhäs
The extant Çaunaka-Çäkhä has 20 käëòas, 759 kaëòikäs and
5,977 mantras (5,987 in Svadhyaya Mandala, Pardi edition).
Çaunaka- Çäkhä begins with ye triñaptär paryanti. According to
Pataïjali's Mahäbhäñya and Brähmayajïa-Tarpaëa, the first verse
of Atharvaveda begins with çan no devirabhiñöaye .... However,
this mantra is first mantra in Paippaläda Saàhitä, whereas in
Çaunaka-Çäkhä it is the sixth mantra - 1.1.6. It appears that the
Paippaläda Saàhitä was once more popular. In the Kaçméré
recension as well as the Odisha recension of Paippaläda Saàhitä,
çan no devirabhiñöaye. . . is the first mantra of the Atharvaveda.
Many hymns of Çaunaka Saàhitä are quoted in Kauçika-Sütra and
Vaitäna-Sütra. Säyaëa also quotes many of these in his bhäñya
on the Atharva Saàhitä of Çaunaka-Çäkhä. Maurice Bloomfield
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 37
and William Dwight Whitney have made a survey of the available
hymns of the Paippaläda (Käçméré) recension.
Atharvaveda has many foreign words like, kiarata, alika, viligi,
tabuva, tastuva, which are traced to be very old Chaldean words
used in 4500 BCE.
Gäyatåé-mantra is believed to be the essence of the three Vedas,
which means that Atharvaveda is excluded. According to one view,
before learning the Atharvaveda, a brahmacari must go through a
second upanayanam ceremony. Generally, the Gäyatré imparted
to a child at Brahmopadeça ceremony is called Tripäda-Gäyatré —
it is so called because it has three pädas or quarters. Each päda
encompasses the essential spirit of one Veda. The Atharvaveda
has a separate Gäyatré, and if people belonging to other Vedas
want to learn this Veda, they have to go through a second
upanayanam to receive instruction in it. For the followers of the
first three Vedas, however, there is only one Gäyatré, and those
belonging to any one of them can learn the other two Vedas
without another upanayanam.
Pataïjali in his Mahäbhañya has referred to nine çäkhäs of the
Atharvaveda- (i) Paippaläda, (ii) Tauda, (iii) Muëda, (iv)
çaunakéya, (v) Jäjala, (vi) Jalada, (vii) Brähmaveda, (viii)
Devadarça and, (ix) Cäraëavidya.
The Caraëavyüha also furnishes a list of nine çäkhäs - (i)
Paippaläda, (ii) Däntä, (iii) Pradäntä, (iv) Autä, (v) Jäbälä, (vi)
Çaunakä, (vii) Brahmapaläçä, (viii) Kunakhé-vedadarçé, and (ix)
Cäraëavidya.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 38
Säyaëäcärya accepts the existence of nine çäkhäs; however, his
list is slightly different from the list of Caraëavyüha. Scholars give
preference to Säyaëa's list that is — (i) Paippaläda, (ii) Tauda, (iii)
Mauda, (iv) Çaunakéya, (v) Jäjala, (vi) Jalada, (vii) Brahmavada,
(viii) Devadarçi, and (ix) Cäraëavaidya.
Pataïj ali Säyaëa Caraëavyüha
1 Paippaläda Paippaläda Paippaläda
2 Dänta Tauda Däntä
3 Pradänta Mauda Pradänta
4 Snäta Jalada Autä
5 Sautna Jäjala Jäbälä
6 Brahmadävala Brahmavada Brahmapaläçä
7 Çaunaka Çaunakéya Çaunakä
8 Devavarçata Devadarçé Kunakhé-Vedadarçi
9 Cäraëavidyä Cäraëavaidya Cäraëavidyä
Of these, Saunaka is extant. The Paippalada-Sakha has since
been discovered, edited and published.
Subject Matter of Atharvaveda
Atharvaveda is the most secular of all the four Vedas, in that; it
deals with worldly matters and issues in the manner and to the
extent not addressed by the other three Vedas. The definition —
istaprdptyanista-pariharayor-alaukikam-updyam yo grantho
vedayati sa vedah, is validated in Atharvaveda. It conveys to us
the knowledge of many magic formulae, since it contains mantras
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 39
with which one wards off misfortunes and disasters and brings
about the destruction of one's enemies.
Atharvaveda is a mixture of prose and poetry. The mantras of the
other three Vedas also serve the same purpose as those of the
Atharvaveda. However, what is special about Atharvaveda is that,
it has references to some deities not mentioned in the others and
has mantras addressed to fierce spirits. What has come to be
known as mantrikam (magical rites) has its source in this Veda.
Additionally, it also contains suktas that speak of lofty truths. It has
Prthivi-Sukta, which glorifies this planet with all its creatures. A full
hymn18 is dedicated to the Vedic hrah.maca.ri.
It is learnt from some stone inscriptions that, Atharvaveda had a
following in Tamil country, until some centuries ago. Information
about Vedic schools is provided by inscriptions found near Perani,
near Ennayiram and a place near Walajabadin the neighbourhood
of Kancipuram (all in Tamil Nadu). Even during the reign-of the
later Colas, the Atharvaveda was learnt in the Tamil country.
Incidentally, there are reportedly 18 categories among brahmanas
in Odisha. One such category is known as Atharvanikas, which is
Atharvavedins. Currently, Atharvavedins are also there in
Saurashtra (in Gujarat) and Kosala (in UP),n though their number
is small. Atharvaveda Samhita is rarely chanted in the north, and is
not heard in the south at all. Currently (in 2012) in the Kaftcl
Kamakoti Math of Puri, Odisha, about 20 brahmacarls are being
taught the Paippalada-Sakha, and it is chanted everyday.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 40
The prevalent £aunaka-Sakha has 20 kandas (books) containing
759 kandikas and 5,977 mantras-verses (5,987 as per Svadhyaya
Mandala, Pardi edition). Hie recently discovered and published
Paippalada-Sakha also has 20 kandas (books) containing 923
kandikas, and 7,900 mantras-verses (as per Kunja Bihari
Upadhyaya, editor of Atharvanaveda-Paippalada-Samhita).
Scholars consider the last two books 19th and 20th, as khila-
kanda, to be the later additions. The 20th book has almost entirely
been taken from Rgveda. Scholars also are sceptical about book
15 (vratya-kanda) from chronological point of view, and consider
this to be as later addition. Thus, books 1-13 only are
characteristically the most Atharvanic, and the rest correspond to
various hymns of Rgveda Samhita.
One-sixth of Atharvaveda mantras are in the prose form, while the
rest are in metre. About 1,200 mantras of the Atharvaveda (175th)
are from the Rgveda.
Of the 5,977 mantras of Atharvaveda (Saunaka-Sakha), 2,696
mantras are the original, envisioned by Atharva Rsi. Of the rest, 49
were by Atharvahgira, 29 by Brhaddiva or Atharva, 7 by Mrgara or
Atharva, 7 by Vasistha or Atharva, 4 by Krttika or Atharva and 7 by
Bhrgu-Atharvana. Thus, since 2,799 (2,696 + 49 + 29+ 7+ 7+ 4+
7) mantras of 220 suktas were seen by Rsi Atharva, this Veda is
named after him.
The subject matter of Atharvaveda is divided into eight broad
categories:
Categories Contents
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 41
1. Bhaisajya-Sukta At least 144 suktas describe the symp- .-
"various diseases, and names of herbs/ root; for curing them.
2. Ayusya-Sukta Many suktas are prayers for long and hea)
3. Paustika-Sukta These suktas has refrence regarding ag-:
house-building and trade/ business
4 Strikarma-Sukta This category includes love, marriage, progeny
and protection of progeny. It has charms / spells to neutralise the
co-wife and obtain husband's love and attention.
5 PrayaScitta-Sukta Hymns are there to atone for many known/
unknown wrong doings.
6 Brahmanya-Sukta These are philosophical suktas discussing
the cosmology. Atharvaveda is known as Brahmaveda because
of these suktas.
7 Rajakarma-Sukta These hymns help tire king in running the
kingdom smoothly. There are suktas to defeat/destroy the
enemies/opposite armies.
8 Abhicara-Sukta These are again charms and spells against enemies, (Black-magic)raksasas. Although their number is insignificant, nevertheless, because of their presence, westerners name this Veda as abhicara-pradhana-veda
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 42
UNIT-ⅰⅰⅰ ATHARVAVEDA – PRTHVI SUKTA
R.S.I DEVATA CHANDA, VINIYOGA —
ÒeLece megkeÌleced
ÜeoMes keÀeC[s Heáe metÊkeÀeefve Heáe ®eevegJeekeÀeë ~ Òel³eskeÀefmceved ûevegJeekesÀ SkeÀefceefle met$eHeáekeÀm³e J³eJemLee ~
le$esoceeefoceb metkeÌleb ef$e<eefsdìcev$eelcekeÀced, $eÝef<ejLeJee&, YetefceoxJelee, ívo:- 1.3.17.26, 31, 55,
60 - ef$eägHed; 2- YetefjkedÀef$eägHed; 4-6, 10, 38- HeìdHeoe peieleer; 7- ÒemleejHe*defkeÌleë; 8, 11-
<eìdHeoe efJeje[efäë; 6-HejevegägHed; 12, 13, 15, 37 - HeáeHeoe MekeÌJejer; 14- ceneye=nleer; 16,
21- meecveer ef$eägHed; 18-<eìdHeoe ef$eägyevegägyieYee&efleMekeÌJejer; 19- Gjesye=nleer; 20- efJeje[gjesye=nleer;
22-<eìdHeoe efJeje[eflepeieleer; 23-HeáeHeoe efJeje[eflepeieleer; 24- HeáeHeoevegägyieYee&; 25-
meHleHeoesef<CeievegägyieYee& MekeÌJejer; 26-21, 33, 35, 39 40, 50, 54, 56, 59, 63 -
ÞevegägHed; 53 - HegjesyeeJe&leeçvegägHed; 30- ef$eHeoeb efJeje*diee³e$eer, 32- Hegjmleepp³ees efleefleefm$eägHed; 34-
<eìdHeoe; ef$eägyye=nleerieYee&eflepeieleer; 36-efJeHejerleHeeoue#cee He*d efkeÌleë, 21- <eìdHeoe keÀkegÀcceleer MekeÌJejer;
42- mJeje[vegägHe; 43- efJeje[emleejHe*defkeÌleë; 44, 45, 49- peieleer; 46- <eìdHeoevegägyieYee&
HejeMekeÌJejerë 47- <eìdHeoesef<CeievegägyieYe& HejeefleMekeÌJejer; 48- HegjeçvegägHed; 52- <eìdHeoevegägyieYee&
keÀkegÀcceleer MekeÌJejer; 520 HeáeHeoevegägyieYee& Hejeeflepeieleer; 57- Hegjespeeielee peieleer; 58-
Hegjmleeodye=nleer; 61- Hegjesyeen&lee ef$eägHed; 62- HejeefJejeìd (efve®e=led) ef$eägHed ~ cev$eeë - 63 ~~
``He=efLeJeermetkeÌlecesleled ~ Deefmceved He=efLeJ³eeë ÒeYetleb efvemeie&JeCe&veced ~ keÀefleef®eled HeewjeefCekeÀerë keÀLee½eevegue#³e
JeCe&veced ~
`mecÒeoe³eevegmeejsCe leg metkeÌlecesleod yengefJeOeb efJeefve³egp³eles ~ leÐeLee mel³eb ye=nledFl³evegJeekeÀes Jeemlees<Hel³eieCes
Heefþleë ~ Þem³e ieCem³e efJeefve³eesieë `FnwJe Oe´=Jeeced` (Òe.3~12) Fefle met$es êäJ³eë ~ leLee
Deeûene³eCeerkeÀcee|Ce je$eew ÒeY³eeleeveevleb ke=ÀlJee $e³e½ejJeë ÞeHeef³eleJ³eeë ~ leleë DevesveevegJeekesÀve Òeivesë He½eeod
ielex oYee&veemleer³e& SkeÀb ®e©b meke=Àled meJe&ngleb pegnesefle ~ efÜleer³eb ®e©ced ÒevesveevegJeekesÀve mecHeel³eeefYecev$³e
ÒeMveeefle ~ le=leer³eb ®e©b mel³eb ye=nod Fl³eeÐeeefYeë meHleefYeë $eÝefiYeë `Yetces ceeleë` (36) Fl³eäc³ee ®e®ee&
ef$epeg&nesefle ~ Òeäeveece=®eeceeJe=l³ee nesce$e³eb mebHeeÐeefcel³eLe&ë ~ Deivesë Heed®eeÎYex<eg keÀefMeHeg le=Cece³eb
ÒemlejCeceemleer³e& efJece=iJejerced (29) Fl³eve³eesHeefJeMeefle ~ ³eemles efMeJeeë (Òe. 9~2~25) Fefle
mebefJeMeefle ~ ³e®í³eeveë (34) Fefle He³ee&Jele&ves ~ `mel³eb Je=nod’ Fefle veJeefYeë `MeefvleJee` (59)
Fl³e=®ee `Goe³eg<ee` (Òe. 3~31~10;11) Fefle ÜeY³eeb ®e Òeele©efÊeÿefle ~ Gܳeced (Òe. 7~55~7)
Fefle ie®íefle ~ `GoerjeCeeë` (28) Fl³e=®ee Òee*d Jeeso*d Jee yee¿elees ie®íleer ~ ³eeJeÊes (33) mel³e=®ee
YegJeceer#eles ~ Fl³eeûene³eCeerkeÀce& ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 43
leLee HegefäkeÀeceë GVeleb mLeuecee©¿e `³eeJeÊes` (33) Fl³e=®ee F&#eles ~
leLee ÒevesveevegJeekesÀveesoHee$HmecHeel³e Hegjmleeoivesë meerjb ³egkeÌleb mecÒees#eefle ~
leLeevesveevegJeekesÀve ke=Àef<ekeÀce& YeJeefle ~ le®®e meerje `³eg¡eefvle` (De.3~~7) Fefle met$es efJemlejsCeeskeÌleb
êäJ³eced ~
leLee Heg$eOeveeefomeJe&HeÀueÒeeHl³e³eb `³em³eeb meoesnefJeOee&ves` (38-40) Fefle efleme=efYejep³eb pegnesefle ~
leLee Je´erefn³eJeeÐeVekeÀeceë `³em³eeceVeced` (42) Fl³e=®ee He=efLeJeercegHeefleÿles ~
leLee ceefCeefnjC³eeefokeÀeceë `efveefOeb efyeYe´leer` (44; 45) Fefle Üec³eeb He=efLeJeercegHeefleÿle ~
leLee ÒeeH³eeefHe ceefCeb efnjC³eb Jee ÒeeY³eecesJeesHeefleäles ~
leLee HegefäkeÀecees Je=efäkeÀeues `³em³eeb ke=À<Ceb` (52) Fl³e=®ee veJeesokeÀceefYecev$³e Òee®eceveb mveeveb ®e keÀjesefle ~
leogkeÌleb keÀewefMekesÀve ö`mel³eb ye=nod Fl³eeûene³eC³eeced ~ He½eeoiveso&Yex<eg Keoe³eeb meJe&ngleced ~ efÜleer³eb
mebHeeleJevleceMveeefle ~ le=leer³em³eeefoueë meHleefYeë `Yetces ceeleë` Fefle ef$epeg&nesefle ~ Heed®eeoiveso&Yex<eg
`keÀefMeJJeemleer³e&` efJece=iJejerced Fl³egHeefJeMeefle ~ `³eemles efMeJeeë` Fefle mebefJeMeefle ~ `³e®í³eeveë` Fle
He³ee&Jele&les ~ veJeefYeë `MeefvleJee` Fefle oMec³ee `Goe³eg<ee` Fl³egHeesefÊeÿefle ~ `Gܳeced` Fl³eglkeÀeceefle ~
`ToerjeCeeë` Fefle $eerefCe Heoeefve Òee*d Jeeso*d Jee Jee¿es veesHeefve<¬eÀc³e `³eeJeÊes` Fefle Jeer#eles ~ GVelee®®e ~
Hegjmleeoivesë meerjb ³egÊkeÀcegoHee$esCe mecHeeleJeleeJeefmeáeefue ~ Þee³eespeveeveeceH³e³eë ~ `³em³eeb meoesnefJeOee&ves`
Fefle pegnesefle Jejes ce Þeeieefce<³eleerefle ~ `³em³eeceVeced` Fl³egHeefleÿles ~ `efveefOeb efJeYe´leer Fefle ceefCeb
efnjC³ekeÀeceë ~ `³em³eeb ke=À<Ceced` Fefle Jee<e&ke=Àlem³ee®eeceefle efMejm³eeve³eles ~` (keÀeQ. met. 24~24-41)
Fefle ~ Jejes JejCeer³eesçLeex cece YeJesefol³eLe&ë ~
leLee ûeeceHeÊeveeefoj#eeLe&³evesveevegJeekesÀve ®elegjë Hegjes[eMeeved ÒeMceeslejeved ke=ÀlJee ûeeceeefokeÀesCes<eg e fveKeveefle ~
leLee ûeece ö HeÊeveeefoj#eeLe&cevesveevegJeekesÀve SkewÀkeÀm³e Hegjes[eMem³eesHeefj Hee<eeCeb ke=ÀlJee GYe³eeved mecHeeleJeleë
ke=ÀlJee ûeeceeefokeÀesCes<eg efveKeveefle ~ meJe&$e ÒeefleêJ³eb metÊkeÀeJe=efleë ~
leLee Òeivesje³elevem³e ÒemevleeHe³egkeÌles osMes Me³eeveë SlecevegJeekebÀ peHeefve ~ meJe&$e keÀce&Ceeb efJekeÀuHeë ~
leogkeÌleb keÀewefMekeÀmet$esö`Yeewcem³e ¢eflekeÀceee|Ce ~ Hegje[esMeeved ÒeedceesÊejeved Òevleë m$eefÊkeÀ<eg efveoOeeefve ~
GYe³eevlemebHeeleJeleë ~ meYeeYeeieOeeves<eg ®e ~ ÒemebleeHes p³eesefleje³elevem³ewkeÀleesçv³eb Me³eevees Yeewceb peHeefle`
(keÀew.met. 38, 12-16) Fle ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 44
`leLee Yetefce®eueves Dem³eevetJeekeÀm³e nesces efJeefve³eesieë ~ `ÒeLe ³e$ewleod Yetefce®euees YeJeefle` Fl³eg$keÀc³eeskeÌleb
keÀewefMekesÀve ö`mel³eb ye=nod Fl³evesveevegJeekesÀve peg©³eeled ~ mee le$e Òee³eef½eefÊeë` (keÀew.met. 98, 1; 3,4)
Fefle ~
leLee meesce³e%es oeref#eleefve³eces<eg cet$eHegjer<eMeg×d³ele¥ ueesäeoeves Òem³e efJeefve³eesieë ~ leogkeÌleb Jewleeves `mel³eb ye=nod`
Fefle ueesäceeoe³e` (Jewlee. Þeew. met. 12-’)
`leLee `HeeefLe&JeeR metefcekeÀecem³e` (Meeb.keÀ. 17~5) Fefle efJeefnlee³eeb HeeefLe&J³eeb ceneMeevleew Òem³eevegJeekeÀm³e
efJeefve³eesieë ~ leogkeÌleb MeeefvlekeÀuHes ö``mel³eb ye=nod Fl³evegJeekeÀë HeeefLe&J³eeced`` ~ (Meeb.keÀ. 18~8)
Fefle ~
meb.Hee.- mel³eb ye=nÎlecegûeb oer#ee leHees ye´¿e ³e%eë He=efLeJeeR Oeej³eefvle ~
mee vees Yetlem³e YeJ³em³e Helv³eg©b ueeskebÀ He=efLeJeer veë ke=ÀCeesleg ~~1~~
HeoHeeþë
mel³eced ~ ye=nled ~ $eÝleced ~ Gûeced ~ oer#ee ~ leHeë ~ ye´ïe ~ ³e%eë ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Oeej³eefvle ~ mee ~
veë ~ Yetlem³e ~ YeJ³em³e ~ YeJ³em³e ~ Helveer ~ G©ced ~ ueeskeÀced ~ He=efLeJeer ~ veë ~ ke=ÀCeesleg ~~1~~
DevJe³eö ye=nled mel³eced, Gûeced $eÝleced, oer#ee, leHeë, ye´ne, ³e%eë (Sles) He=efLeJeer Oeej³eefvle ~ mee veë
Yetlemve³e YeJ³em³e He$eer He=efLeJeer (Fceb) G©b ueeskebÀ veë ke=ÀCeesleg ~
MeyoeLe& ö mel³eced = mel³e, ye=nled = efJeMeue, ceneved, $eÝleced = MeeÞele efve³eced, GÒeced = Òe®eC[, oer#ee
= ³e%e mes HetJe& ³epeeceeve keÀe mebmkeÀej, leHeë = leHem³ee, ye´¿e = ÒeeLe&vee, ye´¿e, ³e%eë = ³e%e, He=efLeJeerced =
He=efLeJeer keÀes, Oeej³eefvle = OeejCe keÀjles nw, mee = Jen, veë = nceejs, Yetlem³e = Yetle keÀer, YeJ³em³e =
YeefJe<³e keÀer, He$eer = jef#ekeÀe, G©ced = efJeMeeue, ueeskeÀced = ueeskeÀ keÀes, He=efLeJeer = He=efLeJeer, veë = nceejs
efue³es, ke=ÀCeesleg = keÀjs ~
meb.Yee.ö mel³eb meefle meeOeg mevleceLe&cee³e³eefle Òel³ee³e³eefle Fefle efve©keÌl³ee ³eLeeLe&Yee<eCeced ~ `mel³eb keÀmceeled
melmeg lee³eles melÒeYeJeb Jee YeJeefle` (efve©. 3-3-1) ~ Jeeef®ekebÀ ³eLeeLe&Yee<eCeefceefle mee³eCeë ~ ye=nled
cenled ~ mecelmel³eefceefle ~ $eÝleb JeweféekebÀ mel³eb me=äsefve&³eecekebÀ yeueced ~ ceevemeb ³eLeeLe&me¹uHeveefceefve
mee³eCeë ~ Gûeced ÒeYeerÜb leerJe´ced ~ leHeë leHe½ejCeced ~ oer#ee Je´leefve³eceOeejCeced ~ ye´¿e Jesoë ~ JesoesHeefoäb
%eeveb ye´ïe®e³e& ®e ~ `ÒeLeecetleb ye´ïeCees ªHeb ÒeeCe½ee³ecevlejekeÀeMeë ~` (cee.Me. 14~5~3~8) Fefle
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 45
ye´ïeCeeocetle&ceefHe ~ ³e%ees osJeHetpeeme²eflekeÀjCeoeveªHeë ~ DeLeJee Òelcee Jew ³e%eë (cee.Me. $eÝ~2~1~7)
FefLe ye´eïeCeesÊkeÀë ~ leÊJeev³esleeefve He=efLeJeeR Oeej³eefvle ~ meJewjslewë He=efLeJeer Ie=lee, Dele SJe efmLeje ~ SJebefJeOee
mel³eeefoefYeIee&³e&ceeCee ³es³eb He=efLeJeer He=LJeer efMeMeeuee Yetefceë, Yetlem³e HetJe&ceglHeVem³e, leLewJe YeJ³em³e
GlHelm³eceevem³e, Jele&ceevem³eeefHe Jemlegpeelem³e ®e Helveer ÒeYeefJe$eer Heeueef³e$eer Jee, veë DemceY³eced G©b efJemleerCeb
He³ee&Hleb ueeskebÀ o=efäce³ee&oeHe³e&vleb efJeMeeueb YetYeeieb efveJeemeke=Àäeefo³eesi³eb mLeeveb ke=ÀCeesleg keÀjesleg ~
ooeeflJel³eLe&ë ~ ye=nod, ye=n Je=Îew Fl³em³e `Jele&ceeves He=<eod ye=nod0` (G. 2~84) Fefle efveHeeleë ~ $eÝlecelex
efveÿe ~ Gûeced G®³eleerefle ~ T®e meceJee³ees Fl³emceeod `$eÝp$es0` (G. 2~28) jved Òel³e³eë,
ie½eevleeosMeë ~ oer#ee, oer#e ceewC[d³esp³eesHeve³eveeoew cJeeosë `iel³eLee&keÀcebkeÀ0` (Hee. 3~4~72) Fefle
keÀlee|j ÊkeÀë, ìeHed ~ ye´ïe ye=bnleerefle ~ ye=efn Je=×ew cJeeosë `ye=nsvedx®®e` ~ (G. 4~146) Fefle ceefveved,
Oeeleesve&m³e ®eeoeosMeë ~ ³e%eë Fp³eles Devesvee$e Jee~ ³epesë `³epe ³ee®e0` (Hee~ 3~3~90) ve*d ~ He=efLeJeer
ÒeLe efJemleejs `ÒeLesë ef<eJeved mecÒemeejCeb ®e` (G. 1~149) `Hel³egveex ³e%emeb³eesies` (Hee. 4~1~33)
Fefle veë *erHed ®e ~ ueeskebÀ ueeskeÀ³ele Fefle ueeskeÀë ~ ueeske=ÀoMe&ves Ie_ed ~
efn.Deb ö ceneve ³el³e, Òe®eC[ Meeéele efve³ece, oer#ee, leHem³ee, cev$e, Deewj ³e%e (Fme) He=efLeJeer keÀes OeejCe
keÀjles nQ ~ Jen nceejs Yetle Deewj YeefJe<³e keÀer j#ee keÀjves Jeeueer He=efLeJeer (Fme) efJeMeeue ueeskeÀ keÀes nceejs
efue³es keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION —
The great Truth, the terrible Eternal law. the conscraling Rite, penance, prayer, and
Sacrifice (all these) uphold the Earth. May she, the protector of our past and future,
the earth, make this vast world for us.
Notes — $eÝleced —See notes on $eÝlem³e (RV.I.18) ye´ïee – When the word ye´ïee accents the
first syllable it means ‘Prayer’. Oeej³eefvle dhr ‘to hold’, cous. Pres. 3rd. plu. ke=ÀCeesleg Kr
‘to make’ impy. 3rd. sing.
meb.Hee.ö ÒemebyeeOeb ceO³eles ceeveJeeveeb ³em³ee GodJeleë ÒeJeleë meceb yeng ~
veeveeJeer³ee& Òees<eOeer³ee& efyeYe|le He=efLeJeer veë ÒeLeleeb jeO³eleeb veë ~~2~~
He.Hee. - ÒemecedçyeeOeced ~ ceO³eleë ~ ceeveJeeveeced ~ ³em³eeë ~ GledçJeleë ~ ÒeçJeleë ~ mececed ~ yeng ~
veeveeçJeer³ee&ë ~ Òees<eOeerë ~ ³ee ~ efyeYeefle& ~ He=efLeJees ~ veë ~ ÒeLeleeced ~ jeO³eleeced ~ veë ~~2~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 46
DevJe³e - (³ee) ceeveJeeveeb ceO³eleë DemebyeeOeb (Deefmle); ³em³eë GÜleë ÒeJeleë meceb yeng (ÒeosMeeë meefvle); ³ee
veeveeJeer³ee&ë Dees<eOeerë efyeYeefle&, (mee) He=efLeJeer veë ÒeLeleeced, veë jeO³eleeced ~
MeyoeLe& ö DemebyeeOeced = yeeOeejefnle, ceO³eleë = ceO³e ceW, ceeveJeeveeced = ceveg<³ees kesÀ, ³em³eeë =
efpemekesÀ, GÜleë = Tb®es, ÒeJeleë = veer®es, mececed = meceleue, yeng = yengle, veeveeJeer³ee&ë = DeveskeÀ
Heje¬eÀceJeeueer, Dees<eOeerë = Dees<eefOe³ees keÀes, ³ee = pees, efyeYeefle& = Hees<eCe keÀjleer nw, He=efLeJeer = He=efLeJeer,
veë = nces, ÒeLeleeced = HewÀueeJes, jeO³eleeced = mece=× keÀjs, veë = nceW ~
meb.Yee.- ceeveJeeveeb meleesë mecyeefvOeveeb cevetHeefoäb Oece& ®ejleeb cel³ee&veeb ceO³eleë les<eeb efveJeemeYetleYetÒeosMeosJe,
lewjsJe mececed, ÒemebyeeOeb mebJeeOee efveJeemeefJeOvees ³eLee les<eeb ve YeJeefle leLe ³em³eeë He=efLeJ³ee GÜleë Gef®í^leeë
Òeosee efieefjefMeKejefoªHeeë, ÒeJeleë ojeriegnekeÀvojeÐeeë ÒeOeëÒeosMeeë yeng ÒeefOekeÀefJemleejb, meceb mecemLeueced
DeefvecveesVeleeë meceeë ÒeosMeeë meefvle ~ ³ee ®e He=efLeJeer Yetefceë veeveeJeer³ee&ë efJeefJeOeew<eOeer³eiegCee Òees<eIeerë
uelee*dkegÀjeÐeeë Je=#eJevemHel³eeÐee½e, efyeYeefle& Yetceew Òeª{e Oeej³eefle ~ mes³eb He=efLeJeer `ÒeÒeLele He=efLeJeer` (lew.meb.
2~1~2~3) Fefle Þegl³egÊkeÀe ÒeLeveMeeruee Yetefceë, veë ÒemceY³eb ÒeLeleeced ÒeefOekeÀefJemleeje YeJeleg ~
efveJeemeke=À<³eeefo³eesi³eeveefOekeÀevÒeosMeeved ÒemceY³eb efJelejleg ~ veë ÒemceY³eb ®e jeO³eleeb keÀce&efmeef×oe YeJeleg ~
ÒemecyeeOeced `ÒeJ³e³eerYeeJe½e` (Hee. 2~4~18) Fefle veHegbmekeÀced ~ ceO³eleë ceO³eeled Heáec³eLex leefmeU ~
GÜleë GogHemeiee&led `GHemeiee&®ívoefme OeelJeLex` (Hee. 5~1~118) Fefle Jeefleë ~ leeved ~ leLewJe ÒeJeleë ~
efn.De.ö (pees) ceveg<³eeW kesÀ ceO³e yeeOeejefnle nw; efpemekesÀ Tb®es, veer®es leLee meceleue DeveskeÀ (ÒeosMe) nw, pees
veevee Heje$keÀceJeeueer Dees<eefOe³eeW keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer nw, (Jen) He=efLeJeer nceW HewÀueeJes Deewj nceW mece=× keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSALATION :-
Among men (who) is unobstructed; whose are mjany high, low and level (plains),
who bears the plants endowed with many variewd powers, may (she) the Earth spread
wide for us and make us prosperous.
Notes – DemebJeeOeced ö ve_ed meced badh ‘too bstruct’, Grifftth takes it to mean ‘not
crowded by the crowd’. – Gotleë, ÒeJeleë ö See Gêlee and ÒeJelee (Rv. 1.35.3). veeveeJeer³ee& –
Having many varied powers. Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the first member. efyeYeefle&
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 47
bhr ‘to bear’ pres. 3rd. sind. not unaccented because preceded by ³ee. Òe³eleebced – prath
‘to spread’ Atm. impv. 3rd. sing. jeO³eleeced ö radh ‘to accomplish’. Atm. Impv. 3rd.
sing; not unaccented because beginning of a sentence.
meb.Hee. - ³em³eeb mecegê Gle efmevOegjeHees ³em³eecevveb ke=Àä³eë meb yeYetJegë ~
³em³eeefceob efpevJeefle ÒeeCeospeled mee vees Yetefceë HetJe&Hes³es oOeeleg ~~3~~
HeoHeeþë
³em³eeced ~ mecegêë ~ Gle ~ efmevOegë ~ ÒeeHeë ~ ³em³eeced ~ ÒeVeced ~ ke=Àä³eë ~ mecedçyeYetJegë ~
³em³eeced ~ Foced ~ efpevJeefle ~ ÒeeCeled ~ Speled ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ HetJe&çHes³es ~ oOeeleg ~~3~~
DevJe³e - ³em³eeb mecegêë Gle efmevOegë DeeHeë, ³em³eeced DeVeb ke=Àä³eë mebyeYetJegë; ³em³eeced Fob efJevJeefle, ÒeeCeled,
Speled; mee Yetefceë veë HetJe&Hes³es oOeeleg ~
MeyoeLe& ö ³em³eeced = efpemeHej, mecegêë = mecegê, Gle = Deewj, efmevOegë = veoer, DeeHeë = peue, ³em³eeced
= efpeme Hej, DeVeced = DeVe, ke=Àä³eë = ceveg<³e, mebyeYetJegë = melee ceW nQ, mem³eeced = efpemeHej, Foced =
³en meye, efpevJeefle = Òemeveve neslee nw, ÒeeCeled = mebeme ueslee nw, Speled = efJe®ejCe keÀjlee nw, mee = Jen,
veë = nces, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, HetJe&Hes³es = ÒeLece mLeeve ceW, oOeeleg = Òeefleÿeve keÀjs ~
me.Yee. - ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb mecegêë ÒeCe&Jees Jele&les ~ Gle ÒeefHe ®e, efmevOegë veoveoerÒeJeene Jele&vles ~ ÒeeHeë
efvePe&jle[eieeo³eë peueeMe³eeë ®e Jele&vles ~ ³em³eeced GJe&je³eeb #es$eJel³eeced, ÒeVeb Je´erefn³eJeeefokebÀ ceveg<³eeCeeb
Yeesp³eb pee³eles ~ ³em³eeb ®e He=efLeJ³eeb ke=Àä³eë ke=Àef<ekeÀce&kegÀMeuee pevemecetneë mecyeYetJegë HetJe¥ mebYetlee DeOegveeçefHe
mebYeJeefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®e Yetceew Fob ÒeeCeled ÒeeCeJeppeerJepeeleb, Speled ®esäceeveb meled ef¬eÀ³eejleb meled, efpevJeefle
efJe®ejefle ~ mee Yetefceë ef#eefleë, veë Òemceeved, HetJe&Hes³es HetJexCeeefûecesCe Hes³eced DeemJeeÐeb meescejmeeefokebÀ leefmceved
meesce³eeieeefo<eg meesceHeeveeJemejsçefûeceW ceeveenx Hes³e$keÀces oOeeleg mLeeHe³eleg ~ ³eÜe HetJe¥ YeespeveelHetJe¥ Hes³es
iees#eerjeefoyeengu³esçmceeved oOeeleg ~ Yetcesë Òemeeosve Je³eb ÒeLeceW meesceHeeef³eveë ÒeYetle#eerjHeeef³evees Jee YeJesce ~
mecegêë mecegveÊeerefle ~ mebHetJee&od Gvoer keÌuesoves ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 48
efn.Deb- efpeme (He=efLeJeer) Hej mecegê, veoer Deewj peue nw; efpeme Hej DeVe leLee ÒeeCeer meÊee ceW nQ; efpeme Hej ³es
(meYeer) Deeveefvole nesles nQ, meebme uesles nQ leLee efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ, Jen Yetefce nceW meJe&ÒeLece mLeeve ceW Òeefleefÿle
keÀjs ~
©Oeeosë mHeÀeef³eleefáe. (G. 2~13) Fl³eewCeeefokeÀes jkedÀ-Òel³e³eë ~ efmevOegë m³evovles ÒeeHeë Òeefmceved ~ m³evot
ÒeñeJeCes YJeeosë `m³evosë mecÒemeejCeb Oe½e` (G. 1~11) Fefle Gë Òel³e³eë, ³ekeÀejm³e mecÒemeejCeb om³e ®e
Oeë ~ ÒeVeced DeÐeles leled ~ ÒeÊesë keÀce&efCe ÊkeÀë ~ ke=Àä³eë keÀ<e&vleerefle ke=À<e efJeuesKeves Fl³emceeled `eflkeÀ®eÊkeÀew
®e meb%ee³eeced` (Hee. 3~3~174) Fefle efÊkeÀ®ed ~ `ke=Àä³e Fefle ceveg<³eveece, keÀce&Jevlees YeJeefvle efJeke=Àäosne
Jee` (efve©. 10~22) Fefle efve©ÊkeÀceefHe ~ efpevJeefle iel³eLe&ë (efveIe. 2~14) ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
In whom are the ocean, river and waters. In whom are existed the food and the
creatures; in whom are active, breathing and moving; may this Earth place us in first
drink.
Notes – ke=Àä³eë ö Nom. plu. of ke=Àefä from Krs ‘to plough’. Griffith takes it to mean
‘corn – lands’. But in the present context it should be taken to mean creatures, that
live on food. mebyeYetJegë ö meced + bhu ‘to be’ perf. 3rd. pllu.; not unaccented because
preceded by – efpevJeefle ö Jinu ‘to puicken’ pres. 3rd. sing; not unaccented because
preceded by - ³em³eeced ÒeeCeled ö Òe + an ‘to breathe’; here Upasarga is not separated by
avagraha in the padatext; because is not used as independent word. Speled - ej ‘to stir’
+ Mele=. HegJe&Hes³es ö Upapada ccompd. Accented on the second member
(ieeflekeÀejkeÀesHeHeoemke=Àled Pan. VI.2.139).
meb.Hee.- ³em³ee½eleñeë ÒeefoMeë He=efLeJ³ee ³em³eecevveb ke=Àä³eë meb yeYetJegë ~
³ee efyeYeefle& yengOee ÒeeCeospeled mee vees Yetefceieex<JeH³eVes oOeeleg ~~4~~
He.Hee. - ³em³eeë ~ ®elem$eë ~ ÒeçefoMeë ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~ ³eçm³eeced ~ ÞeVeced ~ ke=Àä³eë ~ mecedçyeYetJegë ~ ³ee ~
efJeYeefle& ~ yengçOee ~ ÒeeCeled ~ Speled ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ iees<eg ~ ÞeefHe ~ ÞeVes ~ oOeeleg ~~4~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 49
DevJe³e ö³em³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë ®elem$eë ÒeefoMeë (meefvle); ³em³eeced DeVeb ke=Àä³eë mebyeYetJegë ³ee ÒeeCeod Speled
yengOee efJeYeefle&; mee Yetefceë veë iees<eg DeVes DeefHe oOeeleg ~
Meyoe.- ³em³eeë = efpemekesÀ, peleñeë = ®eej, ÒeefoMeë = efoMee³eW, He=efLeJ³ee = He=efLeJeer keÀer, ³em³eeced =
efpemeHej, DeVeced = DeVe, ke=Àä³eë = ÒeeCeer, mebyeYetJegë = meÊee ceW nQ, ³ee = pees, efyeYeefle& = OeejCe keÀjleer
nw, yengOee = DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej mes, ÒeeCeled = mebeme uesvesJeeues keÀes, Speled = efJe®ejCe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes, mee =
Jen, veë = nceW, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, iees<eg = iee³eeW ceW, DeefHe = Yeer, DeVes, oOeeleg = OeejCe keÀjs ~
meb.Yee. - ³em³eeë Þem³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë ÒeLeveMeeruee³ee Yetcesë, ®eleñeë ÒeefoMeë YetJe&eÐee cegK³ee efoMe
Þeeives³eeefokeÀesCewë meefnlee Jele&vles ~ efoievleHe³e&vlee ceneefJemleejs³eb He=efLeJeerefle YeeJeë ~ ³em³eeb ®ewlem³eeced ÞeVeb
ceveg<³eejeceenej³eesi³eced, ke=Àä³ees pevemecetne½e leogHeYeesÊkeÀejë mecyeYetJegë mebYetleeë mebYeefJe<³eefvle ®e ~ ³ee ®e
Yetefceë yengOee veeveepeeleer³eceveskeÀÒekeÀejb ÒeeCeled éemeppeerJeled ÒeeefCepeeleced Speled ®esäceeveb efÜHee®®eleg<HeeoeefokebÀ
efyeYee&le Oeej³eefle GojHetjCesve Heg<Ceeefle ~ mee Yetefceë, veë Þemceeved iees<eg oOeeleg, JeeCeer<eg JeeCeerÒe³eesiemeeceL³ex
oOeeleg ~ ÒeLeJee iees<eg #eerefj<eg HeMeg<eg ~ cetcesë ke=ÀHe³ee He³ee&Hleb JeeCeerÒe³eesiemeeceL³e¥ ueYescenerl³eLe&ë ~ `ieewJez JeekedÀ
ieewefJe&je[d ieewefjob meJe&ced (cew. meb. 4~2~3) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe ~ ³eÜe He³ee&Hleb ieesOeveb ueYescenerefle ~ DeVes ®e
oOeeleg Yetefceefj³eb ÒeYetleceVecemcel#es$es<etlHeeo³eleg ~
efn.De.ö efpeme He=æefLeJeer keÀer ®eej osMeeceW nw; efpemeHej De$e leLee ÒeeefCe³eeW keÀer meÊee nw, pees meebme uesvesJeeues
leLee efJe®ejCe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej mes OeejCe keÀjleer nw, Jen He=efLeJeer nceW iee³ees ceW leLee DeVe ceW
Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Earth of whose are the four quarters; in whom are existed the food and the creatures;
who holds varied may the breathing and moving (creatures) may Earth place us in
cows and also in food.
mebb.Hee.- ³em³eeb HetJex HetJe&pevee efJe®eefkeÀjs ³em³eeb osJee ÒemegjeveY³eJele&³eved ~
ieJeeceéeeveeb Je³eme½e efJeÿe Yeieb Je®e&ë He=efLeJeer vees oOeeleg ~~5~~
HeoHeeþë
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 50
He.Hee. - ³em³eeced ~ HetJex ~ HetJe&çpeveeë ~ efJeç®eefkeÀjs ~ ³em³eeced ~ osJeeë ~ Òemegjeved ~
ÞeefYeçÞeJele&³eved ~ ieJeeced ~ Þeéeeveeced ~ Je³emeë ~ ®e ~ efJeçmLee ~ Yeieced ~ Je®e&ë ~ He=efLeJeer ~
veë ~ oOeeleg ~~5~~
DevJe³e öHetJex mem³eeb HetJe&pevee efJe®eef¬eÀjs, ³em³eeb osJeeë Demegjeved Dec³eJele&³eved; (³ee) ieJeeced Deéeeleeb
Je³emeÞe efJeÿe (Deefmle); (mee) He=efLeJeer veë Yeieb Je®e&ë oejleg ~
Meyoe.ö efJeéeYeje = meyekeÀe YejCe-Hees<eCe keÀjvesJeeueer, JemegOeeveer = Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjvesJeeueer,
Òeefleÿe = meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mLeeve, efnC³eJe#ee = mJeCe& keÀer Je#emLeue$eeueer, peeleë = mebmeej keÀes,
efveJesMeveer = Deejece osves Jeeueer, Jewéeevejced = Jewéeevej Deefive keÀe SkeÀ veece nw, efJeYe´leer = OeejCe keÀjleer
ngF& nw, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, Deefiveced = DeefVe keÀes, Fvê$eÝ<eYee = Fvê Üeje mebjef#ele, He=efLeJeer = He=efLeJeer, vees
= Fmes, oOeeleg = Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~
meb.Yee.ö ³em³eeb He=efLeJ³eeb, HetJex Hegjeleveeë HetJe&ceglHeVeeë, YetJe&peveeë Demceoer³eeë HetJe&Heg©<eeë, efJe®eef¬eÀjs
efJeMes<esCe veJeveJeeefve Jemletefve GlHeeo³eeceemegë, ³eÜe mebMeesOevesve mebmkeÀejb ÒeeHegë ~ ³em³eeb ®eem³ecesJe He=efLeJ³eeb
osJee Fvêeo³eë Òemegjeved Je=$eeoerved ÒeY³eJele&³eved HejeYeJeved~ osJee½eemegje½e He=efLeJ³eeb DeJemeved ~ `He=efLeJeer n nw
meJex<eeb osJeeveeceeÐeleveced ~` (Me.ye´e. 14~3~2~4) meefle ye´eïeCeceefHe ~ ³ee ®e He=efLeJeer ieJeeb ieJeeoerveeb
#eerefjCeiced, Òeéeeveeb Jeenvecetleeveeb YeejJeeefnveeb ®e HeMetveeb Je³emeë efJenieHeve²eosë meHe#em³e peerJemebcetnm³e,
³emJee Je³emeesçVem³e ®e efJeÿe efJeMes<esj mLeeveYetlee meJex<eeb efveJeemeYetlee He=efLeJeer veë Òemcem³eb Ye³eced Ssée³e¥
Je®eex ye´ïeJe®e&mJe ®e oOeeleg ooeleg ~
efn.De. ö Henues HetJe&pees ves efpemekesÀ THej efJe®ejCe efkeÀ³ee Lee; efpeme Hej osJeeW ves Demegjes keÀes Hejeefpele efkeÀ³ee
Lee; (pees) iee³ees, Deéees leLee Heef#e³ees keÀer efveJeeme mLeue nw, (Jen) He=efLeJeer nceW meewYeei³e leLee lespe OeejCe
keÀjeJes ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
On whom, in aforetime, the ancestors, battled; on whom the gods attacked the
demons; (who is) the varied station of cows, horses and birds; may this Earth
vouchsafe us fortune and luster.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 51
Notes :- efJe®eef$keÀjs ö Kr. ‘to make’ Atm. Perf. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because
preceded by ³em³eeced. Dec³eJele&³evedõ DeefYe + Vrt ‘to turn’ caus, impf. 3rd. plu; not
unaccented because preceded by ³em³eeced. efJeÿe ö efJe + stha to stand + keÀ.
meb.Hee. efJeéebYeje JemegOeeveer Òeefle<edbe efnjC³eJe#ee peielees efveJesMeveer ~
Jewéeevejb efyeYe´leer Yetefcejefiveefcevê$eÝ<eYee êefJeCees vees oOeeleg ~~6~~
HeoHeeþëö efJeéecedçYeje ~ JemegçOeeveer ~ ÒeefleçmLee ~ efnjC³eçJe#eeë ~ peieleë ~ efveçJesMeveer ~
Jewéeevejced ~ efyeYe´leer ~ Yetefceë ~ Òeefiveced ~ Fvêç$eÝ<eYee ~ êefJeCes ~ veë ~ oOeeleg ~~6~~
DevJe³e ö efJeéebceje, JemegOeeveer, Òeefleÿe, efnjC³eJe#ee, peeleë efveJesMeveer, Fvoj$eÝ<eYee Yetefceë Jewéeevejced
Deefiveb efyeYe´leer veë êefJeCes oOeeleg ~
Meyoeõ efJeéeYeje = meyekeÀe YejCe-keÀes<eCe keÀjvesJeeueer, yemegOeeveer = Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjvesJeeueer,
Òeefleÿe = meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mLeeve, efnC³eJe#ee = mJej& keÀer Je#emLeueJeeueer, peeleë = mebmeej keÀes,
efveJesMeveer = Deejece osves Jeeueer, Jewéeevejced = Jewéeevej Deefive keÀe SkeÀ veece nw, efyeYe´leer = OeejCe keÀjleer
ngF& nw, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, Deefiveced = Deefive keÀes, Fvê$eÝ<eYee = Fvê Üeje mebjef#ele, êefJeCes = Oeve ceW, veë
= nceW, oOeeleg = Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~
meb.Yee- ³ee Yetefceë efJeéebYeje ~ efJeéeb meceûe ®eje®ejb efyeYe´Cee Oeejef³e$eer Hees<eef³e$eer ®e YeJeefle ~ `ceelesJe Jee F³eb
ceveg<³eeved efyeYee|le~` ? (cee. Me. 5~3~1~4) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe YeJeefle ~ ³ee ®e JemegOeeveer JemetveeceveOee&Ceeb
jlveeveeb efJeOeeveYetlee, Òeefleÿe Òeiee{eOeejYetlee, efJejC³eJe#eeë Je#eefme megJeCee&oerveeb Oe$eea, peielees
ieeflemJeYeeJem³e peerJepeelem³e ®e mJemJeevegketÀues mLeeves, efveJesMeveer DeeJeemeef³e$eer DeeÞe³eYetlee YeJeefle ~ mes³eb
Jewéeevejb efJeéeeved vejeved mJeOecex ve³evleb Òesj³evleced Òeefiveb JesÐeeb efyeYe´leer Oeej³evleer meleer Fvê$eÝ<eYee YeJeefle ~
Fvêë $eÝ<eYees jsleëmesÊkeÀe ³em³eemlee¢Meer YeJeefle ~ `³elHepe&v³eë He=efLeJeeW jslemeeçJeefle` Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~
Hepe&v³esvesvêÒesefjlesve ³ee HeÀueJeleer YeJeleerefle YeeJeë ~ mee Yetefceë veë Òemceeved êefJeCes oOeeleg ~ Òe®egjb
efnjC³eHeéeeefoOevecemceY³eb ooeleg ~ efJeéebYeje efyeYelexë `meb%ee³eeb Ye=l$eÝJe=efpeOeeefj;` (Hee. 3~2~46) Fefle
Ke®ed, `Òe©efÜ&<eod.` (Hee. 6~3~67) Fefle cegced ~ JemegOeeveer Jemeg Oeer³elesçm³eeced ~ oOeelesjefOekeÀjCes u³egìd,
*erHed ~ peieleë iecesë efkeÌJeHed, efÜlJeb legkedÀ ®e ~ efveJesMeveer efveefJeMelesu³eg&ìd, *erHed ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 52
efn.De.ö meyekeÀe YejCe Hees<eCes keÀjves Jeeueer, Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjves Jeeueer, meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mJeCe&Je#ee
mLeue Jeeueer, peieled keÀes Deejece osves Jeeueer, Fvê Üeje jef#ele He=efLeJeer Jewéeevej Deefive keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer ngF&
nceW Oeve ceW Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
(Who is) all-bearing. store of riches, firm standing-place, gold-breasted and harbouror
of the moving (world); may this Earth, having Indra as her protector. bearing the
universal Agni, place us in wealth.
Notes — JengYeje ö efJeéeb Yejleerefle mee ³ee efJeéebYeje. Tatpurusa compd, accented on the final
syllable (meceemem³e Pan. VI-1.223) JemegOeeveer — Jemeg + dha ‘to put’ + u³egìd + *erHed,
efnjC³eJe#ee — Bahuvrihi compd. accented on the first member, efveJesMeveer — See efveJeMeveerced
(Rv. I.35.1). efyeYe´leer — bhr. ‘to bear’ + Mele= + *erHe accented on the reduplicated
syallable (DeY³emleeveeceeefoë Pan-VI.1.189). Fvê$eÝ<eYee — Bahuvrihi compd, accented on
the first member.
meb.Hee.- ³eeb j#evl³emJeHvee efJeéeoeleeR osJee Yetefceb He=efLeJeerceÒeceeoced ~
mee vees ceOeg efÒe³eb ogneceLes G#eleg Je®e&mee ~~7~~
He.Hee.ö³eeced ~ j#eefvle ~ DeemJeHveeë ~ efJeéeçoeveerced ~ osJeeë ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~
DeÒeçceeoced ~ mee ~ veë ~ ceOeg ~ efÒe³eced ~ ogneced ~ DeeLees Fefle ~ G#eleg ~ Je®e&mee ~~7~~
DevJe³e ö ³ee&b He=efLeJeeR Yetefceced DemJeHveeë osJee efJeÞeoeveerced DeÒeceeob j#eefvle mee (He=efLeJeer) veë efÒe³ebceOeg ogneced
DeLees Je®e&mee G#eleg ~
Meyoe.ö meeced = efpemekeÀer, j#eefvle = j#ee keÀjles nQ, DemJeHveeë = keÀYeer ve meesvesJeeues, efJeéeoeveerced =
meJe&oe, osJeeë = osJe, Yetefceced = Yetefce, keÀes, He=efLeJeerced = ®eew[er, DeÒeceeoced = efJevee efkeÀmeer Òeceeo kesÀ, mee
= Jen, veë = nces, ceOeg = ceOegj, efÒe³eced = efÒe³e, ogneced = ®egDeeJes, DeLees = Deewj, G#eleg = efmeefáele keÀjs,
Je®e&mee = lespe mes ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 53
meb.Yee.-³eeb He=efLeJeerb ÒeLeceMeerueecegJeea Yetefceced DemJeHveeë veeefmle mJeHvees efveêe les<eeb les efJeieleefveêe osJeeë ~
`peeûeefle osJeee` (cee.Me. 2~1~4~7), `ve Jew osJeeë mJeHeefvle` (cee.Me. 3~2~2~22) Fefle
ye´eïeCeceefHe YeJeefle ~ lee¢Meeë meleleb peeie=Jeebmees osJee ÐeesleveMeerueeë efJeéeoeveeR meJe&oe, DeLeJee
YetceesefJe&Mes<eCeefceoced, efJeéeeefve mecemeleeefve oeveeefve os³eJemletefve ³em³eemleeb Yetefceced ~ j#eefvle meJe&oe meeJeOeevee
DeJeefvle ~ mee Yetefceë veë Demcelke=Àles efÒe³eb ceveesçvegketÀueb efnb ®e ceOeg #eewêb Jee #eerjeefokebÀ ceOegjb Hes³eb, ceOegjb
JeeçVeeefokebÀ ogneced megiOeeced ~ DemceY³eb Òe³e®íeflJelJeLe&ë ~ DeLees DeLe ®e ceOegjenejoevesve menwJe Je®e&mee
ye´ïeJe®e&mee yeuesve Jee G#eleg Demceeled DeefYeef<eáeleg ~ He=efLeJ³ee oÊesve ceOegjsCeeVesve Je³eb Je®ee|mJeveë m³ecesefve~
efJeéeoeveeR efJeéeeled `oeveeW ®e` (Hee. 5~3~18) Fefle oeveerced ~ ogneb ogiOeeced ognsueexefì Dee<e& ªHeced ~
efn.w.ö efpeme efJeMeeue Yetefce keÀer, keÀYeer ve meesvesJeeues osJe meJe&oe Òeceeo jefnle neskeÀj j#ee keÀjles nQ, Jen
(He=efLeJeer)nceW efÒe³e ceOeg ®egDeeJes Deewj lespe mes DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
The wide and all-giving Earth, whom the gods who never sleep always protect with
ceaseress care, may she pour out for us the lovely mead and sprinkle (ujs) with luster.
Notes — j#eefvle ö raks ‘to protect’ pres. 3rd. sing.; not unaccented because
preceded by ³eeced. efJeéeoeveerced -efJeée + da ‘to give’ + u³egìd + *erHed. Sayana takes it as an
adverb and renders by `meJe&keÀeueced` (Sa. On RV.I. 164.40). Griffith following Sayana
takes it to mean ‘always’. According to MWD. efJeéeoeveerced means ‘all-giving’, ogneced õ
duh ‘to milk’ impv. Atm. 3rd. Sing. See notes on (RV. VI 54.3) G#eleg – uks ‘to
sprinkle’ impv. 3rd. sing.
meb.Hee.- ³eeCe&JesefOe meefueueceûe Deemeerled ³eeb mee³eeefYejvJe®ejvceveeref<eCeë ~
³em³ee Ëo³eb J³eesçcevlmel³esveeJe=lecece=leb He=efLeJ³eeë ~~
mee vees YetefceefmlJeef<eb yeueb jeäs oOeeletÊeces ~~8~~
He.Heeõ ³ee ~ DeCe&Jes ~ DeefOe ~ meefueueced ~ Deûes ~ Deemeerled ~ ³eeced ~ cee³eeefYeë ~ DevegçDe®ejved ~
ceveeref<eCeë ~ ³em³eeë ~ Ëo³eced ~ Hejces ~ efJeçDeesceved ~ mel³esve ~ DeeçJe=leced ~ Dece=leced ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~ mee ~
veë ~ Yetefceë ~ eflJeef<eced ~ yeueced ~ jeä^s ~ oOeeleg ~ Gledçleces ~~8~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 54
DevJe³ee ö ³ee (He=efLeJeer) Deûes DeCe&Jes DeefOe meefueueced Deemeerled; ³eeb ceveeref<eCeë cee³eeefYeë DevJe®ejved; ³em³eeë
He=efLeJ³eeë mel³esve DeeJe=leced Dece=leb Ëo³eb Hejces J³eesceved (Deeefmle) mee Yetefceë veë GÊeces jeä^s eflJeef<eb yeue
oOeeleg ~
Meyoe.ö ³ee = pees, DeCe&Jes, DeefOe = THej, meefueueced = peue, Deûes = Henues, Deemeerled = Leer, ³eeced =
efpemekeÀes, mee³eeefYeë = keÀceex Üeje, ³ee = Jegef×mes, DevJe®ejved = DevegmejCe efkeÀ³ee Lee, ceveerefHeCeë =
Jegef×ceevees ves, ³em³eeë = efpemekeÀe, Ëo³eced = Ëo³e, Hejces = meJeex®®e, J³eesceved = DeekeÀeMe ceW, mel³eesve =
mel³eÜeje, DeeJe=leced = ©keÀe ngDee nw, Dece=leced = mece=le, He=efLeJ³eeë = He=efLeJeer keÀe, mee = Jen, veë = nceW,
Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, eflJeef<eced = lespe, yeueced = MeefkeÌle, jeäs = jeä^ ceW, oOeeleg = OeejCe keÀjeJes, GÊeces =
meJe&Þesÿ ~
meb.Yee.ö ³ee He=efLeJeer Deûes me=äd³eejcYeelHetJe&ced DeCe&Jes DeefOe GoefOeceO³es meefueueb peueªHee peueceivee
Jeeçmeerled ~ `DeefÓë He=efLeJeeR DevJeeYeJeled ~` (keÀeþ. meb. 43~4), DeeHees Jee Foceemeved meefueuecesJe, me
ÒepeeHeefleJe&jenes YetlJeesHev³eceppeled, lem³e ³eeJevcegKeceemeerled leeJeleea ce=ocegonjled, mes³eb (He=efLeJeer) DeYeJeled ~
(keÀeþ. meb. 8~2) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~ ³eeb He=efLeJeeR ceveeref<eCees ceveme Fe|<eleejë Òee%ee~ ye´ïejepev³eeo³ees
cee³eeefYeë efJeefJeOewyege|×ÒekeÀ<exë efJeefJeOeeefYeefve&ceefCeef$keÀ³eeefYeë ke=Àef<ekeÀcee&efoefYeë DevJe®ejved efJevelee YetlJee
leecemesJevle ~ ³em³eeë Dem³ee Ëo³eb peerJeYetleb mel³esve $eÝlesve DeeJe=leb meJe&le Dee®íeefoleb megjef#eleced, Dele SJe
Dece=leb cejCeOece&jefnleb Hejces J³eesceved meJe&Þesÿs J³eesefcve efoefJe efmLeleced F&éejs mecee|Heleced ~ mee S<ee cetefceë veë
DemceY³eced GÊeces meJeee|leMeeef³eefve Þesÿs, jeä^s osMes meJe&$e peves<eg; eflJeef<eb HeeJeveb lespeë meeceL³e¥ Jee, yeueb ®e
Me$egOe<e&CeHe³ee&Hleb oOeeleg ³e®íleg ~ DeCe&Jes DeCeee|me peueeefve mevl³e$e ~ `DeCe&mees ueesHe½e` (Jee.
Hee.5~2~109) Fefle Jeë meueesHe½e ~ cee³eeefYeë cee*d ceeves pegnesl³eeosë `ceeíemeefmeY³ees ³eë ~`
(G.4~109) Fefle ³eë, ìeHed ®e ~ cee³ee yegef×ë `cee³ee m³ee®íecyejerye׳eesë Fefle cesefleveer. 116~46 ~
efn.De.ö pees Henues mecegê ceW peue kesÀ ªHe ceW Leer; efpemekeÀe yegef×ceevees ves DeHeveer Jegef× mes DevegmejCe efkeÀ³ee;
efpeme He=efLeJeer keÀe mel³e mes {keÀe ngDee keÀYeer ve cejves Jeeuee Ëo³e meJeex®®e DeekeÀeMe ceW nw; Jen He=efFJeer nceejs
meJe&Þesÿ jeä^ ceW lespe Deewj MeefkeÌle OeejCe keÀjeJes ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Who at first was water in the ocean; whom the wise ones followed with their powers;
the Earth whose immortal heart, encompassed with Truth, is in the highest heaven;
May she, the Earth, bestow upon our great nation the luster and the power.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 55
Notes – Deemeerled öas ‘to be’. Impf. 3rd. sing.; not unccented because preceded by ³ee.
DevJe®ejved ö Deveg + car ‘to move’ imf. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by
³eeced. J³eesçceved – Loc. sing. termination has been dropped (megHeeb meguegkedÀ. -Pan. VII. 1.39).
In the Atharvaveda Sahimta #ewÒemJeefjle if not followed by Udatta, is marked with the
sign. (S)
meb.Hee. ö ³em³eeceeHeë Heefj®ejeë meceeveerjnesje$es DeÒeceeob #ejefvle ~
mee vees YetefceYet& efjOeeje He³ees ogneceLees G#eleg Je®e&mee ~~9~~
He.Hee.ö ³em³eeced ~ DeeHeë ~ Heefjç®ejeë ~ meceeveerë ~ Denesje$es Fefle ~ DeÒeçceeoced ~ #ejefvle ~
mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ YetefjçOeeje ~ He³eë ~ ogneced ~ DeLees Fefle ~ G#eleg ~ Je®e&mee ~
DevJe³e ö ³em³eeb (He=efLeJ³eeb) Heefj®ejeë meceeveerë DeeHeë Denesje$es DeÒeceeob #ejefvle; mee-YetefjOeeje Yetefceë veë
He³egë ogneced; De³ees Je®e&mee G#eleg ~
Meyeoe. ö ³em³eeced =efpemeceW, DeeHeë = peue, Heej®ejeë = ®eeje lejHeÀ efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues, meceeveer =
meJe&YeewefcekeÀ, Denesje$es = efove-jele, DeÒeceeoced = Òeceeojefnle neskeÀj, #ejefvle = yenles nQ, mee = Jen,
veë = nceejs efue³es, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, YetefjOeeje = DeveskeÀ Oeeje Jeeueer, He³eë = otOe, ogneced = ®egDeeJes,
DeLees Deewj, G#eleg = DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs, Je®e&mee = lespe mes ~
meb.Yee.- mel³eeb Yetc³eeced DeeHees veoerefveYke&ÀjeefoÒeJeenªHeeë Heefj®ejeë Heefjleë He=efLeJ³eeb ®ejvl³eë ÒeJenvl³eë
mel³eë, ®eleme=<eg efo#eg meceeveerë meceeveªHesCe Jele&ceeveeë, #ejefvle meleleb Jenefvle ~ `mecegêes nerceeceefYeleë
efHevJeles (cee.Me. 7~4~1~9) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe ~ ³em³eeb ®e Denesje$es Den½e jeef$e½e DeÒeceeob
ÒeceeoesçveJeOeevelee ³eLee ve m³eeÊeLee, efve³ecesve ³eLeemece³eb #ejefvle Jenefvle He³ee&Jelesvles ~ mee leeo=Meer cetefjOeeje
DeveskeÀeefYeë veoerefveYke&ÀjªHeeefYeOee&jeefYe³egkeÌlee Yetefceë veë Demcec³eb He³ees peueb ke=Àef<eefnleb, He³ees Jee ogvIeb
#eerefjCeerveeb ieJeeb ÜejsCe ogneb ogiOeeb ooeeflJel³eLe&ë ~ DeLees DeLe ®e Hegve½eemceeled Je®e&mee ye´ïeJe®e&mee G#eleg
DeefYeef<eáeleg ~ Deespeesçmceemeg oOeeeflJeefle ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 56
efn.De.ö efpeme (He=efLeJeer) Hej ®eejeW lejHeÀ efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues meeJe&YeewefcekeÀ peue efove-jele Òeceeo jefnle
neskeÀj ÒeJeeefnle nesles nQ; Jen DeveskeÀ OeejeDeeW Jeeueer He=efLeJeer nceejs efue³es otOe ®egDeeJes Deewj lespe mes De-
DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
In whom the all-moving universal waters day and night unceasingly flow; May she,
the Earth of many streams, pour out for us the milk and sprinkle (us) with luster.
Notes - - #ejefvle ö ksar ‘to flow’, pres. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by
³em³eeced Denesje$es – Dvandva compd, accented on the final syllable. Final Syllable is
progrhya; hence, Fefle in the pada-text. YetefjOeeje –Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the
first member ogneced – See AV. XII 1.7 G#eleg –See AV. XII. 1.7 DeLees – (DeLe + G) a Final
Dees is pragrhya.
meb.Hee. - ³eeceeféeveeJeefceceeleeb efJe<Ceg³e&m³eeb efJe®e¬eÀces ~
Fvêes ³eeb ®e¬eÀ Deelcevesveefce$eeb Me®eerHeefleë ~
mee vees YetefceefJe& me=peleeb ceelee Heg$ee³e ces He³eë ~~10~~
He.Hee. - ³eeced ~ Deeféeveew ~ Deefceceeleeced ~ efJe<Cegë ~ ³em³eeced ~ efJeç®e¬eÀces ~ Fvêë ~ ³eeced ~
®e¬eÀ ~ Deelceves ~ Deveefce$eeced ~ Me®eerçHeefleë ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ efJe ~ me=peleeced ~ ceelee ~
Heg$ee³e ~ ceW ~ He³eë ~~10~~
DevJe³e ö ³eeb (He=efLeJeerced) Deeféeveew Deefceceeleeb, ³em³eeb efJe<Cegë efJe®e¬eÀces, ³eeb Me®eerHeefleë Fvêë Deelceves
Deveefce$eeb ®e¬esÀ, mee Yetefceë veë He³eë efJeme=peleeced, ceelee Heg$ee³e ces (He³eë efJeme=peleeced) ~
Meyoe.ö ³eeced = efpemekeÀes, Deeféeveew = oesvees DeeféeveerkegÀceejeW ves, Deefceceeleeced = veeHee Lee, efJe<Ceg = efJe<Ceg
ves, ³em³eeced = efpeme Hej, efJe®e¬eÀces = keÀoce jKee Lee, Fvêë = Fvê ves, ³eeced = efpemekeÀes, ®e¬esÀ = efkeÀ³ee
Lee, Deelceves = DeHeves efue³es, Deveefce$eeced = Me$egjefnle, Me®eerHeefleë = MeefkeÌle kesÀ mJeeceer, mee = Jen, veë =
nceejs efue³es, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, efJeme=peleeced = ÒeJeeefnle keÀjs, ceelee = ceelee, Heg$ee³e = Heg$e kesÀ efue³es, ces =
cesjs efue³es, He³eë = otOe ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 57
meb.Yee.ö ³eeb Yetefceced Deeféeleew Denesje$es ³eLeekeÌ$eceb He³ee&Jele&ceeves Deefceceelejb Heefjefceleeced F³eÊe³ee efceleeb
kegÀ©leë ~ `Deeféeveew ³eod J³eMvegJeeles meJeb jmesveev³ees p³eesefle<eev³eë.......~ Denesje$eeefJel³eskesÀ ....... (efve©.
12~1~1) Fefle efve©keÌleced ~ `Denp³exefle<ee J³eMvegles jeef$ejJeM³ee³ewefjefle ogie&ë ~ cegK³eew (Denesje$es (cew.)
Jeeeféeveew (³e%em³e) ~ (cew.meb. 3~4~4) (cee.Mee. 4~1~5~11) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe ~ ³em³eeb ®e He=efLeJ³eeb
efJe<CegefJe®e¬eÀces ~ Jesefä peieefoefle efJe<Cegë met³e&ë, Go³eemlece³eeefo¬eÀcesCe efJe®e¬eÀces efJeMes<esCe ¬eÀcelesçveJejleb
Je³ee&Jele&les ~ ³eÜe efJe<Cevee&je³eCees JeeceveªHesCe yeefueb JemegOeeb ³ee®eceevees ³em³eeb ÒeLecesvewJe Heosve efJe®e¬eÀces
¬eÀec³eved peieeced ~ `efJe<Cegb Jew osJee Deeve³eved Jeeceveb ke=ÀlJee, ³eeJeo³eb ef$eefJe&¬eÀceles leomceekeÀefceefle ~ me Jee
FocesJeeûes J³e¬eÀceleeçLesoceLeeoë æ(He=efLeJeercevleefj#eb efoJeced) ~ (cew.meb. 3~8~3) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~1
³eeb Yetefceced Fvêë Me¬eÀë Me®eerHeefleë Me®³ee Jee®eë keÀce&Ceë Òe%ee³ee Jee Heefleë, ³eÜe Me®³eeë Heewueesc³eeë
Heefleefjvêë, Deelceves mJeefnlee³e, He=efLeJeerJeeefmevees ceeveJee ³e%esve ceeb YeeJe³evleg Fefle yeg׳ee, Deveefce$eeced
Deefce$ejefnleeb efveëmeHelveeb ®e¬esÀ mee F&¢Meer veë DemceekebÀ ceelee peveveer Hees<eef³e$eer ®e Yetefceë Heg$ee³e DeHel³eYetlee³e
ceW ce¿eb ceef×lee³e He³ees peuecemceekebÀ ke=ÀHesë peerJeveb He³eesçVejmeeefoiees#eerjeefo ®e efJeme=peleeb efJees<esCeeslHeeo³eleg ~
³eLee ceelee Heg$ee³e He³eë mlev³eb efJeme=peefle Hees<eCee³e leLewJes³e ceW ceelee Yetefceë meJee&ved jmeeved efJeme=peleg ~ Deeféeveew
ÒeMemlee Deéeeë mevl³eve³eesë `Dele Fefveþveew` (Hee.5~2~115) ~
efn.De.ö efpemekeÀes Deeféeveer kegÀceejeW ves veeHee Lee, efpeme Hej efJe<Ceg ves keÀoce jKee Lee, MeefkeÌle kesÀ mJeeceer Fvê
ves DeHeves efue³es efpemekeÀes Me$egjefnle yevee³ee Lee, Jen He=efLeJeer nceejs efue³es, ceelee cegPe Heg$e kesÀ efue³es otOe
ÒeJeeefnle keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Whom the Asvins measured out; upon whom visnu strode; whom Indra the lord of
power, made it foelless for himself; May she the Earth pour out her milk for us, for
me her son.
Notes – Deefceceeleecedöma ‘to meausre’ impf. 3rd. dual; not unaccented because preceded
by³eeced. efJe®e¬eÀcesefJe + kram ‘to stride’, Atm. Perf. 3rd. sing; not unaccented because
preceded by ³em³eeced. ®e¬esÀ – Kr ‘to make’ Atm. Perf. 33rd. sing. Deveefce$eeced – Bahuvrihi
compd. Accented on the second. Member. Me®e erHeefleë– It is a word of double accent
(Gces JevemHel³eeefo<eg ³egieHeled- Pan VI.2.140). me=peleeced ~Sr ‘to emit’impv. 3rd sing.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 58
meb.Hee. - efiej³emles HeJe&lee efnceJevleesçjC³eb les He=efLeefJe m³eesvecemleg ~
yeYe´g ke=À<Ceeb jesefnCeeR efJeMeJeªHeeb Oe´gJeeb Yetefceb He=efLeJeerefcevêiegHleeced ~
Depeerleesnlees De#eleesO³eÿeb He=efLeJeercenced ~~11~~
He.Hee.- efiej³eë ~ les ~ HeJe&leeë ~ efnceçJevleë ~ DejC³eced ~ les ~ He=efLeefJe ~ m³eesveced ~ Demleg ~
yeYe´gced ~ ke=À<Ceeced ~ jesefnCeerced ~ efJeéeçªHeeced ~ Oe´gJeeced ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ FvêçiegHleeced ~
Depeerleë ~ Denleë ~ De#eleë ~ DeefOe ~ DemLeeced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Denced ~~11~~
DevJe³e - (ns) He=efLeJeer, les efiej³eë efnceJevleë HeJe&leeë, les DejC³eb (veë) m³eesveced Demleg ~ Depeerleë Denleë
De#eleë Denb yeYe´gb ke=À<Ceeb jesefnCeer efJeéeªHeeb Oe´gJeeced FvêiegHleeb He=efLeJeeR Yetefceced DeefOe DemLeeced ~
Meyoe.ö efiej³eë = Heneef[³eeb, les = legcnejer, HeJe&leeë = HeJe&le, efnceJevleë = efnce³egkeÌle, DejC³eced =
pebieue, les = legcnejs, He=efLeJeer = ns He=efLeJeer, m³eesveced = megKekeÀj, Demleg = nesJes, yeve´gced = Yetjs JeCe&keÀer,
ke=À<Ceced = ke=À<CeJeCe& ¬eÀer, jesefnCeerced = ueue JeCe& keÀer, efJeéeªHeeced = DeveskeÀ ªHees Jeeueer, Oe´gJeced =
Deìue, Yetefceced = He=efLeJeer, He=efLeJeerced = ®eew[er, FvêiegHleeced = Fvê Üeje DeefYeef#ele, Depeerleë = efkeÀmeer kesÀ
Üeje ve peerlee peevesJeeuee, Denleë = efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve ceeje peevesJeeuee, DeefOe DemLeeced = efmLele ngDee nw,
He=efLeJeerced = He=efLeJeer kesÀ THej, Denced = ceQ ~ De#eleë = efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje #ele ve nesvesJeeuee ~
meb.Yee.ö He=efLeefJe ns ÒeLeveMeerues GefJe&, les leJe efiej³ees Deê³eë meewueÒeosMeeë, efnceJevleë G®®eeJe®es<eg Þe=*dies<eg
efnceb leg<eejb Oeej³evleë, HeJe&leeë HeJe&Jevleë MeefKeefjCeë, les lJeoer³ecedDejC³eb ceneJeveb, ®e meJe&cesleomcelke=Àles
m³eesveb megKekeÀjb ceveesçvegketÀueced Demleg YeJeleg ~ yeYe´g efHe²ueJeCee¥, ke=À<Ceeb M³eeceJeCee¥ keÀ<e&Ce³eesi³eeb, jesefnCeerced
DeejkeÌleJeCee¥ Oeev³eJevemHel³eeefojesnCeevegketÀueeb, efJeéeªHeeced DeekeÀej-JeCee&efoefYejveskeÀªHeeb, Oe´gJeeb
efmLejece®eueeced FvêiegHleeced FjeceVecegefÎM³e o=Ceeveve cesIeb efJeoej³elesvêsCeiegHleeb He³ee&HeleJe<e&Cesve jef#eleeb Yetefceb
YeJeveMeerueeb, He=efLeJeeR ÒeLeveMeerueeefceceeb He=efLeJeeR ef#eeflecenb mleeslee, Depeerlees ve kesÀveeefHe HejeYetleë, Denlees ve
Mem$eem$eeefovee Òenleë, De#eleë Mem$eeefopeefvelesve Je´Cesve jefnle½e meved DeO³eÿeced DeefOeefleÿs³eb Jemes³eced ~
mJeeceer YeJes³eced ~ HeJe&leeë `leHed HeJe&ce©YÐeeced` (Jee.Hee. 5~2~122) Fefle leHed ~ DeO³eÿeced
DeefOeefleÿlesueg&*d ~
efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, legcnejer Heneef[³eeB, efnce³egkeÌle HeJe&le leLee legcnejs pebieue (nceejs efue³es) megKekeÀj
nesJeW ~ efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve peerlee peeves Jeeuee, efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve ceeje peeves Jeeuee leLee efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje #ele
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 59
ve nesves Jeeuee ceQ He=efLeJeer Hej Yetjer, keÀeueer, ueeue, DeveskeÀ ªHeJeeueer, ®eew[er leLee Fvê Üeje DeefYejef#ele
He=efLeJeer Hej mLele ngDee nt@b ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
O Earth, thy hills, (thy) snowy mountains and thy forest be auspicious. I,
unconquered, unslained and unwounded. Have set foot upon earth brown, black,
ruddy, all-coloured. Firm and protected by Indra.
Notes – efnceJevleëöNom. Plu. of efnceJeled from efnce + celegHed. efJeéeªHeeced - In Bahuvrihi the
word efJeée, though originally accented on the first syllable. Shifts its accent to the
final syllable (yengJe´ernew efJeée meb%ee³eeced ö Paan. VI.2.106). FvêiegHleeced – Bahuvrihi compd.
Accented on the first member. DemLeeced –stha ‘to stand’ root-aorist. 1st. sing.
meb.Hee.- ³eÊes ceO³eb He=efLeefJe ³e®®e veY³eb ³eemle Tpe&mlevJeçë mebyeYetJegë~
leemeg vees Oes¿eefYe veë HeJemJe ceelee Yetefceë Heg$ees Denb He=efLeJ³eeë ~
Hepe&v³eë efHelee me G veë efHeHeleg& ~~12~~
He.Hee. - ³eled ~ les ~ ceO³eced ~ He=efLeefJe ~ ³eled ~ ®e ~ veY³eced ~ ³eeë ~ les ~ Tpe&ë ~ levJeçë ~
mecedçyeYetJegë ~ leemeg ~ veë ~ Oesefn ~ DeefYe ~ veë ~ HeJemJe ~ ceelee ~ Yetefceë ~ Heg$eë ~ Denced ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~
Hepe&v³eë ~ efHelee ~ meë ~ Tb Fefle ~ veë ~ efHeHeleg& ~~12~~
DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe, ³eled les ceO³eb ³eled ®e vec³eb ³eeë Tpe&ë les levJeë meb$eYetJegë leemeg veë Oeesefn, DeefYe veë
HeJemJe, Yetefceë ceelee Denb He=efLeJ³eeë Heg$eë (Deefmce), Hepe&v³eë veë efHelee (Deefmle) me T veë efHeHeleg& ~
Meyoe.ö ³eled = pees, les = legcneje, ceO³eced = ceO³e Yeeie, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeefJe, ³eled = pees, ®e = Deewj,
veY³eced = veeefceYeeie, ³eeë = pees, les = legcnejs, Tpe&ë = MeefkeÌle³eeb, levJeë = Mejerj mes, mebyeYetJegë =
GlHeVe ngF& nw, leemeg = Gveces, veë = nceW, Oesefn = Òeefleefÿle keÀjes, DeefYe = Deesj, veë = nceejer, HeJemJe =
ÒeJeeefnle keÀjes, ceelee = ceelee, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, Heg$eë = Heg$e, Denced = ceQ, He=efLeJ³eeë = He=efLeJeer keÀe,
Hepe&v³eë = Hepe&v³ecesIe keÀe owJeerke=Àle SJeb ceeveJeerke=Àle ªHe, efHelee = efHelee, meë = Jen, G = ner, veë = nceW,
efHeHeleg& = Heej keÀjs ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 60
meb.Yee.ö ns He=efLeefJe ! ³eled les leJe ceO³eb Yetefceueuem³e ceO³ees Yeeieë ke=À<³evegketÀueë ~ ³eÜe ceO³eb
ieYeerjcevlejeueb, ³eleë ketÀHes<eg peueb m³evoefle ~ ³e®®e ³eoefHe leJe veY³eb veeefYeÒeosMemleÜogJe&jes YetYeeieë ~ ³eÜe
veY³eb veeYemKev³eeefo-ieYeerjeled ÒeosMeppeeleb efnjC³ejlveeefo ~ ³eeë ®e les leJe Tpe&ë Tpe&mJel³eë, yeueÒeoe
Dees<eOeer³eiegCee Oeev³eHeÀueeoerveeb jmeemleJeb levJeë Mejerjeled mecyeYetJegë Depee³evle pee³evles ®e leemeg leJe levet<eg
DeVejmeeefo<eg veë Demceeved Oesefn lJeb efveOelmJe mLeeHe³e ~ Òe®egjceVejmeeefokeÀcemceY³eb osnerl³eLe&ë ~ veë
DemceeveefYe meJe&leë HeJemJe HeeJe³e Heeue³e ®e ~ F³eb Yetefceë ceW ceelee peveveer mebJeOe&ef³e$eer ®e ~ Denb mleeslee
®eem³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë Heg$eë mevleeveë ~ Hepe&v³ees Je=äd³eefYeceeveer osJees ces efHelee HeeuekeÀë ~ meë Hepe&v³e G me SJe veë
Demceeved efHeHeleg& Hetj³eleg Heeue³eleg Jee ~ Je=äd³ee Oeev³eeefoefve<Heeovesveemceeved Heg<Ceeleg ~
efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcneje ceO³e Yeeie nw Deewj pees veeefce Yeeie nw pees MeefkeÌle³eeb legcnejs Mejerj mes
GlHeVe ngF& nw, nceW Òeefleefÿle keÀjes; (GvnW) nceejer Deesj ÒeJeeefnle keÀjes ~ He=efLeJeer ceelee nw, ceQ He=efLeJeer keÀe Heg$e
ntB; Jener nceW Heej keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
O Earth, set us amid those which is thy cen. Tre, and which is thy navel, which are
thy forces produced by thy body. Make them flow towards us. Earth is mother and I
am the son of Earth; Parjanya is father; May he take us across (i rom the miseries).
Notes – mebJeYetJegë öSee Av. XII. 1.3. Oesefn – dha ‘to put’ impv 2nd. Sing. HeJeKe –Pu to
cleanse, Atm. Impy. 2nd sing. efHeHeleg& – pr ‘to pass’, impv . 3rd. sing.
me.Hee. - ³em³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=Úefvle Yetc³eeb ³em³eeb ³e%eb levJeles efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë ~
³em³eeb ceer³evles mJejJeë He=efLeJ³eecetOJee&ë Meg¬eÀe Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeled ~
mee vees YetefceJe&Oe&³eod JeOe&ceevee ~~13~~
He.Hee. - ³em³eeced ~ Jesefoced ~ Heefjçie=Úefvle ~ Yetc³eeced ~ ³em³eeced ~ ³e%eced ~ levJeles ~ efJeéeçkeÀcee&Ceë ~
³em³eeced ~ ceer³evles ~ mJejJeë ~ He=efLeJ³eeced ~ TOJee&ë ~ Meg¬eÀeë ~ Deçngl³eeë ~ Hegjmleeled ~ mee ~ veë ~
Yetefceë ~ JeOe&³eled ~ JeOe&ceevee ~~13~~
DevJe³e ö ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=Úefvle efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë ³em³eeb ³e%eb levJeles, mem³ee He=efLeJ³eeb TOJee&ë ieg¬eÀeë
mJejJeë Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeled ceer³evles, mee Yetefceë JeOe&ceevee veë JeOe&³eled ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 61
Meyoe.ö ³em³eeced = efpemeHej, ³esefoced = Jesoer keÀe, Heefjie=¿eefvle = Heefjûen keÀjles nQ, Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer
Hej, ³em³eeced = efpeme Hej, ³e%eeced = ³e%e levJeles = mecHeVe keÀjbles nQ, efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë = osJelee, ³em³eeced =
efpeme Hej, ceer³evles = iee[s peeles nQ, mJejJeë = ³e%eer³e ³etHe, He=efLeJ³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, TOJee&ë = TB®es,
Meg¬eÀeë = ÒekeÀeMeceeve, Deengl³eeë = Deengefle kesÀ, Hegjmleeledve = meeceves, mee = Jen, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, veë=
nceW, JeOe&³eled = ÒeJe=× keÀjs, JeOe&ceevee = ÒeJe=×e nesleer ngF& ~
meb.Yee.ö efJeéekeÀcee&Cees ³epeceeveeë `JewéekeÀce&Cees ie=¿eles efJeéeev³esJe lesve keÀcee&efCe ³epeceevee DeJe©vOevles ~
(lew.meb. 7~5~4~1) Fefle ÞegefleJe®eveeled ~ les ³epeceevee ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=¿eefvle Jesefoefvecee&Cee³e Yetefce
Heefjceer³e ie=¿eefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®e Yetc³eeb ³epeceeveeë ³e%eb levJeles ³e%ekeÀce& efJemleej³eefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®eeefHe Yetc³eeb
³e%eYetceew Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeod ³e%ekeÀce&efCe nesceefve<Heeoveeled HetJe¥ ³e%eMeeuee³eeë HegjesYeeies Meg¬eÀeë OeJeueJeCee&ë
Hegjmleeod ³e%ekeÀce&efCe nesceefve<Heeoveeled HetJe& ³e%eMeeuee³eeëHegjesYeeies Meg¬eÀeë OeJeueJeCee&ë mJejJees ³etHee TOJee&ë
TOJe&cegKee ceer³evles efvenv³evles, efveKev³evles Fl³eLe&ë ~ mee F³eb ³e%eeslLesveeHetJeexCe mJe³eb JeOe&ceevee mece=×e YeJevleer
Yetefceë veë DemceeveefHe JeOe&³eled mece=×eved HegC³eMeeefuevees OeveefJeYeJe³egkeÌleeved keÀjesleg ~
efn.De.ö efpeme He=efLeJeer Hej osJelee Jesoer keÀe Heefjûen keÀjles leLee efpeme Hej ³e%e mecHeVe keÀjles nQ, efpeme
He=efLeJeer Hej TB®es, SJeb ÒekeÀeMeceeve ³e%eer³e ³etHe Deengefle mes Henues iee[s peeles nw Jen HebefLeJeer ÒeJe=× nesleer ngF&
nceW ÒeJe=× keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Earth on whom (the gods) enclose the altar; on whom (they) perform the sacrifice;
Earth on whom the lofty and shining sacrificial stakes are fixed be fore the offering;
may that Earth prospering make us prospar.
Notes - Heefjie=¿eefvle ö Heefj + grah ‘lto seize’ pres. 3rd. plu; not unaccented because
preceded by ³em³eeced. levJeles – tan ‘to stretch’ Atm. Pres. 3rd. plu; not unaccented
because preceded by ³em³eeced. efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë – It is an epithet generally attributed to gods.
Griffith explains it by ‘all-performers’ Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the first
member. See efJeéeªHeeced – (AV.XII.I.II). ceer³evles –ma ‘to meausre’ pass. Atm. pres. 3rd.
plu; not unaccented because preceded by ³em³eeced. JeOe&³eled –vrdh ‘to grow’ caus.
Unangmented impf. (but impv. In sense) 3rd. sing. JeOe&ceevee –vrdh ‘to grow’ fem. nom.
sing.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 62
meb.Hee.- ³ees vees Üs<eled He=efLeefJe ³eë He=lev³eeod ³eesçefYeoemeevcevemee ³ees JeOesve ~
leb vees Yetces jvO³e HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj ~~14~~
He.Hee.ö ³e! ~ veë ~ Üs<eled ~ He=efLeefJe ~ ³eë~ He=lev³eeled ~ ³eë ~ Deefceçoemeeled ~ cevemee ~ ³eë ~
JeOesve ~ leced ~ veë ~ Yetces ~ jvO³e ~ HetJe&çke=ÀlJeefj ~~14~~
DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe ³e~ ve~ Üs<eled ³e~ He=lev³eeled ³e~ cevemee ³e~ JeOesve DeefYeoemeeled (ns) Yetces (ns)
HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj, leb veë jvOe³e ~
Meyoeö ³eë = pees, veë = ncemes, Üs<eled = Üs<e keÀjs, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, ³egë = pees, He=lev³eeled = Me$eglee
keÀe Dee®ejCe keÀjs, ³eë = pees, DeefYeoemeeled = oeyeeJes, cevemee = ceve mes, ³eë = pees, JeOesve = Mem$e mes, lece
= GmekeÀes, veë = nceejs efue³es, Yetces = ns He=efLeJeer, jvOe³e = veä keÀjes, HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj = ns HetJe& ke=Àl³ees Jeeueer ~
meb.Yee. ö He=efLeefJe ns JemegvOejs ! ³ees ³eë keÀefM®eled, veë Demceeved Üs<eled Üsefä ~ ³ees Jee keÀef½eled He=lev³eeled
He=lev³eefle, He=leve³eeçmceeveefYeYeefJeleg®íefle, ³eë keÀef½eod Demceeved DeefYeoemeeod DeefYeoeMveesefle efnbmeefle leLee
mevemee efJe®eejcee$esCeeefHe ³eë JeOesve Mem$esCe efnbefmelegefce®íefle ~ leb lee¢MecemceekebÀ Üsäejb ns HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj ! HetJe¥
keÀjesefle Me$eesefve&©lmeenoewye&u³eb peve³eefle lee¢Meer lJeb ns Yetces ! veë DemceekebÀ Me$egYetleb leb jvO³e veeMe³e ~
DeefYeoemeeled DeefYeHetJee&od oeme efn&mee³eeb megveesl³eeosMíevomees efJekeÀjCeJ³el³e³eë ~ HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj
`Meer*dkegÀefMe©efn.` (G. 4~114) Fefle keÀjeslesë keÌJeefleHed, `Jevees j ®e` (Hee. 4~1~7) Fefle *eryed
jeosMe½e ~ lelmecyeesOeveced ~
efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees ncemes Üs<e keÀjs, pees (ncemes) ³eg× keÀjs, pees ceve mes leLee pees Mem$e mes (nceW)
oyeeJes ns He=efLeJeer, ns HetJe&ke=Àl³eeW Jeeueer, GmekeÀes legce nceejs efue³es veä keÀjes ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Earth, whoever, hates us, whoever wants to fight and subdue us with mind and
whoever with weapon, O Earth, having much as her works of aforetime, destroy him
for us.
Notes –Üs<eledödvis ‘to hate pres, subju, 3rd. sing. He=lev³eeod –From denom root prtanya,
pres, subju. 3rd. sing. DeefYeoemeeledö DeefYe + dabh ‘to harm’ pres, subju. 3rd. sing. These
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 63
three verbs are not unaccented because they are preceded by ³eë. jvOe³e – radh ‘to
make subject’ impv. Caus. 2nd. Sing. HetJe&ke=ÀlJeeefj – voc. Sing. of HetJe&ke=ÀlJejer from HetJe& +
kr + efkeÌJeHed + JeefveHed + *erHed. Before *erHed Jeved has changed into j (Jevees j ®e - Pan IV. 1.7),
Voc. Not coming in the beginning of a pada is unaccented (Deeceefv$elemJe ®e -Pan VIII
1.19)
meb.Hee. - lJeppeeleemlJeef³e ®ejefvle cel³ee&mlJeb efJeYee|<e efÜHeomlJeb ®eleg<Heoë ~
leJessces He=efLeefJe Heáe ceeveJee ³esc³ees p³eeseflejce=leb cel³exY³e
GÐevlmet³eex jefMceefYejeleveesefle ~~15~~
He.Hee.ö lJeled ~ peeleeë ~ lJeef³e ~ ®ejefvle ~ cel³ee&ë ~ lJeced ~ efyeYeef<e& ~ efÜçHeoë ~ lJeced ~
®elegëçHeoë ~ leJe ~ Fces ~ He=efLeefJe ~ Heáe ~ ceeveJeeë ~ ³esY³eë ~ p³eesefleë ~ Dece=leced ~ cel³exc³eë ~
Gledç³eled ~ met³e&ë ~ jefMceçefYeë ~ Deeçleveesefle ~~~15~~
DevJe³e ö (ns He=efLeefJe,) lJeled peeleeë cel³ee&ë lJeef³e ®ejefvle; lJeb efÜHeoë yesYeef<e&, lJeb ®eleg<Heoë (efyeYeef<eb)
(ns) He=efLeefJe, Fces HeáeceeveJeeë leJe; ³esc³eë jl³exY³eë GÐeved met³e&ë jefMceefYeë Dece=leb p³eesefleë Dee leveesefle ~
Meyoe.ö lJeled = legcemes, peeleeë = GlHeVe, lJeefì = legceceW, ®ejefvle = efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ, cel³ee&ë = ceveg<³e,
lJeced = legce, efJeYeef<e& = OeejCe keÀjleer ns, efÜHeoë = oes HewjJeeueeW keÀes, lJeced = legce, ®eleg<Heoë = ®eej
HewjJeeueeW keÀer, leJe = legcneje, Fces = ³es, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, HeáeceeveJeeë = meYeer ÒeeCeer, ³esY³eë = efpevekesÀ
efue³es, p³eesefleë = ÒekeÀeMe, Dece=leced = keÀYeer veä ve nesvesJeeueer, cel³exY³eë = cel³e& ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ efue³es, GÐeved
= Gefole neslee ngDee, met³e&ë = met³e&, jefMceefYeë = efkeÀjCeeW mes, Deeleveesefle = HewÀueelee nw ~
meb.Yee.ö cel³ee&ë, cejCeOecee&Ce Fces ³es peveeë, lJepedpeelee~ leJe mekeÀeMeeppeelee GlHeVeeë ~ HeeáeYeeweflekebÀ
peerJepeelecegHe®eejeled HeeefLe&Jeeë ~ les ceveg<³eeë lJeef³e ®ejefvle leJeeOeejs efmLeleeë mJemJekeÀcee&efCe kegÀJe&efvle ~
efÜHeoes efJenieeoerved, ®eleg<Heoes ieJeeéeeoerved ®elegefjefle DeveskeÀeLe&cegHeue#eCeled yengHeoesçefHe peerJeeved, lJeb e fyeYeef<e&
Oeej³eefme Hees<e³eefme ®e ~ He=efLeefJe ns efJeMeeueYetces ! Fces Heáe ceeveJeeë `osJeceveg<e³eeCeeb ievOeJee&Hmejmeeb meHee&Ceeáe
efJel$eÝCeeb ®ewles<eeb Jee Sleled HeáepeveeveecegkedÀLeefceefle ~` (Ss.ye´e. 3~3~) Fle ye´eïeCeJe®eveeled Sles ~ DeLeJee
`ievOeJee&ë efHelejes osJee Demegje j#eebmeerl³eskesÀ, ®elJeejes JeCee& efve<eeoHeáecee...... Fl³eewHecev³eJeë ~ (efve©.
3~2~2) Fefle efve©keÌleeled ievOJee&o³ees ye´eïeCeeo³ees Jee ~ DeveJees êg¿eJees ³eoJemlegJe&Meeë HegjJe½esefle HeáeefJeOee
$eÝ*dcev$es ($eÝ.1~108~1) JeefCe&lee Fl³eeOegefvekeÀeë~ Heáemeg YetKeC[s<eg efveJemevl³ees ceveg<³epeele³ees Jee ~ le
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 64
Fces Heáe ceeveJeeë He=efLeJ³eeb meefvle ³esY³ees cel³eesY³ees cejCeOecexY³ees pevesc³emles<eeceLexç³eced GÐeved Òel³enb
Go³ece³eved met³e&ë meefJelee meJe&m³e peerJepeelem³e ÒemeefJeleeççefol³ees jefMceefYeë peerJeveer³ewmlespeesefYeë Dece=leb
p³eesefleë Dece=lelJeoe³ekebÀ ÒekeÀeMeced Deeleveesefle efJemleej³eefle ~
efn.De.ö (ns He=efLeJeer,) legcemes GlHeVe ÒeeCeer legceHej efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ; legce oe HewjJeeueeW keÀes leLee legce
®eejHewjJeeueeW keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer nes; ³es meYeer ÒeeCeer ns He=efLeJeer, legcnejs nQ, efpeve ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ efue³es Gefole neslee
ngDee met³e& Decej p³eesefle uewueelee nw ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
Mortal creatuses produced from thee, move on thee. Thou holdeest biped and
quadruped. O Earth, all these creatures, for whom the rising sun spreads the immortal
light with his rays, are thine.
Notes –®ejefvle ö Car ‘to move’ pres. 3rd plu. efJeYeef<e& —bhr ‘to bear’ pres. 32nd. Sing.
efÜHeoë, ®eleg<Heoë – See RV. X 121.3. GÐeved - Gled + i ‘to go’ + Mele=; nom. sing. Deeleveesefle
öDee + tan ‘to stretch’ pres. 3rd. sing.; not unaccented because syntactically
connected with ³esc³eë.
meb.Hee. - lee veë Òepeeë meb ogÚleeb meceûee Jee®ees ceOeg He=efLeefJe Oesefn ce¿eced ~~16~~
He.Hee. - leeë ~ veë ~ Òeçpeeë ~ meced ~ ogÚleeced ~ mecedçDeûeeë ~ Jee®eë ~ ceOeg ~ He=efLeefJe ~ Oesefn ~
ce¿eced ~~16~~
DevJe³e ö leeë meceûeeë Òepeeë veë meb megÚleeced ~ (ns) He=efLeefJe ce¿eb ³ee®eë ceOeg Oesefn ~
Meyoe.ö leeë = Jes, veë = nceW, Òepeeë = ÒeeCeer, mebogÚleeced = mec³ekedÀ ªHe mes Òeoeve keÀjs, meceûeeë =
mecHetCe&, Jee®eë = JeeCeer keÀer, ceOeg = ceOegjlee, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, Oeesefn = Òe³eesie keÀjes, ce¿eced = cePes ~
meb.Yee.ö leeë HeáepeveªHeemlJeef³e He=efLeJ³eeb efveJemevl³eë Òepeeë meceûeeë keÀefáeoefHe peveefJeMes<eceefJene³e meJee&ë
mebogÚleeb #eerjeefoJeppeerJeveesHe³egkeÌleb Jemlegpeelecemceef×lee³e mec³eiegHeve³evleg ~ He=efLeefJe ns JemegOes ! ce¿eb ceoLex
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 65
Jee®ees ceOeg Jee®eë melJeªHeb meJex<eeceemJeeÐeeb Ëo³e²ceb ceOegjb Je®eveb Iesefn efveIesefn mecYej ~ meJex<eeb peveeveeb
ÒeereflekeÀjb Jee*dceeOeg³e¥ ce¿eb osnerl³eLe&ë ~ ogÚleeb ogns ueexìd, íevome½e jë ~
efn.De.ö Jes mecHetCe& ÒeeCeer nceW mec³ekedÀ ÒekeÀej mes (megKe) Òeoeve keÀjs ~ ns He=efLeJeer, JeeCeer keÀer ceOegjlee cegPes
Òeoeve keÀjes ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
May all these creatures yield us (blessings). O Earth endow me the sweetness of
speech.
Notes – ogÚleecedödhu ‘to milk’, impv. Atm. 3rd. plu. meceûeeëö ‘All, entire, whole,
complete, each, every, (M W D) ‘in concert’ (Griffith). Oesefn – dha ‘to put’ impv. 2nd.
Sing.
meb.Hee. ö efJeéemJebçceelejcees<eOeerveeb Oe´g Jeeb Yetefceb He=efLeJeeR Oece&Cee Oe=leeced ~
efMeJeeb m³eesveeceveg ®ejsce efJeéene ~~17~~
He.Hee.ö efJeéeçmJeçced ~ ceelejced ~ Dees<eOeerveeced ~ Oe´gJeeced ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Oece&Cee ~ Oe=leeced ~
efMeJeeced ~ m³eesveeced ~ Deveg ~ ®ejsce ~ efJeéene ~~17~~
DevJe³e öefJeéemJeced Dees<eOeerveeb ceelejb Oe´gJeeb, He=efLeJeeR Oece&Cee Oe=leeced Yetefceb (Je³eb) efJeéene Deveg ®ejsce ~
Meyoe.ö efJeéemJeced = meJekeÀes GlHeVe keÀjves Jeeueer, ceelejced = ceelee, Dees<eOeerveeced = Dees<eefOe³eeW keÀer,
Oe´gJeeced = Î{, Yetefceced = He=efLeJeer kesÀ, He=efLeJeerced = ®eew[er, Oece&Cee = Oece& Üeje, Oe=leeced = OeejCe keÀer ieF&,
efMeJeeced = keÀu³eeCeekeÀeefjCeer, m³eesveeced = megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer, Deveg®ejsce = efJe®ejCe keÀjs, efJeéene =
meJe&oe ~
meb.Yee. efJeéemJeb efJeéemegJeb meJe&m³e peveveeR, efJeéem³e meJe&m³e Jee mJeYetleeb meJe&mJeYetleeced Dees<eOeerveeb
ueleeJeer©Oeeoerveeb Oeev³eeveeb JevemHeleerveeb ®e ceelejced GlHeefÊeYegJeb, Oe´gJeeced De®eueeb peerJeepeerJeeveeb efmLeeflemeewkeÀ³e¥
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 66
³eLee m³eeÊeLee efmLejeb Yetefceb meJe&m³eeÞe³eYetleeb, Oece&Cee OeejkesÀCe mel³eªHesCe Oe=leeb efmLejerke=Àleeb Oecee&Oeejs
efmLeleeefcel³eLe&ë ~ `³ees Jew me Oece&ë mel³eb Jew ueled lemceelmel³eb JeovleceengOe&ce Jeoleerefle Oece¥ Jee Jeovleb mel³eb
Jeoleerefle ~` (cee. Me. 14~4~2~6) `OecexCe meJee|ceob Heefjie=nerleb Oecee&Veeefleog½ejb lemceeodOecex jcevles ~`
(lew. Dee. 10~32~1) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe YeJeefle ~ efMeJeeb keÀu³eeCekeÀjeR, m³eesveeb megKeoeb ceveesjceeb, He=efLeJeeR
ceneR efJeéene meJe&oe, Deveg ®ejsce lem³ee DevegketÀueb ³eLee m³eeÊeLee leeb mesJesceefn ~ Oece&Cee Oe=_ed OeejCes YJeeosë
ceefveved ~
efn.De.ö me$ekeÀes GlHeVe keÀjvesJeeueer, Dees<eefOe³ees keÀer ceelee, Î{, ®eew[er leLee Oece& Üeje OeejCe keÀer ieF&,
keÀu³eeCekeÀeefjCeer leLee megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer He=efLeJeer kesÀ THej (nce) meJe&oe efJe®ejCe keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
May we always tread on Earth producer of all, mother of herbs, firm, wide, borne up
by order, auspicious and gracious.
Notes – efJeéemJecedö Acc. Sing of efJeéemet from efJeée + su ‘to generate’ + efkeÌJeHed. It is an
epithet of Earth Yetefceb He=efLeJeerced ö Yetefce and He=efLeJeer are synonyms. However, to avoid the
repetition He=efLeJeer should be taken as a derivative word meaning ‘wide’®ejsce – car ‘to
move’ opt. 1st. plu.
meb.Hee. - cenled meOemLeb cenleer yeYetefJeLe ceneved Jesie SpeLegJexHeLegäs ~
cenebmlJesvêes j#el³eÒeceeoced ~
mee vees Yetces Òe jes®e³e efnjC³em³esJe mebÎefMe cee vees efÜ#ele keÀ½eve ~~18~~
He.Hee.ö cenled ~ meOeçm³eced ~ cenleer ~ yeYetefJeLe ~ ceneved ~ Jesieë ~ SpeLegë ~ JesHeLegë ~ les ~ ceneved ~
lJee ~ Fvêë ~ j#eefle ~ DeÒeçceeoced ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetces ~ Òe ~ jes®e³e ~ efnjC³em³eçFJe ~ mecedç¢efMe ~
cee ~ veë ~ efÜ#ele ~ keÀë ~ ®eve ~~18~~
DevJe³eë ö (ns He=efLeefJe,) cenleer (lJeb) cenled meOem³eb yeYetefJeLe; les ceneved Jesieë, SpeLegë JesHeLegë (®e) ~
ceneved Fvêë lJee DeÒeceeob j#eefle ~ ns Yetces mee (lJeb) meb¢efMe efnjC³em³esJe veë Òe jes®e³e; keÀ½eve veë cee
efÜ#ele ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 67
Meyoe.ö cenled = ceneved, meOemLeced = menemLeeve, cenleer = ye[er, yeYetefJeLe = ngF& neW, ceneved = ye[e, Jesieë
= nue®eue, SpeLegë = ieefle, JesHeLegë = keÀcHeve, les = legcnejs THej, ceneved = ceneved, Fvêë = Fvê, j#eefle =
j#ee keÀjlee nw, DeÒeceeoced = Òeceeojefnle neskeÀj, mee = Jen, veë = nceW, Òejes®e³e = ÒekeÀeefMele keÀjes, Yetces =
ns He=efLeJe³eer, efnC³em³esJe = mJeCe& kesÀ meceeve, mebÎefMe = oMe&ve ceW, cee = ceve, veë = ncemes, efÜ#ele = Üs<e
keÀjs, keÀ½eve = keÀesF& ~
meb.Yee. ö Yetces ns He=efLeefJe ! lJeb mJe³eb cenleer efJeMeeueeçefme ~ lJeb cenled meOemLeb ®eje®ejeCeeb Yetleeveeb ke=Àles
cenled efJeMeeueb He³ee&Heleb meOemLeb menwkeÀ$e JeememLeeveb yeYetefJeOe Yetleeçefme ~ DeeflecenÊJeeodYetcesjmebK³es³eeefve
Yetleeefve lJeef³e megKesvewkeÀ$e Jeemeb kegÀJe&vleerefle YeeJeë ~ lesleJe Jesieë j³eë YetkeÀcHes He=efLeJ³eeë mkeÀesìvepeJeë ceneved
DeefleefJeveeMeeJenë ~ leLewJe les leJe SpeLegë meeOeejCe½eueve-¬eÀceesçefHe ceneved Ye³e¹jë ~ JesHeLegë ceneved
keÀcHeesçefHe les ceneved Ye³eeJenë DeLee&led efJeveeMekeÀjë, ceneefvevêmlJee lJeeced DeÒeceeob ÒeceeoesçveJeOeevelee ³eLee ve
m³eeÊeLee meeJeOeevees YetlJee efJemHeÀesìkeÀcHeeefoefJeveeMeefveefceÊesY³ees j#eefle Heeue³eefle ~ meHelvesY³ees Jee lJeeb
j#eefle ~ mee Slee¢Meer lJeb ns Yetces ! veë Demceeved efnjC³em³esJe megJeCe&m³esJe Yeemegjs ©ef®ejs meb¢efMe meboMe&veªHes
Òejes®e³e jes®eceeveeved kegÀ© ~ lJe³ee Hegäeë mebJeefOe&lee½e Je³eb ªHesCe megJeCe&Jeod oerH³eceevee ³eLee YeJesce leLee
kegÀefJe&efle ~ DeLe ®eemceekebÀ menefveJeemeb megªHeced GefÎM³e cee ve~ Demceeved keÀ½eve megKecemceekeÀcemenceeveë
efÜ#ele ve Üssdìg ~ DemeHelveevemceeved kegÀefJe&efle ~ meOemLeb ceneLex íevomeë meOeMeyoë ~ menmLeefcel³eLe&ë ~ JesHeLegë
ogJesHe= keÀcHeves YJeeosë `efÜleesçLeg®ed` ~ (Hee. 3~3~89)
SpeLegyee&nguekeÀeoLeg®ed ~ meb¢efMe mebHetJe&keÀeod ¢Mesë efkeÌJeHed, leefmceved ~ cee efÜ#ele efÜ<e DeÒeerleew Deoeosë ueg*d ~
cee*d³eesiesç[YeeJeë ~ Jesieë efJeefpejd He=LeiYeeJes pegnesl³eeosYee&Jes Ie_ed ~
efn.De.ö (ns He=efLeJeer) ceneved (legced) efJeMeeue efveJeeme mLeeve ngF& nes; legcnejs THej ceneved nue®eue ö ieefle
SJeb keÀcHeve nw ~ (efkeÀvleg) ceneved Fvê Òeceeo jefnle neskeÀj legcnejer j#ee keÀjlee nw ~ ns He=efLeJeer, Jen (legce)
nceW oMe&ve ceW mJeCe& kesÀ meceeve ÒekeÀeefMele keÀjes ~ keÀesF& Yeer ncemes Üs<e ve keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
(Thou) the Mighty one hast become a vast abode. Geart verocity – agitation and
depression is on thee. The great India protects thee with unceasing care. O Earth, thou
as such make us shine as with the splendour of gold. Let none hate us.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 68
Notes – JeYetefJeLeö bhu ‘to be’ perf. 2nd. Sing. SpeLegë – ej ‘to stir’ + DeLeg. JesHeLegë vip ‘to
tremble’ + DeLeg. j#eefle ö raks ‘to protect’ pres. 3rd. sing. – jes®e³e ruc ‘to shine’ caus,
impv, 2nd. Sing. mebÎefMe – Loc. Infinitive, from meced + drs ‘to see’ + F. efÜ#ele ö dvis ‘to
hate’ Atm. ‘sa’ – aorist, inju, 3rd. sing.
meb.Hee.- DeefiveYet&c³eecees<eOeer<JeefiveceeHees efyeYe´l³eefivejMcemeg ~
Deefivejvleë Heg©<es<eg iees<Jeées<Jeive³eë ~~19~~
He.Hee. - Deefiveë ~ Yetc³eeced ~ Dees<eOeer<eg ~ Deefiveced ~ DeeHeë ~ efyeYe´efle ~ Deefiveë ~ DeMceçmeg ~
Deefiveë ~ Devleë ~ Heg©<es<eg ~ iees<eg ~ Deées<eg ~ Deive³eë ~~~19~~
DevJe³e ö Yetc³eeb (³epeceeveeë) osJesc³eë osJesc³eë ³e%eced Dejbke=Àleb nJ³eb (®e) ooefle; Yetc³eeb ceveg<³eeë, cel³ee&ë
mJeOe³ee DeVesve (®e) peerJeefvle mee Yetefceë veë ÒeeCeced Dee³egë oOeeleg ~ He=efLeJeer cee pejoeefä ke=ÀCeesleg ~
Meyoe.ö Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, osJesY³eë = osJeleeDees kesÀ efue³es, ooefle = osles nQ, ³e%eced = ³e%e, nJ³eced=
nefJe, Dejbke=Àleced = De®íer ÒekeÀej mes lew³eej, Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, ceveg<³eeë = ceveg<³e, peerJeefvle = peerefJele
jnles nQ, mJeOe³ee = peue mes, DeVesve = DeVe mes, cel³ee&ë = ÒeeCeer, mee = Jen, veë = nceW, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer,
ÒeeCeced = ÒeeCe, Dee³egë = Dee³eg, oOeeleg = OeejCe keÀje³es, pejoefäced = Je=×eJemLee, cee = cegPes, He=efLeJeer =
He=efLeJeer, ke=ÀCeesleg = keÀjs ~
meb.Yee.ö Deefivemet&c³eeb Dees<eOeer<eg YeJeefle ~ `DeivesJee& S<ee levet³e&oes<eOe³eë ~` (lew.meb. 3~2~5~7),
Dees<eOe³ees Jee DeivesYeefieOes³eced ~` (lew.meb.5~1~5~9) Fefle ®e ÞegeflejefHe ~ leLee DeeHees peueev³eefive
efyeYe´efle ~ DeHmeg cesIes<Jevleefj#esçefiveefJe&ÐegêtHesCe YeJeefle ~ DeHmeg peues<eg Jee ~ `³ee (Deivesë) HeeJekeÀe
(levetjemeerled) DeHemle³ee (ÒeefJeMeled) ~` (keÀeþ. meb. 8~9) Fefle efn ÞegefleYe&Jeefle ~ DeefivejMcemeg Òemlejs<eg
YeJeefle ³es<eeb Oe<e&CesveemHeÀeuevesve Jeeefivepee&³eles ~ Heg©<es<Jevlejefiveë peeþjªHesCe YetkeÌleceVeb HeefjCece³eefle ~ iees<eg
DeefiveYeg&keÌleb le=Ceb #eerjªHesCe HeefjCece³eefle ~ Deées<eg DeefiveJexieceglHeeo³eefle SJe, Deive³eë meJe&$e Yetc³eeefo<eg
ceveg<³eHeéeeefo<eg ®e YeJeefvle efJeefJeOeb ®e HeefjCeceefvle ~ Deedcemeg DeMet*d J³eeHleew mebIeeles ®e mJeeosë `Dev³esY³eesçefHe
Îed³evles ~`(Hee. 3~2~75) Fefle ceefveved, les<eg ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 69
efn.De.ö He=efLeJeer Hej (³epeceeve) osJeleeDeeW kesÀ efue³es ³e%e leLee Deuebke=Àle nefJe Òeoeve keÀjles nQ; He=efLeJeer Hej
ceveg<³e leLee (meYeer) ÒeeCeer peue Deewj DeVe mes peerefJele jnles nQ; Jen He=efLeJeer nceW ÒeeCe Deewj Dee³eg OejCe
keÀjeJes, He=efLeJeer cegPes Je=×eJemLee (Jeeueer Dee³eg) Òeoeve keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
On earth (they) offer sacrifice and dressed oblation the gods; on earth men and (other)
mortal creatures live with water and with food; May the Earth bestow on us breath
and life. May Earth give me life of long duration.
Notes – ooefleöda ‘to give’ pres. 3rd. plu. peerJeefvle –Jiv ‘to live’ pres. 3rd. plu. cevegM³ee
For accent see J³eesçceved (Av. XII.1.8) oOeeleg – dha ‘to put’ impv. 3rd. sing.pejoeefäced –
Jr. ‘to waste away Mele= + as ‘to be’ + efkeÌleved. This kind of compd. is called
syntactical compd. It is of the nature of Bahuvrihi, which accents the first member.
ke=ÀCeesleg – Kr. ‘to make’ impv. 3rd. sing.
meb.Heb. ö Deefiveefo&Je Dee leHel³eivesoxJem³eesJe&1vleefj#eced ~
Deefiveb celee&me FvOeles nJ³eJeenb Ie=leefHle³eced ~~20~~
He.Hee. - Deefiveë ~ efoJeë ~ Dee ~ leHeefle ~ Deivesë ~ osJem³e ~ G© ~ Devleefj#eced ~ Deefiveced ~
celee&meë ~ FvOeles ~ nJ³eçJeenced ~ Ie=leçefHle³eced ~~20~~
DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe, ³eë les ievOeë mebyeYetJe, ³eced Dees<eOe³eë efyeYe´efle, ³ece DeeHeë (efyeYe´efle); ³eb ievOeJee&ë
DeHmejmeë ®e Yesefpejs lesve cee megjefYe ke=À<egë keÀ½eve veë mee efÜ#ele ~
Meyoe. ö ³eë = pees, les = legcneje, ievOeë = ievOe, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeefJe, mebyeYetJe, ³eced = efpemekeÀes,
efyeYe´efle = OeejCe keÀjleer nw, Dees<eOe³eë = Dees<eefOe³eew, ³eced = efpemekeÀes, DeeHeë = peue, ³eced = efpemekeÀes,
ievOeJee&ë = ievOeJeex ves, DeHmejmeë = DeHmejeDees ves, Yesefpejs = ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee ³ee, lesve = Gmemes, cee = cegPes,
megjefYeced = megieefvOele, ke=ÀCeg = keÀjes, vee = veneR, veë = ncemes, efÜ#ele = Üs<e keÀjs, keÀ½eve keÀesF& ~
meb.Yee.- Deefiveefo&Je DeeleHeefle ÐegueeskeÀeled met³e&ªHesCeemecevleeled leHeefle ÒekeÀeMeles ~ osJem³e
Ðeesleceevem³eeivesë G© efyeeeueced Devleefj#eced DeHeebveHeeêtHem³e efveJeemeYetleb efJeÐeles, ³e$e me efnÐegêtHesCe Jemeefle ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 70
Deefiveb celee&meë He=efLeJ³eeb cejCeOecee&Cees ceeveJeemleceefiveb keÀer¢Meb nJ³eJeenb osJes<eg nefJe<eeb Jees{ejb, Ie=leefHle³eced
Deep³eceengleew oÊeb efÒe³eb ³em³e leb lee¢Meceefiveced FvOeles ³e%es<eg meefceoep³eeefoefYeë ÒepJeeue³eefvle ~ SJeceefivej³eb
efoefJe met³e&ªHesCeevleefj#esçHeebveHeeêtHesCe He=efLeJ³eeb ®e nJ³eJee[dªHesCe efleÿleerefle YeeJeë ~
efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcneje ievOe GlHeVe ngDee nw, efpemekeÀes Deew<eefOe³eeb leLee efpemekeÀes peue OeejCe
keÀjleer nQ; efpemekeÀes ievOeJeex leLee DeHmejeDes ves ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee Lee, Gmemes cegPes megieefvOele keÀjes; keÀesF& Yeer cegPe
mes Üs<e ve keÀjs ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
O Earth, scent that has risen from thee, which herbs bear, which the waters, which
Gandharvas and Apsarase have shared; with that (scent) make us scented. Let no
body hate us.
Notes- mebJeYetJe ö meced + bhu ‘to be’ perf. 3rd. sing. not unaccented because preceded by
³eë. efyeYe´efle – bhr. ‘to bear’ pres. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by ³eced.
Yesefpejs – bhaj ‘to divide’. Perf. Atm. 3rd. plu; not unaccented because preceded by ³eced.
ke=ÀCeg – kr ‘to make’ impv. 2nd. Sing. efÜ#ele – see AV. XII. 1.18.
meb.Hee. - DeefiveJeemeeëHe=efLeJ³eçefmele%etefmlJe<eercevleb mebefMeleb cee ke=ÀCeesleg ~~21~~
He.Hee.- DeefiveçJeemeeë ~ He=efLeJeer ~ Deefmeleç%etë ~ mecedçefMeleced ~ cee ~ ke=ÀCeesleg ~~21~~
DevJe³e ö (ns) Yetces, ³eeëles Òee®eerë ³ee Goer®eerë ³eeë les DeOejeled ³eeë ®e He½eeled ÒeefleMeë leeë ®ejles ce¿eb
m³eesveeë YeJevleg ~ YegJeves efMeefÞe³eeCeë (Den) cee efve Hemeced ~
Meyoe.ö ³eeë = pees, les = legcnejer, Òee®eerë = HetJe&, ÒeefoMeë = efoMee³es, ³eeë = pees, Goer®eerë = GlHej
efoMee³eW, ³eeë = pees, les = legcnejer, Yetces = ns He=efLeJeer, DeOejeled = veer®es mes, ³eeë = pees, ®e = Deewj,
Heáeeled= Heerísmes, m³eesveeë = megKeosves Jeeueer, leeë = Jes, ceneced = cesjs efue³es, ®ejles = efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues
kesÀ efue³es, YeJevleg = nesJex, cee = cele, efve HeHleced = veer®es efie©b, YegJeves = ³esJeer Hej, efMeefÞe³eeCeë = efveJeeme
keÀjlee ngDee ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 71
meb.Yee. ö F³eb He=efLeJeer DeefiveJeemeeë ~ DeefiveJee&mees Jem$ecee®íeoveb ³em³eemlee¢Meer YeJeefle ~ Dele SJe
Deefmele%etë Deefmeles M³eeces peevegveer ³em³eeë mee ~ oeJeeefivevee oiOeeveeb JeveÒeosMeeveeb M³eecelJeeled M³eecepeevegë ~
mes³eb He=efLeJeer cee ceeb eflJeef<ecevleb keÀeefvle³egkeÌleb DeespeefmJeveb mebefMeleb megleer#Ceb ®e kegÀMeeûeyegef×b ke=ÀCesleg keÀjesleg ~
Deefmele%etë ve efmeles peevegveer ³em³eeë ~ peevegMeyom³e %egMíevomeë ~
efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcnejer HetJe&, pees GÊej, pees legcnejer oef#eCe Deewj pees Heef½ece efoMee³ex nw, Jes
(He=efleJeer Hej) efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues cesjs efue³es megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer nesJex ~ He=efLeJeer Hej efveJeeme keÀjlee
ngDee ceQ veer®es ve efieªb ~
ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-
O Earth, which are thy eastern, which are thy northern, which are thy southern and
which are thy western regions; may all of them be gracious for me, the moving one
on the earth; let me not sturmble.
Notes – ®ejles ö Dative sing. of ®ejled from car ‘to move YeJevleg – bhu ‘to be’ impv.
3rd. plu. HeHleced - pat
le$e-ÒeLecee ~
menm$eMeer<ee& Heg©<eë menm$ee#eë menm$eHeeled ~
me Yetefceä meJe&leë mHelJeel³eefleÿÎee²ueced ~~1~~
GJeìYee<³e:ö HejceelceefJe%eeveevevoeefoiegCeeO³eelceefve ÒeYetleë Heg©<ecesOees ³e%eëÒepeeHeefleë
ueeskeÀkeÀeueeiv³eeefoJeHegë Heg©<eeslHeefÊeefmLeeflemebËleerveeb neslegë mJeiee&HeJeiezée³e&cees#eoes %eevekeÀce&meceg½e³ekeÀejCeb
Mejerjb `³e%ees Jee Dem³eelcee YeJeleer` efle Þegefleë ~ menñeMeer<ee& Heg©<e Fl³evegJeekesÀve <ees[Me®exveevegägYesve
ef$eägyevl³esve ye´ïeCes ye´eïeCeefcel³eeÐeJe³eJe YetleHeg©<eÜejsCeeJe³eJeer mlet³eles ~ FoeveeR mlegl³eLe¥efveJe&®eveÜejsCe
ê{ef³elegceen ~ `DeLe memceelHeg©<ecesOees veevesces nw ueeskeÀeë Hetj³ecesJe Heg©<ees ³ees³eb HeJeles meesçm³eeb Hegefj Mesles
lemceelHeg©<eë ~ lem³e ³eos<eg ueeskesÀ<JeVeb leom³eeVeb cesOemleom³ewleoVeb cesOemlemceelHeg©<ecesOeë` ~ Heg©<emetkeÌlem³e
veeje³eCe$eÝef<eë Heg©<ees osJeleevegägHívoë Devl³ee ef$eäHed cees#es efJeefve³eesieë ~ Dem³e Yee<³eb MeewvekeÀes veece
$eÝef<ejkeÀjesled ~ ÒeLeceb efJe®ísoë ef¬eÀ³eekeÀjkeÀmebyeveOeë meceemeë Òeces³eeLe&J³eeK³esefle meJe&cesleppevekeÀe³e cees#eeLe&
keÀLe³eeceemesefle ~ menm$eMeer<ee& Heg©<eë menm$e#eë menmedefHeeled ~ meë Yetefceced meJe&leë mHe=lJee Deefle Deefleÿled
oee²§ueced ~ meë Heg©<eë veeje³eCeeK³eë meJe&leë YegJevekeÀesMem³e Yetefceb mHe=lJee J³eeH³e oMee²§ueced
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 72
Del³eefleÿled ~ oMe ®e leeefve De²§ueeefve oMee²§ueeveerefvê³eeefCe ~ kesÀef®eov³eLee jes®e³eefvle oMee²§ueÒeceeCeb
Ëo³emLeeveced ~ DeHejs leg veeefmekeÀeûeb oMee²§ueefceefle ~ efkebÀYetleesçmeew menñeMeer<ee& Heg©<eë ~ menñee#eë
menñeeC³e#eerefCe ves$eeefCe lem³eemeew menñee#eë ~ menñeHeeled Heeoeveece²eveeb menñeeefCe ³em³e me menñeHeeled ~
SleêgCeë Heg©<eë leÐeeH³e Deefle¬eÀc³e efmLele Fefle ~~1~~
jceekeÀevleb efiejb velJee nsjcyeb efMeJeceefcyekeÀeced ~
SkeÀef$eMesçOegveeO³ee³es JesooerHees efJelev³eles ~~
cenerOejYee<³e :ö `efJe³egkeÌleevye´ïeeefYekeÀäewefle nesle=JeovegJeekesÀve menñeMeer<exefle` (keÀel³ee. 21~1~11)~
Deem³eeLe&ë ~ efve³egkeÌleevye´eïeCeefcel³eeefoHeMetved menñeMeer<exl³evegJeekesÀve <ees[Me®exve Je´ïee medleewefle nesle=Jeefoefle ef$eë
ÒeLeceb ef$enÊeceeefcel³eeÐegkeÌleÒekeÀejsCesl³eLe&ë ~ `$ewOeeleJ³evles meceejes¿eelceVeiveer met³e&cegHemLee³eeYÐeë mebYe=le
Fl³eveg JeekesÀveeveHes#eceeCeesçjC³eb ielJee ve Òel³eJes³eeod ûeeces JeeefJeJelmeVejC³eesë` (keÀe.21~1~17-18) ~
$ewOeeleJeer GoJemeeveer ³esefäë leovles De³eb les ³eesefveefjl³eûeer Deelceefve meceejes¿e leo<ceeCeceem³ees ÒeJesM³eeYÐeë
mebYe=le Fefle <e[=®esveevegJeekesÀve met³e&cegHemLee³e He½eeoHeM³evJeveb ielJee ûeeceb veeie®ísled ~ JeeveÒemLees
YeJesefol³eLe&ë ~ ³eÜeûeeces Jemlegefce®íved DejC³eesjiveer meceejesH³eekeÀexHemLeeveevevlejb ûeeces ielJee ³e%eevkegÀ³e&eefoefle
met$eeLe&ë DeLe cev$eeLe&ë ~ veeje³eCeHeg©<eo=äe peieÜerpeHeg©<eosJel³eeë <ees[Me $eÝ®eë HeáeoeevegägYeë <ees[Meer
ef$eägHed ~ ye´ïeCes ye´eïeCeefcel³eeÐeeë Heg©<ecesOeªHem³e HejceelceveesçJe³eJeeë HetJee&O³ee³eevles ÒeeskeÌleemles <eeceJe³eJeer
Heg©<eesç$e mlet³eles ~ DeJ³ekeÌlecenoeefoefJeue#eCe½eslevees ³eë Heg©<eë Heg©<eeVe Hejb efkebÀef®e` efol³eeefoÞegefle<eg Òeefme×ë
meJe&ÒeeefCemeceefäªHees ye´ïeeC[osnes efJejepeeK³eesçefmle ~ keÀer¢Meë ~ menñeMeer<ee& menñeMeyoes yenglJeJee®eer ~
mebK³eeJee®ekeÀlJes menñe#e Fefle efJejesOeë m³eeled ves$emenñeܳesve ®e YeeJ³eced ~ leleë menñecemebK³eeefve Meer<eee|Ce
efMejebefme ³em³e meë `Meer<e&®ívoefme` (Hee. 6~1~60) Fefle efMejëMeyom³e Meer<e&VeosMeë ~ efMejesûenCeb
meJee&Je³eJeesHeue#eCeced ~ ³eeefve meJe&ÒeeefCeveeb efMejebefme leeefve meJee&efCe leÎ;wsvleëHeeeflelJeeled lem³ewJesefleo
menñeMeer<e&lJeced` ~ SJeceûesçefHe ~ menñee#eë menñece#eerefCe ³em³e meë ~ Deef#eûenCeb
meJe&%eevesefvê³eesHeue#ekeÀced ~ menñeHeeled menmedeE Heeoe ³em³e `mebK³eemegHetJe&m³e` (Hee.5~4~140) Fefle
Heeom³eevl³eueesHeë ~ HeeoûenCeb keÀcexefvê³esHeue#eCeced ~ meë Heg©<ees Yetefceb ye´ïeeC[ueeskeÀªHeeb meJe&leë efle³e&kedÀ
TOJe&ceOe½e mHe=K³ee J³eeH³e ~ mHe=CeesefleJ³ee&efHlekeÀcee& ~ ³eÜe YetefceMeyodes YetleesHeue#eleë ~ Heáe Yetleeefve J³eeH³e
oMee²§ueHeefjefceleb osMeceO³eefleÿled Deefle¬eÀc³eeJeefmLeleë ~ oeMee¹§ueefcel³egHeue#eCeced ~ ye´ïeeC[yoefnjefHe
meJe&leesJ³eeH³eeJeefmLele Fl³eLe&ë ~ ³eoJee veeYesë mekeÀeMeeÎMee²§ueceefle¬eÀc³e Ëefo efmLeleë ~ veeefYele Fefle kegÀlees
ueY³eles `keÀlece Deelcel³egHe¬eÀc³e `meesç³eb efJe%eevece³eë ÒeeCes<eg ËÐevlep³eexefle` efjefle Þeglesë efJe%eeveelcevees
ËÐeJemLeeveb keÀce&HeÀueeWHeYeesiee³e Devle³eee|ceCees efve³evle=lJesve ~ leoglkeÀced `Üe megHeCee& me³egpee meKee³ee meceeveb
Je=#eb Heefj<emJepeeles ~ le³eesjv³eë efHeHHeueb mJeeÜʳeveÞeVev³ees DeefYe®eekeÀMeerefle` (cegC[. 3~1~1) Fefle ~ me
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 73
Heg©<eesç$e osJelee ~ leLee®e Þegefleë `Fces Jew ueeskeÀeë Hetj³ecesJe Het©<ees ³eesç³eb HegJeles meesçm³eeb Hegefj Mesles
lemceelHeg©<eë` (13~6~2~1) Fefle ~~1~~
efÜefle³ee
Heg©<e SJesod*d meJex ³eÓtleb ³e®e®e ceeJ³eced ~
Gleece=lelJem³eseevees ³eoVesveeeflejesnefle ~~2~~
GJeìYee<³e :ö Heg©<e SJe ~ Heg©<eë SJe Foced meJe&ced ³eled Yetleced ³eled ®e YeeJ³eced ~ Gle Dece=lelJem³e F&Meeveë
³eled DeVesve Deeflejesnefle ~ me SJe Heg©<eë HetJe&He³ee&³eefJeMesef<ele SJeMeyoes veev³eë ~ Fob Jele&ceevekebÀ meJe&ced ³e_e®e
Yetleceleerleced ³e®e®e YeeJ³eb YeefJe<³eled lem³e keÀeue$e³em³e F&Meeveë ~ ve kesÀJeueb keÀeue$e³em³e F&DeMeeveë ~ Gle
Dece=lelJem³eeefHe cees#em³eeefHe ~ GleMeyoesçefHeMeyoeLex ~ keÀmceelkeÀejCeeled ~ ³eled DeVesve Dece=lesve Deeflejesnefle
DeeflejesOeb keÀjesefle ~ meJe&m³eséej Fefle ~~2~~
cenerOejYee<³eë ö ³eled Fob Jele&ceeveb peieled lem³eJex Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eled Yetleceleerleb peieled ³e®®e YeeJ³eb Yeefle<³eb
peieled leoefHe Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eLeeefmceved keÀuHes Jele&ceeveeë ÒeeefCeosneë meJexçefHe efJejeìdHeg©<eme³eeJe³eJeeë
leLewDeJeeleerleeieeefceveesjefn keÀuHe³eesê&äJ³eefceefle YeeJeë ~ GleeefHe ®e Dece=lelJem³e osJem³e F&Meeveë mJeeceer me
Heg©<eë ³eled ³emceeled DeVesve ÒeeefCeveeb Yeesi³esveeVesve HeÀuesve efveefceÊeYetlesveeeflejesnefle mJeer³eeb keÀjCeeJemLeeceefle¬eÀc³e
Heefj¢M³eceeveeb peieoJemLeeb ÒeeHleesefle lemceelHeg©<e SJe ~ ÒeeefCeveeb keÀce&HeÀueYeesiee³e peieoJemeLeemJeerkeÀejeVesob
lem³e JemleglJeefcel³eLe&ë ~ ³eÜe meJex Heg©<e½esÊeefn& HeefjCeeceerl³eeMe¹d³een ~ Dece=lelJem³eecejCeOece&m³esMeeveë
cegkeÌlesjerMeë ~ ³ees efn cees#eséejes veemeew efce´³ele Fl³eLe&ë ~ efkebÀ®e ³eled peerJe peeleceVesveeeflejesnefle GlHeÐeles lem³e
meJe&m³e ®esMeeveë ye´ïeeefomlecJeHe³e&vlees Yetleûeece GkeÌleë lem³eeVesvewJe efmLelesë `FleëÒeoeveeefÜ osJee GHepeerJeefvle`
Fefle Þeglesë ~~2~~
le=efle³ee
SleeJeevem³e ceefnceelees p³ee³eeb½e Het©<eë ~
Heeoesçm³e efJeéee Yetleeefve ef$eHeeom³ece=leb efoefJe ~~3~~
GJeìYee<³e :- SleeJeevem³e ~ SleeJeeved Dem³e ceefncee Deleë p³ee³eeved ®e Het©<eë ~ Heeoë Dem³e efJeMeJee
Yetleeefve ef$eHeeled Dem³e Dece=leb efoefJe ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³e HetJeexkeÌleefJeMes<eCeefJeMesef<elem³e SleeJeeved ceefncee SleosJe
cenÊJecem³e ~ Deleë keÀejCeeled p³ee³eeb½e Heg©<eë ceneefvel³eLe&ë ~ keÀmceevcenÊJecee³eeleced ~ ³emeceelHeeoë
SkeÀeWMeë Dem³e Heg©<em³e ~ efJeéee Yetleeefve efJeéeeefve ®elego&MeYegJevememetns ³eeefve ®elegOee& Yetleeefve leev³eskeÀeWMeë ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 74
ef$eHeelHegveë $e³eeWMeeë Dem³e Heg©<em³e Dece=leced $eÝi³epegëmeeceue#eCeced Deeefol³eue#eCeb Jee efoefJe Ðeesleles
Fefle ~~3~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :ö DeleerleeveeveleJele&ceevekeÀeuemebye×b peieÎeJeoefmle SleeJeevmeJeexçefHe Dem³e Heg©<em³e
ceefncee mJekeÀer³emeceL³e&efJeMes<ees efJeYetefleë veleg JeemleJeb mJeªHeced ~ JeemleJeHeg©<emleg Deleë Demceeled ceefncvee
peieppeeueeled p³ee³eeb½e DeefleMe³esveeefOekeÀë ~ SleogYe³eb mHeäeref¬eÀ³eles ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³e efJeéee meJeee|Ce Yetleeefve
keÀeue$e³eJeleeaefve ÒeeefCepeeleeefve HeeoMe®elegLexeMeë ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³eeJeefMeä ef$eHeelmJeªHeced Dece=leb
efJeveeMejefnleb leled efoefJe ÐeesÜveelcekesÀ mJeÒekeÀeMes mJeªHesçJeeflesdþle Fefle Mes<eë ~ ³eÐeefHe `mel³eb %eevecevevleb
ye´ïes` l³eecveelem³e Hejye´ïeCe F³eÊee³ee DeYeeJeeled Heeo®elegä³eb efveªHeef³elegceMeke̳eb leLeeefHe peieefoob
ye´ïeªHeeHes#e³eeuHeefceefle efJeJeef#elelJeelHeeolJeesHev³eemeë ~~3~~
®elegLeea
ef$eHeeotOJe& GowlHeg©<eë Heeoesçm³esneYeJelHegveë ~
lelees efJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀecelmeeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~~4~~
GJeìYee<³e :- ef$eHeeotOJe&ë ~ ef$eHeeled TOJe&ë Gled Ssled Heg©<eë Heeoë Dem³e Fn DeYeJeled Hegveë ~ leleë efJe<Je*d
efJe De¬eÀeceled meeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~ ³emceeo³eb Heg©<eë ef$eHeeled $³ebMeYetleë TOJe&ë GHeefjäele Gowled
osoerH³eceeveefmleÿefle ~ Dem³e ®e He©<em³e Heeoë SkeÀeWMeë Fn $ewueeske̳es yeerpeYetleb ®eleg<eg& Yetles<eg DeYetled Yetleced ~
leleë lemceelkeÀejCeeled efJe<Je*d YegJevekeÀesMeb J³e¬eÀeceled GlHeVeefcel³eLe&ë ~ lemceeosJe Heg©<eeled ~ meeMeveeveMeves
DeefYe meeMeveb mJeie&ced DeveMeveb cees#eced meJex peielmJeiex Òeefle cees#eb Òeefle ®e lemceeosJeeslHeVeefcel³eLe&ë ~~4~~
ceefnOej Yee<³e :- ³eesç³eb ef$eHeelHeg©<eë mebmeejmHeMe&jefnleye´ïeªHeë De³ecetOJe&ë Gowled Demceeo%eevekeÀe³ee&led
mebmeejeyoefnYet&leesç$el³ewieg&Ceos<ewjmHe=äë GlkeÀ<exCe efmLeleJeeved ~ lem³eem³e Heeoes uesMees peieêtHeë Fn cee³ee³eeb
Hegveë DeYeJeled me=efsìmebnejeY³eeb Hegveë Hegvejeie®íefle ~ meJe&m³e peieleë HejceelceuesMelJeb YeieJeleeH³egkeÌleced
`efJesdìY³eenefceob ke=ÀlmveceskeÀebMesve efmLelees peieled` (Yeie. 10~42) Fefle ~ lelees cee³ee³eeceeiel³eevevlejb
efJe<Je*d efJe<eg meJe&$eeáeleerefle efJe<Je*d osJeefle³e&ieeefoªHesCe efJeefJeOeë meved J³e¬eÀeceled J³eeHleJeeved ~ efHebÀke=ÀlJee
meeMeveeveMeves DeefYe DeefYeue#³e DeMevesve men Jele&ceeveb meeMeveced DeMeveeefoJ³eJenejesHesleb ®esleveÒeeefCepeeleced
DeveMeveb leêefnlece®esleveb efieefjveÐeeefokeÀced les DeefYeue#³e mJe³ecesJe efJeefJeOees YetlJee J³eeHleJeeefvel³eLe&ë ~~4~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 75
Heáeceer
lelees efJeje[pee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë ~
me peelees Del³eefj®³ele He½eeÓtefceceLees Hegjë ~~5~~
DeJeì Yee<³e : lelees efJejeìd ~ leleë efJejeìd Depee³ele efJejepeë DeefOeHet©<eë ~ meë peeleë Deefle Deefj®³ele
He½eeled Yetefceced DeLees Hegjë ~ lemceeosJe Heg©<eeled efJeéeeslHeefÊeë ~ le$e HegJex efJejeìd Depee³ele ~ efJejepeë
DeefOeHet©<eë ÒeOeeveb lespeë ~ me #es$e%eë ye´ïee me=efäke=Àle peele~ meved Deefleefj®³eles ~ meesçefYeleë He½eeled Demceeled
#es$e%eeled ye´ïeCeë Yetefceë He=efLeJ³eeoew peelee GlHeVee Fefle ~ DeLeesçvevlejced Hegjë MejerjeefCe HegjeefCe ®elegefJe&Oeeefve
Yetleeefve Depee³evle ~ Heg$eeoerefve lesvewJeeslHeeefoleeefve SJeceskeÀeWMeë lesvewJe meJex efJeéeceglHeeefoleefceefle ~~5~~
ceefnOej Yee<³e :- efJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀeceefoefle ³eogkeÌleb leosJe ÒeHeáed³eles ~ leleë lemceeoeefoHeg©<eeled efJejeìd
ye´ïeeC[osnesçpee³ele peeleë ~ efJeefJeOeb jepevles Jemletv³e$esefle efJejeìd ~ efJejepeë DeefOe efJeje[dosnm³eesHeefle lecesJe
osnceefOekeÀjb ke=ÀlJee Heg©<eë leÎsneefYeceeveer SkeÀ SJe Hegceevepee³ele ~ meJe&JesoevleJesÐeë Hejceelcee mJecee³e³ee
efJeje[dosnb ye´ïeeC[ªHeb me=ädJee le$e peerJeªHesCe ÒeefJeM³e ye´ïeeC[efYeceeveer osJeleelcee peerJeesçYeJeefole³eLe&ë ~
Sle®®eeLeJe&ÊejleeHeveer³es mHeäcegkeÌleced `me Jee S<e Yetleeveerefvê³eeefCe efJejepeb osJeleeë keÀesMeeb½e me=ädJee$e ÒeefJeä
FJe efJenjefle` (ve=efmebnlee. 2~1) Fefle ~ efkebÀ®e me peelee efJejeìdHegg<eesçl³eefj®³ele DeefleefjkeÌlees
osJeefle³e&¹veg<³eeefoªHeesçYetled He½eeÎsJeeefopeerJeYeeJeeotOJex Yetefceb memepexefle Mes<eë ~ DeLees Yetefceme=äsjvevlejb les<eeb
peerJeeveeb Hegjë memepe& ~ Het³e&vles meHleefYeOee¥legefYeefjefle Hegjë MejerjeefCe ~~5~~
<eÿer
lemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~
HeMetmleeb½e¬esÀ Jee³eJ³eeveejC³ee ûeec³ee½e ³es ~~6~~
GJeì Yee<³e :ö lemceeÐe%eeleLe ~ lemceeled ³e%eeled meJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~ HeMetved leeved ®e¬esÀ
Jee³eJ³eeved DeejC³eeë ûec³eeë ®e ³es ~ ³eLee DeefiveäesceeK³eeÊemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced lesve
Jee³eJ³eeved HeMetved DeejC³ee ûeec³ee½e ³es leeved ke=ÀleJevleë ~ SJeceelce³e%eeled meJe&ngleelHetefjleeled GlHeVesve ³eesefieveë
meJee&ved HeMetved meJeee|Ce Yetlepeeleeefve keÀjueJelHeM³eefvle ~ HeM³eefvle efkeÀue %eevelespemee Yetlepeeleeefve ~~~6~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- meJex nt³eles ³eefmceved me meJe&ngled lemceelHeg©<ecesOeeK³eeled ³e%eeled He=<eoep³eb oefOeefceÞeceep³eb
mebYe=leb mebHeeefoleced ~ oO³eep³eeefoYeesi³epeeleb mebHeeefoleefcel³eLe&ë ~ Heg©<esCesefle Mes<e~ ~ leLee med Heg©<eë
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 76
Jee³eJ³eevJee³egosJeleekeÀeved leevÒeefme×eved HeMetved ®ekesÀ GlHeeefoleJeeved ~ `Devleefj#eosJel³eeë Keueg Jew HeMeJeë`
Fefle Þeglesë ~ Devleefj#em³e ®e Jee³egosJel³elJeelHeMetveeb Jee³egosJelJeced ~ leevkeÀeved ~ ³es ®eejCe³eeë DejC³es YeJeeë
nefjCeeo³eë ~ ³es ®e ûeeceYeJee ieJeeéeeo³emleevHeMetved ®e¬esÀ ~~6~~
meHleceer
lemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngle $eÝ®eë meceeefve peef%ejs ~
ívoe*defme peef%ejs lemceeÐepegmlemceeopee³ele ~~7~~
DeJeì Yeeä :- lemceeÐe%eeled ~ lemceeled ³e%eeled meJe&ngleë $eÝ®eë meeceeefve peef%ejs ~ ívoebefme peef%ejs lemceeled
³epegë lemceeled Depee³ele ~ lemceeosJe ³e%eelmeJe&ngleë ÒepJeeefueleeled ³eLee $eÝ®eë meeceeefve ³epetbef<e ®e osJee
GlHeeo³eefvle ívobefme ®e ~ SJeceelce³e%es ÒeCeJesve oerefHeles mJe³ecesJe %eeveeoefOeefÿleeefve YeJeefvle ~ SJeb ³esve
Hejceelceefve %ee³eles meJex peiOeeë (?) meJe¥ Jee²e³eb %eeveb YeJeleerefle ~~7~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- meJe&ngleë lemceeÐe%eeled $eÝ®eë meeceeefve ®e peef%ejs GlHeVeeefve ~ ívoeefme iee³e$³eeoerefve
peef%ejs lemceeÐepegjH³epee³ele ~ $eÝi³epegë meeceefYeMívoesefYe½e efJevee ³e%ee ve efmeO³eefvle ~~~7~~
Deäceer
lemceeoée Depee³evle ³es kesÀ peesYe³eeoleë ~
ieeJees n peef%ejs lemceeÊemceeppeelee DepeeJe³eë ~~8~~~
GJeì Yeeä :- lemceeled ~ lemceeled Deéeeë Depee³evle ³es kesÀ ®e GYe³eeoleë ~ ieeJeë n peef%ejs lemceeled
lemceeled peeleeë DepeeJe³eë ~ lemceeÐe%eele Deéeeë Depee³evle GlHeVee~ ~ leLee³es kesÀ peeéeeefleefjkeÌlee
ieo&Yeeo³eesçéeleje½e GYe³eeoleë GYe³eesYee&ie³eeso&vlee ³es<eeb les GYe³eoleë ~ íevomeb oerIe&lJeced ~
TOJee&OeesYeeie³eeso&vle³egkeÌleeë meefvle lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee n mHegÀìb lemceeÐe%eeled ieeJeë ®e peef%ejs ~ efkebÀ®e
lemceeÐe%eeled DepeeJe³eë Depeeë DeJe³e½e peeleeë ~ veefn HeMegefYeefJe&vee ³e%eë efmeO³esled ~~8~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :ö lemcee%eeled Deéeeë Depee³evele GlHeVeeë leLee ³es kesÀ ®eeéeeefleefjkeÌlee ie&oYeeo³eesçéeleje½e
GYe³eeoleë GYe³eesYee&ie³eeso&vlee ³es<eeb les GYe³eoleë ~ íevomeb oerIe&lJeced ~ TOJee&OeesYeeie³eeso&vle³egkeÌleeë meefvle
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 77
lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee n mHegÀìb lemceeled ³e%eeled ieeJeë ®e peef%ejs ~ efkebÀ®e lemceeÐe%eeled DepeeJe³eë Depeeë
DeJe³e½e peeleeë ~ ve efn HeMegefYeefJe&vee ³e%eë efmeO³esled ~~8~~
veJeceer
leb ³e%eb yeefn&ef<e Òeew#evHeg©<eb peeleceûeleë ~
lesve osJee De³epevle meeO³ee $eÝ<e³e½e ³es ~~9~~
GJeì Yee<³e :- leb ³e%eced ~ leced ³e%eced Jeefn&ef<e Òeew#eved Heg©<eced peeleced Deûeleë ~ lesve osJeeë De³epevle
meeO³eeë $eÝ<e³eë ®e ³es ~ ³eLesvêsCe le$e ³e%es DeefiveäesceeK³ees Jeefn&<ee Òeesef#eleë Heg©Mes peeleë ~ leÜoelce³e%es
Jeefn&<ee HedeCee³eecesve oerefHelesve leefmcevHeg©<ees peeleë ~ %eeveceglHeÐeles efoJ³eced ~ Deûeleë ÒeLeceleë ~ lesve osJee
Fvêeo³eë meeO³ee½e $eÝ<e³e½e ³eLee De³epevle ~ leLee osJee ³eesefieveë keÀefHeueeo³e½e meeO³ee½eHejs $eÝ<e³eë ~
$eÝ<e³e½eeH³eslesvewJe ÒeCeJeeefOeefÿlesve Heg©<esCeelce³e%eb ke=ÀleJevle Fefle ~~9~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³e%emeeOeves ³e%eMeyoë ~ ³e%eb ³e%emeeOeveYetleb leb Heg©<eb HeMeglJeceeYeeJ³e ³etkesÀ ye×b
yeefn&ef<eceevemes ³e%es Òeew#evÒeesef#eleJevleë Òees#eCeeefoefYeë mebmkeÀejewë mebmke=ÀleJevleë ~ keÀer¢Meced ~ Deûeleë me=äsë
HetJex peeleb Heg©<elJesveeslHeVeced ~ Sle®®e ÒeevesJeeskeÌleced lemceeefÜje[pee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<e Fefle ~ lesve
Heg©<eªHesCe HeMegvee osJee De³epevle ceeveme³eeieb efve<HeeefoleJevleë ~ kesÀ les osJee Fl³e$een ~ ³es meeO³eeë
me=efämeeOeve³eesi³eeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeYe=le³eë ~ ³es ®e leovegketÀuee $eÝ<e³eë cev$eêäejë les meJexçH³e³epevle ~~9~~
oMeceer
³elHe©<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eced ~
cegKeb efkeÀcem³eemeereflkebÀ yeent efkeÀcet© Heeoe G®³esles ~~10~~
GJeì Yee<³e :- ³elHeg©<eced ~ ³eled Heg©<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eved ~ cegKeced efkeÀced Dem³e Deemeerled efkebÀ
yeent efkeÀced Tª Heeoew G®³esles ~ ³elHeg©<eced osJee Fvêeo³eë leefmceved ³e%es J³eoOegë ke=ÀleJevlees ³eLee ~ leÜled
³esefieveë Deelce³e%es Heg©<eb %eeveced ³eled %eeveevleb lelke=ÀleJevleë keÀefleÒekeÀejb efJekeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ lem³ewJebefJeOel³e
efkebÀ cegKeced keÀew yeent keÀew Tª Heeoew G®³esles G®®evleeefcel³eLe&ë ~ ye´eïeCe#eef$e³eJewM³eMetêeë efmLelee
Fl³eLe&ë ~~10~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 78
cenerOejYee<³e : ÒeMveesÊejªHesCe ye´eïeCeeefome=efä JekeÌlegb ye´ïeJeeefoveeb ÒeMvee G®³evles ~ HejpeeHelesë ÒeeCeªHee
osJe ³eled ³eoe Heg©<eb J³eoOegë keÀeuesveesoHeeo³eved leoe keÀefleOee keÀefleefYeë ÒekeÀejwJ³e&keÀuHe³eved efJeefJeOeb
keÀefuHeleJevleë ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³e cegKeb efkeÀceemeerled efkebÀ yeent Tª ®eemleeced ~ efkebÀ®e Heeoew G®³esles HeeoeJeefHe
efkeÀceemleeefcel³eLe&ë ~~10~~
SkeÀeoMeer
ye´eïeCeesçm³e cegKeceemeerÜent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~
Tª leom³e ³eÜwM³eë HeÓd³ee*d Meêes Depee³ele ~~11~~
DeJeì Yee<³e :- ye´eïeCesçm³e ~ ye´eïeCeë Dem³e cegKeced Deemeerled yeent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~ Tª lele Dem³e ³eled
JewM³eë HeYÐeeced Metêë Depee³ele ~ Dem³e me%eeslHeVem³e Heg©<em³e ³es kesÀef®eêeïeCeeë les cegKeced Deemeerled ~ ³es
#eef$e³eeë les yeentke=Àleeë ~ ³es JewM³eeë les Dem³e ªª ke=Àleeë ~ ³es Metêeë les HeYÐeece Depee³evle Fefle keÀuH³evles
leom³eeslHeVeleJeeefoefle ~ SJeceslesçJe³eJeeë efMejëÒeYe=le³eë Heg©<em³e efJeÐevles veev³es Fefle ~~11~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- HetJeexkeÌleÒeMveesÊejeC³een ~ ye´ïeCeë ye´ïelJepeeefleefJeefMeäë Heg©<eesçm³e
ÒepeeHelesceg&Keceemeerled ~ cegKeeoglHeVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ jepev³eë #eef$e³elJepeeefleefJeefMeäes yeent ke=Àleë yeentlJesve
efve<Heeefoleë ~ leled leoeveercem³e ÒepeeHelesë ³eled ³eeJetª leêtHees JewM³eë mebHeVeë ~ T©Y³eeceglHeeefole Fl³eLe&ë ~
leLeemleg HeYÐeeb MetêlJepeeefleceevHeg©nesçpee³ele GlHeVeë ~~11~~
ÜeoMeer
®evêcee cevemees peele½e#eesë met³eex Depee³ele ~
Þees$eeÜe³eg½e ÒeeCe½e cegKeeoefivejpee³ele ~~12~~
GJeì Yee<³e :- ®evêcee cevemeë ~ ®evêceeë cevemeë peeleë ®e#eesë met³e&ë Depee³ele ~ Þees$eeled Jee³egë ®e ÒeeCeë
®e cegKeeled Deefive~ Depee³ele ~ lem³ewJebefJeOem³e ³e%eeslHeVem³e Heg©<em³e ~ ®evêceeë cevemeë ®eslemeë peeleë
Depee³elesefle keÀuHevee ~ ceve SJe ®evêceeë ~ ®e#eesë ves$eeY³eeb met³e&ë ~ ves$es SJe met³e&ë ~ ³e~ ÒeeCees peerJeë me
SJe Jee³egë Þes$eled Depee³elesefle keÀuH³eles Þees$ecesJe Jee³egë ~ ³eesç³eceefiveë me cegKeeled Depee³elesefle keÀuH³eles
cegKecesJeeefiveë DeMeesHleVelJeeefoefle ~~12~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 79
cenerOej Yee<³e ö³eLee oO³eeefleêJ³eeefCe ieJeeo³eë HeMeJeë $eÝieeefoJesleeë ye´eïeCeo³ees ceveg<³ee½e lemceeoglHeVeeë
SJeb ®evêeo³ees osJee DeefHe lemceeosJeeslHeVee Fl³een ~ cevemeë mekeÀeMee®e®evêceeë peeleë ~ ®e#eesë ®e#eg<eë
mekeÀeMeelmet³e&ë Depee³ele ~ Jee³egë ÒeeCe½e Þees$eelkeÀCee&opee³ele ~ cegKeeoefivejpee³ele ~~12~~
$e³eesoMeer
veeY³ee Deemeerovleefj#e*d Meer<eex Ðeewë meceJele&le ~
HeÓd³eeb Yetefceefo&Meë Þees$eeÊeLee ueeskeÀeB Mee DekeÀuHe³eved ~~13~~
DeJeì Yee<³e :- veeY³ee Deemeerled ~ veeY³eeë Deemeerled Devleefj#eced Meer<Ce&ë Oeewë meced DeJele&le ~ HeVÐeeced Yetefceë
efoMeë Þees$eeled leLe ueeskeÀeved DekeÀuHe³eved ~ lem³ewJebefJeOem³e Heg©<em³e ³ee veeefYeë leosJeevleefj#eb veYeë ~ ³ee Ðeewë
leled Meer<e¥ efMejë ~ meceJele&leesefle keÀefuHeleced ~ Heeoew YetefcejsJe ~ Þees$es ÞeJeCeew efoMeë ~ Þees$eeJe³eJeeë
³emceeefÎMeë ye´ïeCees peeleeë leLewJe meJee&ved ueeskeÀeved Heg©<em³eeJe³eJeYetleeved DekeÀuHe³eefoefle ~~13~~
cenerOejYee<³e :- ³eLee ÒepeeHelesce&veëÒeYe=le³e½evêeoervekeÀuHe³eved leLee vleefj#eeefoueeskeÀeefvel³een veeY³eesefle ~
ÒepeeHelesë veeYesë mekeÀeMeled Devleefj#eceemeerled ~ Meer<Ce&ë efMejmeë Ðeewë mJeie&ë meceJele&leeslHeVee ~ Dem³e HeYÐeeb
HeeoeY³eeb Yetefce©lHeVee ~ Þees$eeefÎMeë GlHeVeeë ~ leLee lesveeskeÌlesve efJeefOevee ueeskeÀevYetjeoerved ÒepeeHelesë
mekeÀeMeeokeÀuHe³eved keÀefuHeleJevleë ~ HeÀueeoeveeslmegkeÀeë keÀeuee Fefle Mes<eë ~~13~~
®elego&Meer
³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJee ³e%ecelevJele ~
Jemevleesçm³eemeeroep³eb ûeer<ce FOceë Mej×efJeë ~~14~~
GJeì Yee<³e :- ³elHeg©<esCe ~ ³eled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJeeë ³e%eced DelevJele ~ Jemevleë Dem³e Deemeerled Deep³eced
ûeer<ceë FOceë Mejled nefJeë ~ keÀLeceVesveeefOejesnefle ~ ³eled ³emceelkeÀejCeeled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee nefJeYet&lesve osJee
Fvêeo³eë ³eLee ³e%eced DelevJele efJemleeefjleJevleë ~ leLee ³eesefieveesçefHe Heg©<esCewJeece=leYetlesve oerefHelesveelcevee
Deelce³e%eb meceefOeke=ÀleJevleë ~ De$e ³e%es Jemevleë De-ep³eceemeerled ûeer<ceë FOceë Mej×efJeefjefle ~ Flej³eeies
JemevleMeyosve meeeflJekeÀes iegCe G®³eles ~ ûeer<ceMeyosve jepemeë ~ Mej®íyosve leecemeë ~ $e³ees efn
iegCeemle$eelce³e%es ³eesefieves peg»leerefle ~~14~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 80
cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³eled ³eoe YetJeexkeÌle¬eÀcesCe osJeMejerjs<eg melceg osJeeë GÊejme=efäefmeOÐeLex
yeeïeêJ³em³eeveglHe3VelJesve Heg©<emJeªHecesJe cevemee nefJeädJesve mebkeÀuH³e Heg©<esCe Heg©<eeK³esve nefJe<ee ceevemeb
³e%ecelevJeleeleefve<ele leoeveercem³e ³e%em³e Jemevleë $eÝlegjsJeep³eceemeerled ~ Deep³elJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle
Fle³eLe&ë ~ SJeb ûeer<ceë FOceë Deemeerled ~ ûeer<cecesJesOcelJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ leLee Mejled nefJeë Deemeerled ~
MejocesJe Hegjes[eMeeefonefJeädJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ HetJe& Heg©<em³e nefJeë meeceev³eªHeleJesve mebkeÀuHeë Devevlejb
Jemevleeoerveeceep³eeefoefJeMes<eªHelJesve mebkeÀuHe Fefle êäJ³eced ~ (1) leleë lemceeÐe%eeefoefle (6) efleñeë
¬eÀcesCewJe ~ leleë meHleem³eemeefVeefle (15) ¬eÀceesçHesef#eleë ~~14~~
HeáeoMeer
meHleem³eemevHeefjOe³eefñeëmeHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~
osJee ³eÐe%eb levJeevee DeyeOe´vHeg©<eb HeMegced ~~15~~
DeJeì Yee<³e :- meHleem³eemeved ~ meHle Dem³e Deemeved HeefjOe³eë ef$eëmeHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~ osJeeë ³eled ³e%eced
levJeeveeë DeyeOe´ved Heg©<eced HeMegced ~ osJee Fvêeo³eë ³eLee ³e%eb Heg©<ecesOeeK³eb efJemleej³evleë Heg©<eb HeMegced
DeyeOe´ved nveJevleë Dem³e Heg©<ecesOe³e%em³e meHle mecegêeë HeefjOe³eë Deemeved ~ Yeejles efn Je<ex ³eeieë ÒeJele&ves ~
ef$eëmeHle ívoebefme iee³e$³eeoerefve meefceOeë ke=Àleeë Deelce³eeies HeefjefOeMeyosve He=efLeJ³eeHemlespeesJee³egjekeÀeMeb
ceveesyegef×efjl³esles HeefjOe³eë keÀuH³evles ~ ef$eëmeHle meefceOeë ~ HeáeceneYetleeefve He=efLeJ³eeoerefve ~ Heáelevcee$eeefCe
ªHeeoerefve ~ Heáe yeg×erefvê³eeefCe ÞesVeeoerve ~ Heáe keÀceXefvê³eeefCe HeeC³eeoerefve ceve½e Sleeë ef$eëmeHele meefceOeë
keÀuHe³eefvle ~ leLee osJee oerH³eceevee %eevesve ³eesefieveë meceeO³eeK³eb ³e%eb levJeevee efJemleej³evleë ~ Heg©<eb %eeveb
Heg©<ecesOeHeMegªHesCeeJeefmLeleced DeyeOe´ved Deie=Úved ~~15~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³eled ³eoe osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë ³e%eb levJeeveeë ceevemeb ³e%eb kegÀJee&Cee~ Heg©<eb
HeMegceyeOe´ved efJejeìdHeg©<ecesJe HeMeglJesve YeeefJeleJevleë ~ SleosJeeefYeÒesl³e HetJex (14) Heg©<esCe nefJe<esl³egkeÌleced ~
leoe mebkeÀefuHelem³e ³e%em³e meHle iee³e$³eeoerefve ívoebefme HeefjOe³e~ Deemeved SsefäkeÀm³eenJeveer³em³e $e³e~
HeefjOe³e DeewÊejJesefokeÀeë $e³eë Deeefol³eë meHleceë HeefjefOeë ÒeefleefveefOe©Heë leLee ®e Þegefleë `iegHl³ew Jee DeefYeleë
HeefjOe³ees YeJevl³eLewlelmet³e&cesJe HegjmleeêesHleejb keÀjesefle` Fefle ~ lele Sles Deeefol³emeefnleeë meHle HeefjOe³ees$e
meHle®ívoesªHeeë ~ ef$eëmeHle ef$eiegCeeë meHele SkeÀefJeMeeflemebK³eekeÀeë meefceOeë ke=Àleeë `ÜeoMe ceemeeë
Heáele&Jeñe³e Fces ueeskeÀe DemeeJeeefol³eë` Sles SkeÀefJebMeeflejskeÀefJebMeefleoe©³egkeÌlesOcelJesve YeeefJeleeë ~ ³eÜe meHle
mecegêeë #eerjesoeo³eesçm³e ³e%em³e HeefjOe³eë Deemeved ~ YeejleKeC[s ³eeiee YeJevleerefle mecegêeCeeb HeefjefOelJeced ~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 81
ef$eë ef$eiegCee~ meHle OevoesJeiee&ë meefceOeë ke=Àleeë iee³e_³eeoerefve meHle Deeflepeiel³eeoerefve meHle ke=Àl³eeoerefve
meHlesefle ~~15~~
<ees[Meer
³e%esve ³e%ece³epevle osJeemleeefve Oeceee|Ce ÒeLeceev³eemeved ~
les n veekebÀ ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvle osJeeë ~~16~~
DeJeìYee<³e :- ³e%esve ³e%eced ~ ³e%esve ³e%eced De³epevle osJeeë leeefve Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceeefve Deemeved ~ les n veekeÀced
ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvele osJeeë ~ ³eLee Fvêeo³ees osJeeë ³e%esve p³eesefleäesceeK³esve ³e%eHeg©<eb
JeemegosJeced efJeefOevee De³epevle ~ ³eleë leeefve ³epeveªHeeefCe Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceeefve Deemeved les n ceneYeei³e³egkeÌleeë
veekebÀ me®evle mJeie¥ mesJevles ~ ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë ÒeLeces megjeë meefvle efJeÐevles osJeeë lespemee osoerH³eceeveeë ~ SJeb
³eesefieveesçefHe oerHeveeÎsJee ³e%esve meceeefOevee veeje³eCeeK³eb %eeveªHeced De³epevle ~ ³eleë leeefve meceeefOeªHeeefCe
Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceev³eemeved les leg veekebÀ mevekeÀeoerveeb mLeeveb ie®íefvle ~ ³es leg ³eesefievees cenefceeveë
pevceevlejwefve&Oet&leiegCeeë Meg×eë les veeje³eCeeK³eb Heg©<eceeefJeMeefvle ~ cegefkeÌleb ie®ívleerl³eLe& ~ ~~16~~
cenerOej Yee<³e :- HetJe&ÒeHeáeveeskeÌleceLe¥ mebef#eH³een ~ osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCeªHee ³e%esve ³eLeeskeÌlesve ceevemesve
mebkeÀuHesve ³e%esve ³e%eb ³e%emJeªHeb ÒepeeHeeflece³epevle HetefpeleJevleë ~ lemceelHetpeveeled leeefve Òeefme×eefve Oecee&efCe
peieêtHeefJekeÀejeCeeb OeejkeÀeefCe ÒeLeceeefve cegK³eeefve Yetleeefve Deemeved ~ SleeJelee me=efäÒeefleHeeokeÀmetkeÌleYeeieeLe&
GkeÌleë ~ DeLeesHeemevelelHeÀueevegJeeokeÀYeeieeLe&ë mebie=¿eles ~ ³e$e ³eefmceefvJejeìdÒeeefHleªHes veekesÀ HetJex meeO³eeë
Hegjeleveeë efJeje[gHeeefOemeeOekeÀeë osJeeë meefvle efleäefvle leb veekebÀ efJejeìdÒeeefHleªHeb mJeie¥ n SJe les ceefnceeveë
leogHeemekeÀe cenelceeveë me®evle me®evles meceJe³eefvle ÒeeHlegJeefvle ~ De[YeeJe Dee<e&ë ~ me=äsë ÒeJeenefvel³eleeb
OeMe&³eefle ~ leogkeÌleced `met³ee&®evêcemeew Oeelee ³eLeeHetJe&cekeÀuHe³eled` Fefle ~~16~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 82
BLOK -II / UNIT - IV
meb. Hee. -
DeYeerJelexve ceefCevee ³esvesvoesve DeefYeJeeJe=Oes~
lesveem³eevJe´ïeCemHelesefYe jeä^e³e JeOe&³es~~1~~
He.Hee. -
DeefYeçJelexve ~ ceefCevee ~ ³esve ~ Fvês: ~ DeefYeçJe®eOes ~~
lesve ~ Demceeved ~ ye´ndæ{: ~ Heles ~ DeefYe ~ jeä^e³e ~ JeOe&³e~~1~~
MeyoeLe& - DeYeerJelexve - ®eejeW lejHeÀ DeÒeeflenle ieefle mes Ietceves, ceefCevee - ceefCe mes, ³esve - efpememes, Fvê: - Fvê,
DeefYeJeeJe=Oes - meËo³e, lesve - Gmemes, Demceeved - nce ueesieeW keÀes, ye´ïeCemHeles - ns ....., jeä^e³e - jeä^ keÀer
mece=ef× kesÀ efueS, DeefYe JeOe&³e - mece=× keÀjes~
mee. Yee. - ³esve mece=ef×meeOevelJesve Òeefme×sve DeYeerJelexve~ DeefYelees Jele&les ®e¬eÀced Devesvesefle DeefYeJeleex vesefYe:~ Je=leg
Jele&ves~ Demceeled ’DekeÀle&efj ®e keÀejkesÀ meb%ee³eeced“ (Hee.met. 3.3.16) Fefle keÀjCes He_ed~ GHemeie&m³e Ie_³eceveg<³es
yengueced (Hee.met. 6.3.122) Fefle oerIe&:~ LeLeIe_keÌleepe%eef$ekeÀeCeeced (Hee.met. 6.2.144) Fefle
GÊejHeoevleesoeÊelJeced~ De$e keÀe³ex keÀejCeMeyo:~ ®e¬eÀvesefceefveefce&lees ceefCe:~ ³eÜe DeefYele: meJe&le: Hejjeä^eoew
DeÒeeflenleieefle Jele&les Heg©<e Fefle DeYeesJeeJe=Oes - DeefYele: meJe&le: ÒeJe=×esçYegled~
Hejcewée³eexHesleefKeueeskeÀerHeefleye&YetJesl³eLe&:~ Je=Oeg Je=×ew~ Demceeled efueefì legpeeoerveeb oerIeexçY³eemem³e (Hee.met.
6.1.7) Fl³eYeemem³e oerIe&:~ Òel³e³emJejsCe DevleesoeÊel³eced~ ³eodJe=ÊeeefVel³eced (Hee.met. 8.1.66) Fefle
efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~ ns ye´ïeCemHeles JesojeMesjefOeHeles ...HeefleHeg$e (Hee.met. 8.3.53) Fefle efJemepe&veer³em³e melJeced~
megJeeceeqv$eles Heje²Jeled mJejs (Hee.met.2.1.2) Fefle <eÿîevlem³e Heje²JeÓeJeeled <eÿîeeceeqv$elemecegoe³em³e
Deeceeqv$elem³e ®e (Hee.met. 8.1.18) Fefle DeDeäefcekebÀ meJee&vegoelelelJeced~ Slelme%ekeÀ osJe lesve
YeeieefoefjleceefnceesHeslesve ceefCevee Demceeled Me$egefYe: Heeref[leeved jeä^e³e~ leeoL³ex ®elegLeea~ mJejeä^eefYeJe=×îeLe&ced
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 83
keÀefjlegjieOeveeefoefYe: mece=×eved kegÀ©~ lJelÒemeeoeled mece=×sjmceeYeer jef#eleb jeä^b Me$egYe³ejefnleb ³eLee DeefYeJe=×b YeJeefle
leLee kegÀ© Fl³eLe&:~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - ®eejeW lejHeÀ (DeÒeeflenle ieefle mes) IetcevesJeeueer efpememes Fvê Je[e ngDee nw, ye´ïeCemHeefle, Gme
(ceefCe) mes nceueesiees keÀes jeä^ (keÀer mece=ef×) kesÀ efue³es Je{eDees~
English Trans.- With the all conquering ampoul (maëi), with which
the sick patient (Indra) gains strength, O Lord of Sciences
(knowledge), may you strengthen us for the sake of our nation.
Note - DeYeerJelexve - uå with DeefYe to go towards. Säyaëa takes it to mean
‘rim’ DeefYelees Jele&les ®e¬eÀced Devesvesefle DeceerJeleex vesefYe:. He also proposes an alternative
explanation -Deefcele: meJe&le: Hejjeäeoew DeÒeeflenleieefle JeÊe&les Devesve Heg©<e Fefle DeYeerJeleex ceefCe:. Second
syllable is lengthed (Ath,prat. III.12; GHemeie&m³e Ieáeceveg<³es yengueced - Päë. VI
3.122). Compounds having in Ie_ed etc. as second member, accent
the final syllable or the second member (LeeLeIe_keÌleepeye$ekeÀeCeeced- Päë.
VI.2.144) DeefYeJeeJe=Oes - DeefYe + uådh ‘to grow’. perf. 3rd. sing.; not
unaccent because preceded by ³esve (³eod Je=Êeeefvlel³eced -Päë., VIII.1.66);
reduplicated by syllable is lengthened (legpoerveeb oerIeexçY³eemem³e - Päë. VI.1.7).
ÅV. (X.174.1) has DeefYeJeeJe=Êes instead of DeefYeJeeJe=Oes. ceefCevee - ÅV. reads nefJe<ee for
ceefCevee ye´ïeCemHeles -For accent see ogefnleefo&Je: (ÅV.I.48.1).
meb. Hee. -
DeefYeJe=l³e meHelveeveefYe ³ee vees Dejele³e:.
DeefYe He=lev³evleb efleÿeefYe ³ees vees ogjm³eefle~~2~~
He.Hee. -
DeefYeçJe=l³e ~ meçHelveeved ~ DeefYe ~ ³ee: ~ ve: ~ Dejele³e:~
DeefYe ~ He=lev³evleced ~ efleÿ ~ DeefYe ~ ³ee: ~ ve: ~ ogjm³eefle ~~2~~
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 84
MeyoeLe& - DeefYeJe=l³e - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes Iesj keÀj, meHelveeved - ÒeefleHeef#e³eeW keÀes, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (Iesj keÀj),
³ee: - pees, vej: - nceejs, Dejele³e: - keÀceer oeve ve osvesJeeueeW keÀes, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (Iesj keÀj),
He=lev³evleced - ³eg× keÀer F®íe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes, DeefYeefleÿ -Hejeefpele keÀjes, DeefYe - Hejeefpele keÀjes, ³e: - pees, ve:
- ncekeÀes, ogjm³eefle - ogJ³e&Jenej keÀjlee nw~
mee. Yee. - ns DeefYeJeÊe& ceves lJeb meHelveeved ~ meHelveerJe meHelvee menpeMe$eJe:~ Demceoer³eebmleeved Me$egved DeefYeJe=l³e
DeefYecegKeb He³ee&Je=l³e efleÿsefle - Je#³eceeCeef¬eÀ³ee De$eeefHe mecyeO³eles lJecesJe ÒeefleHe#eer YetlJee leevkegÀ© Fl³eLe&:~ leLee
³ee: ve: DemceekeÀced Dejele³e: Deoeleej: Demceoer³eb jeä^OeveeefokeÀced DeHeËl³e Mee$eJeb kegÀJee&Cee Jee¿ee: Me$eJe:
leeveefHe~ DeefYeFl³egHemeie&ÞeJeCeeled efleÿefle mebyevOe:~ DeefYecegKeb efleÿ~ leLee He=lev³evleced ³eg×eLe& He=leveeb -mesveeced
Deelceve F®ívleced~ He=leveeMeyoeled megHe Deelceve: ke̳e®ed (Hee.met.3.1.8) Fefle ke̳e®ed~ keÀJ³eOJejHe=levem³eef®e& ueesHe:
(Hee.met.7.4.36)~ Fl³eekeÀjueesHe:~ ³eg×esvecedgKeceefHe Me$egved DeefYeefleÿ~ leLee ³e: Me$eg: ve: DemceekebÀ ogjm³eefle
ogäced DeefYe®eejeefoªHe #egêb keÀce& keÀÊeg&ced F®íefle ~ ogjm³egê&efJeCem³egJe=&<ev³eefle efj<eC³eefle~ leLeeefJeOeceefHe Me$egced
DeefYeefleÿ~ MeeqHleHees: efHeÊJeeod DevegoeÊelJes ke̳e®mJejsCe ceO³eesoeÊced~ ³eÜ=ÊeefVe³eced (Hee.met.8.1.66) Fefle
efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes Iesj keÀj, pees ncekeÀes veneR osvesJeeues nw (GvekeÀes Yeer IesjkeÀj) leLee
pees ncemes) ³eg× keÀer F®íe keÀjves Jeeues nw( GvekeÀes Yeer Iesj keÀj) Hejeefpele keÀjes, pees ncemes ogJ³eJenej keÀjlee nw
(GmekeÀes Yeer Hejeefpele keÀjes)~
English Trans. Conquering our rivals, conquering those enemies
who do not pay our dues, and conquering those who invade us,
may you defeat him who reviles us.
Notes - DeefYeJe=l³e - Gerund in ³e from DeefYe + uå to turn +u³eHed; Säyaëa
takes it here to mean DeefYecegKeb He³ee&Je=l³e, but in the Ågveda (X.174.2) he
understands it as Deefcelees ieceef³elJe; Whitney takes it to mean ‘rolling-over’.
He=lev³evleced - Him who desire to gight; derived from the stem He=levee with the
suffix keÌJe®ed (³e) causing the final.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 85
meb.Hee. -
DeefYe lJe osJe: meefJeleeefYe meescees DeJeerJe=Oeled~
DeefYe lJee efJeéee Yetleev³eefYeJeelees ³eLeemeefme~~3~~
He.Hee. -
DeefYe ~ lJe ~ osJe: meefJelee ~ DeefYe ~ meesce: ~ DeJeerJe=Oeled ~
DeefYe ~ lJee ~ efJeéee ~ Yetleeefve ~ DeefYeçJele&: ~ ³eLee ~ Demeefme~~3~~
MeyoeLe& - lJee - legcekeÀes, osJe: - osJe, meefJelee - meefJele, meesce: - meesce, DeefYe DeJeerJe=Oeled - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes
mece=× efkeÀ³ee nw, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (mece=× efkeÀ³ee nw), lJee - legcekeÀes, efJeéee - mecHetCe&, Yetleeefve - ÒeeefCe³eeW
ves, DeYeerJe³e&: - ®eejeW lejHeÀ OetcevesJeeues, ³eLee - efpememes, Demeefme - ³eves ³enes~
mee. Yee. - ns ceves lJee lJeeb osJe: ÐeesleveelcekeÀ: meefJelee meJe&m³e ÒeeefCepeelem³e ÒesjkeÀ: Slelmeb%ekeÀes osJe:~ DeefYe
Fl³egHemeie&ÞeJeCeeod DeJeerJe=Oeled Fefle ef¬eÀ³ee De$eeefHe mebJeO³eles~ DeY³eJeerJe=Jeled - DeefYele: mece=×ced DekeÀe<eealed~ Je=Oeg
Je=×ew~ Demceeled C³evleeled ue=*ef* ®eef[ iegCes ÒeeHles efvel³eb ívoefme (Hee.met. 7.4.8) Fefle GHeIe$eÝJeCe&m³e
$eÝkeÀejeosMe:~ leLee meescees osJe: Dey³eJeerJe=<eled~ J³eJeefnlee½e (Hee.Met.1.4.82) Fefle GHemeie&m³e
J³eJeefnleÒe³eesie:~ leLee ns ceCes lJee lJee efJeéee -efJeéeeefve, efveefKeueeefve~ MesMíveoefmeyengueced (Hee.met.6.1.70)
Fefle MesueexHe:~ Yeerleeefve YeJeefvle meÊee ueYevle Fefle Yetleeefve ®eje®ejelcekeÀeefve~ keÌleesçefOekeÀjves ®e
Oe´esJ³eieefleÒel³eJemeeveeLe&YeDeeîe: (Hee.met.3.4.74) Fefle YeJeles: keÀLe7efj keÌle Ò³e&³e:~ GHemeie&ÞeJeCeeod De$eeefHe
Òeke=Àleef¬eÀ³eemebyevOe:~ DeY³eJeerJe=Oeled~ DeefYeJeOe&vee efJeef<eied Deen ³eLee ³esve ÒekeÀejsCe ns ceCes lJeced DeefYeJele&:
lJe×ejef³eleg: Heg©<em³e DeefYele: mJejeä^Hejjeä^oew Jele&vemeeOeveYetle: Demeefme YeJeefme leLee lJeeced DeJeerJe=Oeled Fefle
HetJexCe mebJevOe:. DemeYegefJe~ yengueb ívoefme (Hee.met.2.4.73) Fefle MeHees uegieYeeJe:~ ³eeJeÐeLeeY³eeced
(Hee.met.8.1.36) Fefle efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - meefJele= osJe ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=× efkeÀ³ee nw, meesce ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=×
efkeÀ³ee nw, mecHeCe& ÒeeefCe³eeW ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=× efkeÀ³ee ns, leeefkeÀ legce ®eejeW lejHeÀ IetcevesJeeues Jeves jnes~
English Trans.- The Divene Creator Lord has strengthened you
and so has the Blissfull Lord. All the elements have strengthened
you so that you have become all conquering.
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 86
Notes - DeJeerJe=Oeled - uådh ‘to grow’, red-aorist, 3rd. sing. ÅV. reads
DeJe=Je=leled for Demeefme - as ‘to be’ pres. subju.2nd sing; not unaccented
because preceded by ³eLee (³eeJeLeeLeeY³eeced -Päë. VIII.1.36)
meb. Hee. -
DeefYeJeleex DeefYeYeJe: meHelve#e³eCees ceefCe:~
jeä^e³e ce¿eb yeO³eleeb meHelvesY³e: HejeYegJes~~4~~
He.Hee. -
DeefYeçJele&: ~ DeefYeçYeJe: ~ meHelveç#e³eCe: ~ ceefCe:~
jeä^e³e ~ ce¿eced ~ JeO³eeleeced ~ meçHelvesY³e: ~ HejeçYegJes~~4~~
MeyoeLe& - DeefYeJele&: - JeejeW lejHeÀ IetcevesJeeueer, DeYeYeJe: -Hejeefpele keÀjvesJeeueer, meHelve#e³eCe: - efJeHeef#e³eeW
keÀe mebnej keÀjvesJeeueer, ceefCe: - ceefCe, jeä^e³e - jeä^ keÀer mece=ef× kesÀ efue³es, ce¿eced - cesjs ceW, yeO³eleeced - IeIes,
meHelvesY³e: - efJeHeeqkeÌn³eeW keÀes, HejeYegJes - Hejeefpele keÀjves kesÀ efue³es~
mee.Yee. - DeefYeJele: - DeefYeJele&vemeeOevemetle:~ le$e nslegced Deen - DeefYeYeJe: Me$egCeeced DeefYeYeefJelee~ DeefYeYeJeveb
efJeefMeveefä - meHelve#e³eCe: He meHelveeveeb Ye´ele=J³eeJ³eeCeeb #e³ekeÀj:~ ³ele SJeced Dele: DeefYeJele& Fl³eLe&:
lee¢MeesceefCe: ce¿eced~ cece yeO³eleeced~ yevOe yevOeves~ keÀce&efCe ueesìd~ ceefCeyevOeveÒe³eespeveced een - jeä^e³e
jeä^eefYeJe=׳es~ le³ee meHelvesY³e:~ HetJe&Jeled~ <eÿîeLe& ®elegLeea~ Ye´ele=J³eeCeeb HejeYegJes HejeYeJevee³e HejeHetJee&od YeJeles:
mebHeoeefoue#eCees YeeJes eqkeÌJeHed~ yeO³eceeveesç³eb ceefCe: HetJe¥ Me$egefYe: Heeref[lem³e mJejeä^m³e DeefYeJe=ef×b JeeOekeÀeveeb
Me$egCeeb veeMeveb ®e keÀjesleg Fl³eLe&:~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - ®eejeWlejHeÀ IetcevesJeeueer, Hejeefpele keÀjvesJeeueer leLee efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀe mebnej keÀjvesJeeueer ceefCe, jeä^
(keÀer mece=ef×) kesÀ efue³es leLee efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀes Hejeefpele keÀjves kesÀ efue³es cesjs ceW JebOes~
English Trans. - All conquering, all-subduing and the destoryer of
rivals, let this music (of mine) be injected with the fluid from and
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 87
ampoule. These vaccines are in our nations interest. They are the
cures against epidemic disasters.
Notes - JeO³eleeced - bandh ‘to bind’ passive, impv. 3rd. sing HejeYegJes - From
bhü with prefix Heje ‘to perish’, dative infinitive in S.
meb.Hee. -
Gomeew met³eez Deieeogefoob ceecekebÀ Je®e:~
³eLeenb Me$egnesmeev³emeHe#e: meHelvene~~5~~
He.Hee. -
Gled ~ Demeew~ met³e&: ~ Deieeled ~ Gled ~ Foced ~ ceecekeÀced ~ Je®e:~~
³elee ~ Denced ~ Me$egçn: ~ Demeeefve ~ DemeHelve: ~ meHelveçne ~~5~~
MeyoeLe& - Demeer - ³en, met³e&: - met³e&, Gled Deieeled - THej ie³ee nw, Gled - THej, Foced - ³en, ceecekeÀced - cesje,
Je®e: - ceve´, ³eLee - efpeme ÒekeÀej, Denced - ceW, Me$egn: - Me$eg keÀes ceejvesJeeuee, Demeeefve - nesTB, DemeHelve: -
efJevee ÒeefleHe#eer keÀe, meHelvene - ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes ceejvesJeeuee~
mee.Yee. - Demeew veYees ceC[ues Heefj¢M³eceeve: met³e&: meJe&m³e ÒeeCeerpeelem³e ÒesjkeÀes osJe:~ jepemet³emet³e&
(e.met.3.1.114) Fl³eeefovee ke̳eefHe efveHeel³eles~ Goieeled GefoleJeeved FCed ieleew~ FCees iee uegef*
(Hee.met.2.4.45) Fefle ieeosMe:~ ieeeflemLee (Hee.met.2.4.77) Fefle efme®ees uegkedÀ~ efkebÀ®e ceecekeÀced ceoer³eced
Foced DeOegvees®®ee³e&ceeCeb Je®e: Deelcevees pe³eeMebmeelcekebÀ Me$etCeeced DeefYeYeJeÒeefleHeeokebÀ ®e Jeeke̳eced~ ³eÜe pe³eesÎsMesve
Òe³egp³eceeveb cev$eelcekebÀ Jeeke̳eced~ Gled Fefle GHemeie&ÞeJeCeeled Òeke=Àleef¬eÀ³eemebyevOe:~ Goieeled ~ ceecekeÀced Fefle ~
Demce®íyoeled lem³esoced (Hee.met. 4.3.120) Fle³eCed~ leJekeÀcecekeÀeJeskeÀJe®eves (Hee.met.4.3.3.) Fl³emceoes
cecekeÀeosMe:~ met³e¥efo³em³e JeeiJ³eJenejm³e ®e Òeefmeefoleb melJesçefHe efJeMes<elemlelkeÀLevem³e Òe³eespeveced Deen - Denced
DeefYeJele&ceefCeOeejkeÀ: ³eLee ³esve ÒekeÀejsCe (Me$egn: Me$egCeeb nvlee Demeeefve-YeeJeefve~ nve efnbmeeiel³ees:~ DeeefMeef<e
nve: (Hee.met~ 3.2.46) Fefle [Òel³e³e:~ Demlesueexefì Dee[gÊecem³e efHe®®e (Hee.met.3.4.82) Fefle Dee[eiecee~
³eeyeÐesLeeY³eeced (Hee.met.8.1.36) Fefle efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~ efceefHe efHelJeeod DevegoeÊJes Deeiecee DevegoeÊee: (Hee.ce.
3.1.3) Fefle DeeìesçefHe DevegoelelJes OeelegmJejsCe DeeÐeoeÊelJeced~ ³eLee- Denced SJeb YeJeeefve lelee Goieeod Fefle
HetJexCe mebyevOe:~ ceefCeÒeYeeJeeled DeÐelevemet³eexo³e: DeOegveeÒe³egp³eceeveJe®e½e Me$egnveveevegketÀueced DeYegod Fl³eLe&:~ ³ele
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 88
SJeced Dele: Denced DemeHelve: Me$egjefnle SJe~ ³eefo ®e meHelvee YeJes³egmleefn& meHelvene meHelveeveeb Me$etCeeb nvlee
Deeqmce~ nvles: eqkeÌJeHed ®e (Hee.met. 3.2.73) Fefle eqkeÌJeHed~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - ³en met³e& THej ®euee ie³ee nw, cesje ³en cev$e (Yeer) THej (ie³ee nw), leeefkeÀ ceW Me$eg keÀes ceejves
Jeeuee, ÒeefleÎer-jefnle leLee ÒeefleÜefvo³eeW keÀes ceejves Jeeuee nesTB~
English Trans. - Lo, the sunhas gone uphigh and high has gone
up thisword (väcas) of mine, so that I may be slayer of enemies,
slayer of rivals, no rival would be spared from my side.
Notes - De²eled - gä ‘to go’, ‘root’-aorist, 3rd. sing. Demeeefve - as ‘to be’,
pres, subjn, 1st sing., not unaccented because preceded by ³eLee,
DemeHelve: - Having no rival i.e. without enemy; Bahuvréhi compd.
accented on the second member (vecmegY³eeced - Päë. VI.2.172).
mebHee. -
meHelve#e³eCees Ie=<eeefYejeä^es efJe<eemeefn:~
³eLeences<eeb JeerjeCeeb efJejepeeefve pevem³e ®e~~6~~
He.Hee. -
meHelveç#e³eCe:~ Je=<ee ~ DeefYeçjeä^:~ efJeçmemeefn:~~
³eLee ~ Denced ~ S<eeced ~ efJejeCeeced ~ efJeçjepeeefve ~ pevem³e ~ ®e ~~6~~
MeyoeLe& - meHelve#e³eCe: - ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes veä keÀjvesJeeuee, Je=<ee - F®íe keÀes Hetje keÀjvesJeeuee, DeefYejeä^: - DeHeves
meeceL³e& mes jeä^ keÀes HeevesJeeuee~ efJememeefn: - peerlevesJeeuee, ³eLee - efpeme ÒekeÀej, Denced - cesb, S<eeced - Fve
Me$egDeeW kesÀ, JeerjeCeeced - JeerjeW keÀe, efJejepeeefve - Meemeve keÀ©B, pevem³e - DeHeveer ÒepeeDeeW keÀe, ®e - Deewj~
mee.Yee. - GÊejJeeke̳es ³eLesefle ÞeJeCeeled HetJe&Jeeke̳esçefHe DeLee&led leLesl³eO³eeefÛ³eles~ meHelve#e³eCe: meHelveeveeb Me$etCeeb
veeMekeÀ:)~ ef#e #e³es~ veefvoûeefnHe®eeefoY³e: (Hee.met.3.1.134) Fefle keÀÊe&elu³egÒel³e³e:~ Dele: Je=<ee Òepeeveeced
Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 89
FäHeÀuem³e Je<e&keÀ:~ Je=<e mes®eves keÀefvev³egJe=ef<e (Hee.G.1.154) Fl³eeefovee keÀefVeÒel³e³e:~ Dele SJe DeefYejeä^:-
mJejeä^b Hejmeä^b ®e DeefYeiele: DeefOeHeeflelJesve ÒeeHle:~ Del³eeo³e: keÀevleeÐeLex efÜleer³e³ee (HeeJee. 1.4.71.2) Fefle
Òeeefomeceeme:~ Delees efJe<eemeefn: efJeefJeOeb Hegve: Hegve: Hejs<eeb mees{e DeefYeYeefJelee~ Jen DeefYeYeJes~ Demceeod ³e*vleeled
meefnJeefn®eefueHeefleY³ees ³e*dvlesY³e: efkeÀefkeÀveew JekeÌleJ³ees (HeeJee. 3.2.171.2) Fefle efkeÀÒel³e³e:~
DeleesueesHe³eueesHeew~ ceefCeOeejkeÀ: ³eLee ³esve ÒekeÀejsæ{ S<eeced Me$egmebyeefvOeveeb HetJe&ced Deelcevees JeeOekeÀeveeb JeerjeCeeced
Me$egYeìeveeb pevem³emJekeÀer³em³e HejkeÀer³em³e ÒeeefCepeelem³e ®e efJejepeeefve~ jepeeflejwée³e&keÀcee&~ efve³evlee YeJeeefve~
leLesefle HetJexCe mebyevOe: GoerefjleiegCeesHesle: meved ceefCeÒeYeeJeeled Me$egÒeYe=leerveeb meJexneb Meeefmelee YeJeeceerefle YeeJe:~ ³eÜe
GkeÌleiegCeesHesle: meved Denb JeerjeCeeb pevem³e ®e ³eLee efJejepeeefve ns ceCes lJelÒeYeeJeeled lelee Yet³eemeced Fefle Mes<e:~~
efnvoer DevegJeeo - ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes veä keÀjvesJeeuee, (ÒepeeDeeW keÀer) F®®ee keÀes Hegje keÀjvesJeeuee, jeÔì^ keÀes meeceL³e&
mes ÒeeHle keÀjvesJeeuee leLee peerlevesJeeuee (nesTB), leeefkeÀ ceW (Me$egHe#e kesÀ) Fve JeerjeW keÀe leLee (DeHeves SJeb Heje³es)
ueesieeW keÀe MeemekeÀ Jevet~
English Trans.- May I be destroyer of rivals, full of strength,
conqueror of Nation and having sway over subjects, so that I may
rule over these heroes. (Vérän) or brave sons and the people.
Notes - efJe<eemeefn: - Victorious; derived from the perfect base sash ‘to
conquer’+ F is a noun-making termination. The red. syllable is
lengthend, efJejepeeefve - efJe + räj ‘to rule over’. subju.1st. sing; not
unaccented because preceded by ³eLee~
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