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Massive Passive House: Bringing Deep Energy Savings to Multi-Family BuildingsBUILDING ENCLOSURE DESIGN: STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING PASSIVE HOUSE
PERFORMANCE
FEBRUARY 5 & 6, 2019
PRESENTED BY DAN WHITMORE, CPHC
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
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Passive House: Building Climate Action
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Passive House: Building Climate Action
Images: Seattle Times
Albert Righter & TittmannArchitects
“Here is one of the few effective keys to the Design problem: The ability of the Designer to recognise as many of the constraints as possible;
his willingness and enthusiasm for working within these constraints.”-Charles Eames
Keeping the Outside Out & the Inside In, Passively
Albert Righter & TittmannArchitects
Superior Interior Air Quality
Superior Interior Environmental Quality
Superior Energy Performance
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What to we need to deliver?
Building as a
System
• Keep the outside out
• Keep the inside in
• Keep the in-between healthy and stable
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What to we need to deliver?
Building as a
System
Control Heat
Control Moisture
Control Solar Gains
Control Air
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What is Passive House?
Engineering buildings to use ~ half the energy…
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What is Passive House?
Images: Onion Flats
Building Scienceand
Best Practices
• Building Form• Orientation
• Comprehensive management of • Heat• Air• Moisture
• Balanced Ventilation• Right-Sized and Very
Efficient Mechanical Systems
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What is Passive House?
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Building Form
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Building Form
à 1:1 surface-floor ratio à Increase of 10%
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HeatAirMoisture
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Ventilation
condensation drain
exhaust
section
cold in
cold out warm in
exteriorexterior interior
warm out
2'6"
exhaust air
exhaust air
air intake
exhaust airsupply air
supply air
supply air
roof
level 6
level 5
// zehnder comfoair 550
plan
2'10" 1'8"
2'2"
10"
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Efficient Mechanical Systems
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What is Passive House?
phius.org
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passivehouse.com
24Passive House Toolkit - PHIUS
WUFI - Passive
25Passive House Toolkit - PHI
PHPP
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àRule #1: Primum Non Nocere
Do No Harm
Passive House: Delivery is in the Details
Control Moisture
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Control Functions & Critical Barriers
Site Climate - Wetting Risk with Drying Potential
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Image: REACH CDC
Massive Opportunities
---------1 – 12”
-----------12 – 24”
------------Over 24”
ü
Massive Possibilities
Potential Possibilities
àEnclosure to usable area ratio
àCentralized mechanical systems
àBuilding
à Formà Details
àCommercial systems
à Envelopeà Product deliveryà Quality Control
àLong-term value 2nd & Delaware, Kansas City, MO
Photo: Chris Benedict, RA
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Photo: REACH CDC
Break!
Passive House Enclosure Mantra
1. Super-Insulated
2. Air-Tight
3. Thermal Bridge Free
Photo: Walsh Const.
1: Super-Insulated
Just Enough
In ALL the right places
Starting Points: Effective R & U-Values
Windows & Doors
Floor Wall Roof
Mid-Atlantic U-0.20 to 0.24
R-12 (slab) R-24 to 30 R-40 to 60
North East U-0.18 to 0.22
R-16 (slab)R-30
(suspended)
R-28 to 32 R-50
Pacific NorthWest
U-0.18 to 0.24
R-12 (slab)R-30
(suspended)
R-26 to 30 R-50
• >20,000ft2
• ‘Good Form’• <35% Window to Wall Ratio
Effective R-Value
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41Photo: Walsh Const.
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2: Air -Tight
Why the Air Barrier is so important
But Passive House is a different level
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0123456789
1011121314151617181920
1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Airt
ight
ness
[cfm
/ft²
@ 7
5 Pa
]
Airt
ight
ness
[L/(
s.m²)
@ 7
5 Pa
]
Construction of Building [year]
Airtightness Vs Year of Construction of All Buildings
Sample of 179 Buildings
Airtightness versus Year of Construction
2: Air –Tight: Massive How?
Design InstallationQC & Testing
Delivery is in the Details
Delivery is in the Details
Which Material???
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**** An Air Barrier is not a product but is a system of products installed over an array of materials
****
What materials have worked?
Generally Air-tight
à Structural Concrete
à Engineered Lumber
à Air Sealing Tapes
à Building Sealants
à Polyethylene sheet
à SASM
Usually Air-Tight
à Plywood
à OSB
à Sheet Membranes
à Fluid-Applied Barriers
What materials are subject to failure?
à Unreinforced Concrete, esp flatwork
à Mechanically fastened membranes
à WRB Tapes
à Some roofing underlayments
à Spray foam (open and closed-cell)
à Standard Entry Doors
Likely to fail
à Dimensional lumber
à CMU and masonry à Drywall
à Emergency Egress Entry Doors
à Wishful thinkingà ???
May work
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**** An Air Barrier is not a product but is a system of products installed over an array of materials
by a series of individuals ****
Sequencing is a part of detailing
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**** An Air Barrier is not a product but is a system of products installed over an array of materials
by a series of individuals and it’s integrity must be confirmed by a knowledgeable individual ****
Preliminary Testing
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-if you wait,
you’re too late
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Pax Futura ApartmentsPhoto: Vivian Usu
1st test: 0.013 cfm/ft2 @75Pa !!!
3: Thermal-Bridge “Free”
à Exterior Insulation Attachments
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Fiberglass Clip No Through Screws
Stainless Steel Screws
Fiberglass Clip SS Screws
Galvanized Screws
Fiberglass Clip Galv. Screws
Isolated…
Stainless Steel Clip
Intermittent…
Aluminum T-Clip
Continuous…
Continuous…
“If you must build something stupid, for
God’s sake, build it with
wood.”~ Scott Kennedy
Cornerstone Architecture
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And when it’s not of wood,
be diligent
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Continuous shelf angles~50% R-value loss
Shelf angle on stand-offsonly ~15% R-value loss
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-Passive House Process: ”But how is this going to affect me?”
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-Passive House Process
”But how is this going to affect me?”
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-Passive House Process: ”But how is this going to effect my
projects?”
Design and Development
PROPOSED WINDOW MODIFICATIONS
Original Window Layout Suggested Revision for Passive House
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-Passive House Process: ”But how is this going to effect my
projects?”
Design and Development
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-Passive House Process: ”But how is this going to effect my
projects?”
Design and Development
1. Design Development
Feasibility and Preliminary Studies
2. Design Stage Review
Comprehensive review of a complete submission.
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-Passive House Process: ”But how is this going to effect my
projects?”
DeliveryPhotos: Walsh Construction and RDH
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-In our immediate
future: Passive House
and Oregon Energy Code
Executive Order No. 17-20“…to establish an aggressive timeline to achieve net zero energy
ready buildings as standard practice in buildings across the state.”
Image: Weber Thompson Architects
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-In our immediate
future: Passive House
and Energy Code
RCW 19.27a.160“…..residential and nonresidential construction permitted under
the 2031 state energy code must achieve a seventy percent reduction in annual net energy consumption, using the adopted
2006 Washington state energy code as a baseline.”
Image: Weber Thompson Architects
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-In our immediate
future: Passive House
and Energy Code
RCW 19.27a.160“…..residential and nonresidential construction permitted under
the 2031 state energy code must achieve a seventy percent reduction in annual net energy consumption, using the adopted
2006 Washington state energy code as a baseline.”
MASSIVE PASSIVEin the Pacific
Northwest
ORCHARDS AT ORENCO Phase IIHillsboro
REACH CDCAnkron-Moison ArchitectureWalsh COnstruction
MUNICIPAL PASSIVE HOUSEFIRE HALL 17Vancouver
City of VancouverHCMA Architecture
BRECHIN REDEVELOPMENTNanaimo
Church & 74 rental aptsVIA Architecture
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SKEENA DORM Six stories, 220 roomsUBC Okanagan
UBC Properties TrustPublic Architecture
THE HEIGHTS85-unit market rentalVancouver
8th Avenue Development Cornerstone ArchitecturePeak Construction Group
Solis45-unit Market-Rate CondominiumsSeattle
Weber-Thompson ArchitectsSolterra DevelopmentCascade Built
PASSIVE HOUSE PORTFOLIO
320 Queen Anne
Nicholson Kovalchick Architects / nkarch.com
1488 ALBERNI48 storeys, 490 unitsVancouver
Landa GlobalAsia Standard AmericasRobert A.M. Stern ArchitectsMusson Cattell Mackey
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-If you wait,
you’re too late
Passive House: Building Climate Action-Don’t wait
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Discussion + Questions
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT
à www.rdh.com à www.buildingsciencelabs.com
OR CONTACT US AT
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