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Introduction to Marylands
COASTAL HAZARDS
Introduction to Marylands
COASTAL HAZARDS
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Presentation Overview
What are coastalhazards?
How do coastalhazards impact peopleliving or working in
Marylands CoastalZone?
Introduction to Marylands
COASTAL HAZARDS
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PRESENTATION GOAL:To assist you with understandingMarylands coastal hazards and to be
aware of your risk and environmentaland management issues associated withaddressing these events.
Introduction to Marylands
COASTAL HAZARDS
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WHAT ARE COASTAL HAZARDS
NATURAL and MAN-MADE events that threaten thehealth of coastal ecosystems and communities. Thisdefinition includes, but is not limited to, hurricanes,tsunamis, erosion, oil spills, harmful algal blooms, andpollution.
This presentation will focus on natural coastal hazardsthat occur in Maryland such as:
storms,
erosion,
sea level rise
coastal flooding/storm surge.
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WHERE DO COASTAL HAZARDS
OCCUR
Ocean front
In sheltered coastlines like Chesapeake Bay Along tributaries and in the Watershed
All of these areas are part of the Coastal
Zone
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Where is the Coastal Zone in Maryland?
THE COASTAL ZONE
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In Maryland, the coastal zone includes the area in darkgrey, which has over 7,700 miles of tidal shoreline and
many diverse landscapes.
The Coastal Zone isThe Coastal Zone is
Home to 70% ofHome to 70% of
MarylandMarylands residentss residents
16 counties &16 counties &
Baltimore CityBaltimore City
THE COASTAL ZONE
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These diverse landscapes include the
LowLow -- lyinglying
coastal plaincoastal plain
on theon theEasternEastern
ShoreShore
THE COASTAL ZONE
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TheThe
barrierbarrierislandsislandsalong thealong theAtlanticAtlantic
Ocean andOcean andthetheCoastalCoastalBaysBays
These diverse landscapes include the
THE COASTAL ZONE
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The unconsolidatedThe unconsolidated(sandy and loose)(sandy and loose)
consistency of theconsistency of thesediments alongsediments alongthe Western Side ofthe Western Side ofthe Chesapeakethe ChesapeakeBay.Bay.
THE COASTAL ZONE
These diverse landscapes include the
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Due to placing property and lives ininappropriate areas
WHY IS MARYLAND VULNERABLE
TO COASTAL HAZARDS?
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TYPES OF
COASTAL HAZARDS
Nature is constantly atwork shaping andreshaping Earthssurface.
Meteorological events,such as hurricanes andnoreasters, areseasonal.
Hurricane Isabel as itHurricane Isabel as it
approached landfall atapproached landfall atCape Hatteras, NC,Cape Hatteras, NC,
20032003
Forces of Nature: Storms
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TYPES OF
COASTAL HAZARDS
Geological forces like
waves, erosion and sealevel rise affect ourshorelines on a dailybasis.
Forces of Nature: Geological Processes
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TYPES OF
COASTAL HAZARDS
The average rate of seaThe average rate of sealevel rise in Maryland islevel rise in Maryland is
between 3between 3--4mm per4mm per
year (or 1 foot peryear (or 1 foot percentury)century) a rate nearlya rate nearly
twice the nationaltwice the national
average.average.
Sharps Island Lighthouse constructed in1881, once situated on a 900 acre island, nowcompletely submerged.
Forces of Nature:Forces of Nature: Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSNationally and regionally, more and more
people are moving to our coastal communities:
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSWhen people move to
dynamic coastal areas,the intensivedevelopment weestablish alongcoastlines actuallyinterferes with naturalcoastal processes.
Ocean City, Maryland
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSInterfering with natural coastal processes can
have negative impacts such as:Increasing
Erosion
Sediment staved shorelinedue to structure placement.
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSIn order to prevent erosion, people build
hard defensive structures:
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSBut they may be helping toacceleratetheerosionhazard or cause thelossof nearshore habitat andbeach:
Scour of sediment fromthe front of the bulkheadleads to deepening ofwater and loss of
intertidal habitat like
marshes and beaches
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSSeawalls and bulkheads deflects energy of waves as opposed to
native vegetation which absorbs and buffers the energy.
Baffling by plants & slopereduces incomingwave energy.
Un-baffled wave energyreflects down & back.
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSSeawalls and bulkheads deflects energy of waves as opposed to
native vegetation which absorbs and buffers the energy.
Baffling by plants & slopereduces incomingwave energy.
Bank scour
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSWhen people move to
dynamic coastal areas,the intensivedevelopment we
establish alongcoastlines, theybecome morevulnerable to stormsand flooding.
Ocean City, Maryland
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSCoastal flood events are often devastating to local
community, and regional economy.
Damage to homes at
Chesapeake Beach,Maryland, caused byTropical Storm I sabelstorm surge. Photocourtesy of Zoe Johnson.
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSOur most recent coastal flood event occurred in 2003,when Hurricane Isabel pushed water up the Baycausing the sea to temporarily rise as much as 10feet in some places.
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COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDSThe natural rise of the sea throughout time inresponse to change in global climate and localland changes, know as SEA LEVEL RISE, is alsoincreasing our vulnerability to flooding.
A place that may besafe to live in now maybecome vulnerable to
flooding and erosion inthe future.
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Together, storms,
ongoing daily coastalprocesses, and sea levelrise result in
Approximately 69% ofMarylands coast iscurrently eroding.
COASTAL HAZARDS
TRENDS
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Management Responses
So what are the options to address Coastal
Hazards in Maryland?1)Do nothing/abandon
against a changing
climate and shorelineenvironment.
Example: Succumb to nature byabandon upon losing theproperty, allowing the shore toreturn to a natural state
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Management Responses
So what are the options to address Coastal
Hazards in Maryland?2)Adapt/Accommodateto a changing climate
and shorelineenvironment
Example: Adjust the design of ahome so it can survive a floodevent such as elevating astructure
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Management Responses
So what are the options to address Coastal
Hazards in Maryland?
3)Retreatfrom a
change climate andshoreline environment
Example: Moving the housefarther back on the propertyaway from the shoreline CTDEP
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Management Responses
So what are the options to address Coastal
Hazards in Maryland?
4)Defendagainst a
change climate andshoreline environment
Example: build a defensivestructure to address land loss
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Management Program
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) works
to address shoreline erosion and coastalhazards and development in America and someIsland territories.
The philosophy of the CZMA on Coastal Hazards is
simple: Promote Community Resiliency and
Sustainability
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Management Program
It is wise and less costly to be build smart andwith the natural system than to remedy the
problem after development has occurred
CTDEP
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Coastal Zone
Management Program
Coastal Zone
Management ProgramCZMA IS COASTAL LEGISLATION, but leaves
day-to-day regulating and management decisionsto the State under federally approved coastalmanagement programs.
Currently, 95,376 national shoreline miles (99.9%)are managed by the Program. State and federalcoastal zone management efforts are guidedunder three major themes:
Sustainable Coastal Communities,
Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems, and
Improved Government Efficiency.
C l Z
C t l Z
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Coastal Zone
Management Program
Coastal Zone
Management ProgramThe CZMP assists with several things to reduce the
impacts of coastal hazards on local communities suchas:
Mapping & monitoringMapping & monitoring coastal erosioncoastal erosion
CreateCreate setback & permitting systemssetback & permitting systems to limit development into limit development in
the most dangerous areasthe most dangerous areas
EstablishEstablish plansplans for rebuilding after disastersfor rebuilding after disasters
DevelopDevelop relocation policies & beach nourishmentrelocation policies & beach nourishment programs toprograms to
help restore the natural protective function of beaches &help restore the natural protective function of beaches &
dunesdunes
C t l Z
C t l Z
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Coastal Zone
Management Program
Coastal Zone
Management ProgramThe CZMP assists with several things to reduce the
impacts of coastal hazards on local communities suchas:
Establish and protect buffer areas (beaches & wetlands)
Provide public education on vulnerability
Coordinate with Agencies that conduct state emergency
preparedness agencies, and
Work with FEMA assist with hurricane warning systems &evacuation plans for coastal residents, so that fewer people get
injured.
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You can learn more about coastal hazards and how theyimpact people, the land, and biological communities byusing the Maryland Shorelines Online (MSO) web portal
Maryland Shorelines OnlineCoastal Hazard Web Portal
Maryland Shorelines Online
Coastal Hazard Web Portal
htt ://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/
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Maryland Shorelines Changes Online
Map Viewer
An interactive
mappingapplication is alsoavailable on MSOallowing users to
access historicalshoreline andphysical datalayers and toassess shoreerosion trends.
http://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/launchmapper.asp
M l d Sh li O li
M l d Sh li O li
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MSO Coastal Hazard Lessons utilizes the interactiveweb map viewer to allow students to conduct in-depthinvestigations
Maryland Shorelines Online
Coastal Hazard Lessons
Maryland Shorelines Online
Coastal Hazard Lessons
M l d
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
This conceptual model highlights the focus of theThis conceptual model highlights the focus of the
differentdifferent Maryland Coastal Hazards LessonsMaryland Coastal Hazards Lessons..
M l d
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
Each lesson is represented by its own icon:Each lesson is represented by its own icon:
Coastal HazardsCoastal Hazards
Coastal ProcessesCoastal Processes
Human ActivitiesHuman Activities
WeatherWeather
Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise
Biological CommunitiesBiological Communities
M l d
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
Yet, each lesson concept is interconnected to others:Yet, each lesson concept is interconnected to others:
M l d
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
WeatherWeather: seasonal storms, such as hurricanes: seasonal storms, such as hurricanes
and norand noreasters.easters.
Mar land
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards LessonsCoastal ProcessesCoastal Processes: waves, longshore current,: waves, longshore current,tides, erosion and accretion.tides, erosion and accretion.
Maryland
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise: tectonic subsistence (land: tectonic subsistence (land
sinking, usually due to extraction of groundsinking, usually due to extraction of groundwater and minerals), and sea level rise.water and minerals), and sea level rise.
Maryland
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards LessonsHuman ActivitiesHuman Activities: shoreline development: shoreline development(buildings, houses, docks, sea walls, rip(buildings, houses, docks, sea walls, rip--rap &rap &roads), motor boat wakes/waves, filling or lossroads), motor boat wakes/waves, filling or lossof wetlands.of wetlands.
Maryland
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards Lessons
Biological CommunityBiological Community: habitat, plants and: habitat, plants and
animals.animals.
Maryland
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Maryland
Coastal Hazards LessonsTry out this GIS application and theTry out this GIS application and the
Coastal Hazards LessonsCoastal Hazards Lessons
http://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/launchmapper.asp