Risk assessment from pesticides in areas of high vulnerability in Colombia
Martha Villamizar
Pr. Martha Isabel Páez M Rodrigo Sarria
Ghisliene Echeverry
Chemistry Department
Universidad del Valle Research Group in Environmental Pollution by Metals and Pesticides (GICAMP)
Cartagena
Valle del Cauca (River Cauca)
1. HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A POPULATION NEAR TO A PESTICIDE
BURIAL IN CARTAGENA CITY
4 4 N
Ciudadela 2000
Containment area
44 Ha
School
100 m
Storage buildings
Baseball field
44 Hectáreas
STUDY AND CONTROL SITE
Metodología
Puntosdemuestreopreliminarensuelo
10
Preliminary study
Sampling points
AIR MONITORING
PASSIVE SAMPLER
ACTIVE SAMPLER 24 hours
Puntos Muestreadores Pasivos de aire
14
AU
GU
ST
FEB
RU
AR
Y
30
DA
YS
60
DA
YS
90
DA
YS
Muestreodeaire
Muestreodeaireempleando
muestreadores
Muestreodeaireempleando
muestreadorac vo
13
Muestreodeaire
Muestreodeaireempleando
muestreadores
Muestreodeaireempleando
muestreadorac vo
13
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF BLOOD AND URINE
DDT DDE
SOIL SAMPLING
MAIN FINDINGS
ACTIVE AIR SAMPLING
MAIN FINDINGS
CHLORPYRIFOS
SERUM SAMPLES (BLOOD)
(a) Distribution of pp-DDE concentrations (ng / g lipid) in the exposed group (n = 80) and control (n = 20).
(b) Box and whiskers of the logarithm of the concentrations of pp-DDE (ng / g lipid) in the exposed and control groups
Control Study Site
Control Study Site
LogC
on
c p
,p-D
DE
C
on
c p
,p-D
DE
(b) (a)
DDT
Lote Colombiatón y Ciudadela 2000
Ciudadela 2000
Cancha de
beisbol
Colegio Ciudadela 2000
Lote Colombiatón
Las personas que habitan en Ciudadela 2000, y las que frecuentan la cancha de beisbol y el Colegio NO TIENEN EXPOSICIÓN en este momento con los plaguicidas enterrados, y este contacto se debe seguir evitando.
49
COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT AND CIUDADELA 2000
SCHOOL
BASEBALL FIELD
COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT
THE PEOPLE AT CIUDADELA 2000, THE BASEBALL FIELD AND THE SCHOOL HAVE NO RISK BECAUSE OF THE BURIED PESTICIDES BUT SHOULD NOT HAVE CONTACT WITH COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT
COLOMBIATON EMPLACEMENT
REPORTED DATA FROM 2006
Organophosphorous pesticides
Organochlorine pesticides
chlorpyrifos diazinon
Dichlorvos Dimethoate disulfoton
ethyl parathion Ethoprophos Fenchlorphos
(Ronnel) Guthion
methyl Parathion O, O, O-triethyl
phosphorothionate Parathion propoxur
Prothiofos (Tokuthion)
Phorate Thionazin
metamidofos Malathion
Aldrin alpha BHC Beta BHC Chlordane
DDD DDE DDT
Dieldrin Endosulfan Endosulfan
sulfate
Endrin Endrin Aldehyde
Endrin Ketone Epsilon BHC gamma BHC
heptachlor Epoxide Heptachlor
Methoxychlor Toxaphene
Technical Concept 886 of June 15, 2006 the MAVDS.
Chlorpyrifos Toxaphene
Endrin Ketone Endrin Aldehyde
DDE DDT
DDD
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
SADA: Spatial Analysis And Decision Assistance
MODELS FOR HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Carcinogenic risk by ingestion Carcinogenic risk by dermal contact
Carcinogenic risk by Inhalation Carcinogenic risk by vegetable ingestion
Total cancer Risk map
Risk > 10-5
18
Noncarcinogenic risk by soil ingestion Noncarcinogenic risk by dermal contact
Noncarcinogenic risk by vegetable ingestion Noncarcinogenic risk by inhalation
Total noncancinogenic risk map
Risk > 1
Risk assessment for possible uses of the emplacement
• Residential
• Industrial
• Agricultural
• Recreation
• Excavation
• Construction
RISK
2. PESTICIDES IN WATER AND SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVER CAUCA
SP1 (La Balsa), SP2 (Hormiguero), SP3 (Juanchito), SP4 (Puerto Isaacs), SP5 (Paso de la torre), SP6 (Mediacanoa), SP7 (Puente Guayabal) SP8 (Anacaro).
WATER AND SEDIMENTS
RIVER CAUCA
460 Km
SPE Ultrasonic extraction Pesticide Concentration
(mg/l)
Mean
recovery (%)
LOD
µg/l
Concentration
(mg/l)
Mean
recovery (%)
LOD
mg/kg α-BHC 0.06 112,00 (25,00) 0,0250 0.10 107,00 (2,83) 0,0050 b-BHC 0.09 94,00 (13,00) 0,0260 0.16 144,00 (2,83) 0,0050
g-BHC 0.07 88,00 (12,00) 0,0120 0.09 81,00 (8,49) 0,0020 p,p'-DDT 0.73 166,60 (171,00) 0,0460 0.22 106,50 (17,68) 0,0090
p,p'-DDD 0.07 60,10 (55,60) 0,0140 0.08 93,00 (8,49) 0,0030 p,p'-DDE 0.04 106,00 (28,00) 0,0130 0.07 102,00 (1,41) 0,0030 Aldrin 0.06 79,00 (19,00) 0,0120 0.08 79,00 (14,14) 0,0020 Dieldrin 0.06 80,00 (6,00) 0,0130 0.10 107,00 (1,41) 0,0030 Endrin 0.07 46,90 (25,40) 0,0150 0.10 115,50 (13,44) 0,0030
Endrin ketone 0.30 102,00 (1,00) 0,0280 0.45 107,50 (2,12) 0,0060 Endosulphan-α 0.28 78,00 (9,00) 0,0130 0.20 128,00 (11,31) 0,0030 Endosulphan-b 0.15 92,00 (5,00) 0,0070 0.20 98,00 (8,49) 0,0010
Heptachlor 0.04 89,00 (29,00) 0,0240 0.07 103,00 (4,24) 0,0050 Methoxychlor 0.69 87,40 (40,40) 0,0660 0.50 99,00 (4,24) 0,0130 Dichlorvos 1.00 58,20 (19,92) 0,0240 0.50 55,97 (12,41) 0,0240
Sulfotep 0.50 61,52 (11,21) 0,0990 2.10 52,84 (9,09) 0,0990
Thionazin 1.25 88,30 (5,22) 0,0580 1.10 63,50 (3,95) 0,0580 Prophos 2.90 125,15 (11,93) 0,2870 2.40 88,76 (3,36) 0,2870 Dimethoate 0.70 100,80 (7,62) 0,7190 3.70 79,57 (6,92) 0,7190 Diazinon 1.00 186,67 (15,90) 0,1090 1.40 83,19 (4,84) 0,1090 Disulfoton 0.40 13,80 (9,40) 0,1150 2.00 75,20 (5,48) 0,1150
Parathion 4,20 86,12 (3,90) 1,1160 4.96 75,72 (2,92) 1,1160 Parathion-methyl 0.20 94,22 (4,49) 0,0460 0.80 78,80 (6,42) 0,0460 Fenchlorvos 0.30 73,29 (11,05) 0,0070 0.50 77,47 (3,08) 0,0070 Chlorpyriphos 4.20 81,84 (6,50) 0,0440 0.55 119,20 (4,85) 0,0440 Prothiofos 0.20 52,10 (9,04) 0,0540 0.50 84,91 (4,84) 0,0540
Famphur 0.50 157,30 (18,23) 0,0540 1.10 89,33 (6,35) 0,0540 Carbaryl 0.05 99,84 (4,04) 0,0025 0.05 82,46 (5,05) 0,0012 Simazine 0.1 77,04 (5,53) 0,0101 0.1 83,76 (9,38) 0,0050 Atrazine 0.1 87,18 (6,29) 0,0046 0.1 92,54 (3,46) 0,0023 Methomyl 0.2 14,68 (3,64) 0,0155 0.2 85,08 (6,91) 0,0077
Diuron 0.2 101,92 (4,02) 0,0089 0.2 87,02 (1,44) 0,0045 Propanil 0.2 106,90 (7,40) 0,0111 0.2 92,75 (8,40) 0,0056
33 PESTICIDES
14 ORGANOCHLORINE
13 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
2 CARBAMATES
3 TRIAZINES
1 DIMETHYLUREA
EPA 508.1
EPA 3550 C MODIFIED EPA METHODS
Sampling period 2010 and 2011 3 times
Above the levels established by the US EPA
Water (21 pesticides) Sediment (22 pesticides)
α-HCH Heptachlor Methoxychlor Endrin ketone Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Methyl parathion Parathion Carbaryl Diuron Atrazine Simazine
α-BHC -BHC Aldrin Dimethoate Thionazin Prophos Prothiofos Famphur
Parathion-methyl
Endosulfan Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Dieldrin α-BHC p,p'-DDT p,p'-DDE Heptachlor Methoxychlor Dichlorvos Sulfotep
Prophos Dimethoate Atrazine Simazine Diuron Aldrin Endrin ketone Thionazin Parathion-methyl Prothiophos Carbaril
0
10
20
30
I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II IIISP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7 SP8
59
.4
79
.0
56
.0
44
.0
11
2.0
52
.0
24
0.5
1
19
.0
50
.6
17
7.0
2
16
.0
ug/
l
∑ OCs
∑ OPs
∑ OP
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II IIISP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7 SP8
mg/
kg
∑ OCs
∑ OPs
∑ OP
Distribution of total pesticides in the River Cauca water
sediment
Next step: Catchment modelling in the River Cauca
Renaud, F. G., Bellamy, P. H. and Brown, C. D. (2008). Simulating pesticides in ditches to assess ecological risk (SPIDER): I. Model description. Science of the Total Environment, 394(1), 112-123.
SPIDER
Modelling the fate of pesticides in the Wensum catchment in the UK
Villamizar, M.L., Brown, C.D.
University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Poster 12
Conclusions
Agricultural activities in countries like Colombia need to be adjusted to GAP standards to decline pesticide impacts
Urgent to continue monitoring programmes to confirm disturbing result risk
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