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The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America (ISSN 0025-6633) is published bi-monthly by the Orders and Medals
these should be submitted to the Editor. Reproduction of the contents of theJournal
OMSA OFFICERS AND MANAGERS
PRESIDENT: Fred L Borch
Phone: (434) 760-1901
VICE PRESIDENT: Harry H. Bendorf
DIRECTORS:
William K. Emerson
Adam G. RohloffNathan S. Weiss
SECRETARY
PO Box 540, Claymont, DE [email protected]
TREASURER:
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JOMSA EDITOR: Richard A. FloryPO Box 120, Chico, CA 95927-0120
Phone: (530) 894-5008Fax: (866) 483-0026
BOOK SALES, NON-RECEIPT OF
CURRENT-YEAR ISSUE AND BACK
ISSUES:
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WEBSITE EDITOR
OMSA WEB SITE:
LIBRARY LIAISON:
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Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America
Founded in 1950 by S. G. Yasinitsky
Volume 62, Number 2
CONTENTS MARCH - APRIL 2011
FEATURE ARTICLE
Fred L. Borch: The Air Force Medal of Honor: A History of Its .............................. 4
SELECTED ARTICLES
Lukasz Gaszewskiof Poland ........................................................................................... 23
Graham Wilson: Fourragre ........................................................................................ 32
Edward J. Emering: : The Italian Red Cross Medal for Iraq .................. 39
DEPARTMENTS
.................................................................................. 2
Letters to the Editor .................................................................................. 2
Meet the Authors ....................................................................................... 3
......................................................................................... 22
........................................................ 41
Secretarys Report ................................................................................... 43
Collectors Marketplace .......................................................................... 44
On The Cover:
feature article by Fred L. Borch.
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P R E S I D E N T S
MESSAGE
medals on-line. Id ask all of
or control the content of the Forum. In fact, your Boardof Directors has intentionally refrained from any daily
from some members about rudeness and mean-spirited
principle of freedom of speech means that OMSA should
disrespect or profanity. If you are on the Forum, you can
You can reach me on any OMSA topic at fred.borch@
concerns. But, if you feel the need to telephone, then call
for your support.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Starting with this issue we are instituting a Letters to the Editor column. This column will be available to authorswho which to expand on, or correct, previous articles; OMSAmembers who wish to expand on or make corrections toportions of previous articles (authors will be given the optionto respond); or members who have ideas on how to improve
. The editor will decide which letters to publish and format.Authors of accepted letters will receive page proofs of theirletters by email prior to publication so please include youremail address with your letter.
Richard Meixsel
Star,JOMSA
February 1942 to MacArthur and his senior staff...
General MacArthur:
Ausejo and Major Pedro Merritt. Please transmit this
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MEET THE AUTHORS
PLAN NOW TO
ATTEND OMSA
2011 IN
JACKSONVILLE
Fred Borch has been an OMSA member for more than
bookFor Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple Heart
Ed Emering
has contributed more than 50 articles toJOMSA and has
Lukasz Gaszewski
30 years. He is particularly interested in European medalsand medals of the United States National Guard. He is aco-author ofBurkes Peerage and Gentry World Ordersof Knighthood and MeritJOMSA
Graham Wilson spent 26 years in the Australian
the Department of Defense, and their Bichoodle pup
WOULD YOU LIKE
TO SEE YOUR
BIOGRAPHY
HERE?
SUBMIT AN
ARTICLE TO THE
JOMSA EDITOR.
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Historical background
While the Air Force separated from the Army and became
Army decorations and medals. For example, all airmen
letter, Horne stated that the Air Force Chief of Staff had
1 With this in mind, Horne
a.
symbolic of the dynamic role of the Air Forcein the national defense structure.
b. The shape of the medal must be unique and
c.
d.
For the next year and a half the Army Institute of Heraldry
the decoration familiar to airmen today.
as a September 14, 1961 letter from Colonel Horne
facing downfacing up, the Air
2 A copy of Hornes
THE AIR FORCE MEDAL OF HONOR:
A HISTORY OF ITS ORIGINS, DESIGN AND AWARD FROM
1965 TO THE PRESENT
FRED L. BORCH
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unique for thisin contradistinction to the Silver Star,the Bronze Star Medal3
Figure 1: Hornes September 14, 1961 letter.
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ribbon.4
additions of neckline and shoulders, looks too much like
equally appropriate as an alternate choice.5
Figure 2: Pankeys January 15, 1962 letter.
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the face of the Goddessfrom our Statue of Liberty used as
6
principal theme.7
8 Army artists also had acquiesced
similar to that used on the Army Medal of Honor, except
9
VALOR. It seems that
of Fine Arts.
Heraldry. In that letter, Finley stated that the proposed Air
the sculptural quality of the medal.10 A copy of Finleys
11
Force Medal of Honor.
done in October 1963 by the Medallic Art Company
Additionally, in April 1964, the Air Force directed
capture the sharp clear lines and youthful spirit of Liberty.
chubby matron and reduced the aesthetic potential inherent12
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Air Force Base until March 1966.
Air Force to have its own design
Figure 3: Finleys September 25, 1962 letter.
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Description and Symbolism
Obverse (1965-present)
the number of states in the Union at the outbreak of the
VALOR.
Figure 5: Air Force Medal of Honor obverse, credit: United
States Army Institute of Heraldry.
Figure 6: Air Force Medal of Honor reverse, credit: Melvin
Mueller.
Figure 4: Preproduction model of Air Force Medal of Honor,
circa 1965, credit: United States Army Institute of Heraldry.
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Reverse (1965-present)
manufactured medal.
Ribbon (1965-present)
The VALORblue, moir silk pad, folded at the corners. There are 13stars (each 7/64th inches in diameter) on the pad. These
and 3/16th inches. Three snaps are used to fasten it aroundthe recipients neck.
Force MoH has embroidered stars.
Air Force Medal of Honor Award Process
Criteria
Figure 7: February 14, 1964 memorandum.
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party.13
Nomination Process: Procedure
While any person may nominate an airman for the Medal
e.g.
initially recommends an airman for the Medal of Honor,
Defense Department requires that the Medal of Honor
folder, suitable for presentation by the President ofthe United States.
Additionally, each Medal of Honor recommendation
Recommendation from the Combatant Commanderconcerned (for example, the Commander, UnitedStates Central Command or Commander, United
Recommendation from the Chief of Staff of the Recommendation from the Secretary of the Air
Force
of StaffAfter these recommendations are part of a Medal of Honor
14
Nomination Process: Time Limits
Under Title 10, United States Code, Section 8744, anyrecommendation for the Air Force Medal of Honor mustbe submitted within two years of the act and the Medalwithin three years
Secretary of the Air Force determines that an airman, in
Second, under Title 10, United States Code, Section
based. Section 1130 requires that the Secretary determine
him to submit to both the House and Senate Committees
Secretary informs both the House and Senate committeesthat the proposed Medal of Honor is meritorious, the next
the Medal of Honor to the nominated airman concerned.
After that statute is passed, the Medal of Honor may be
the Air Force Medal of Honor. In October 2000, Airman
of the Air Force Whit Peters on December 8, 2000.
to an Air Force Medal of Honor and, on September 10,
President Barack Obama in a White House ceremony.
Intangible factors
of Honor.
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likely to experience the close combatordinarily required
situation required for a Medal of Honor.
can and does make a difference. On March 11, 1968,
part of a top-secret radar station. His extraordinary heroism
that day in Laos was recognized at the timethe Medal of Honor. His chain of command recommended
the mechanism of Section 1130, started the process.
the difference.15
Force Medal of Honor, in the sense that the success of a
of Honor nomination packet. Additionally, as the packet
First recipient: Major Bernard F. Fisher, March 10,
1966.
Air Force
be captured before a rescue helicopter could reach him.
Fisher stopped his A-1E, and Myers climbed aboard.
16
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taken after Fishers rescue of Myers from the A Shau
Vietnam in 1966.
Other recipients:
Captain Steven L. Bennett, June 29, 1972
the coast and the enemy.
missile rose up from behind and struck the planes left
explosion.
eject, Bennett elected to ditch in the Gulf of Tonkin. He
17
Colonel George E. Day, August 26, 1967
With an Air Force Medal of Honor, Air Force Cross, Air
R. Ford on March 4, 1976.
Figure 8: Maj. Bernard F. Fisher (left) and D.W. Jump Myers, Vietnam, March 10, 1966. The photo was taken after
Fishers rescue of Myers from the A Shau Valley; Fishers A-1E
Skyraider is in the background, credit: United States Air Force.
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Figure 9: Colonel George E. Bud Day is the most highly
decorated living American, credit: United States Air Force.
by North Vietnamese militia, taken to a prison camp,
Due to delirium, he lost his sense of direction and
18
himself. Yet, despite his many injuries, he continued to
the enemy.
Major Merlyn H. Dethlefsen, March 10, 1967
Captain Dethlefsen nonetheless made repeated strikes
after they became obscured by the smoke and dust of
bombers.
Figure 10: Major Dethlefsen receives the Medal of Honor from
President Lyndon B. Johnson, credit: United States Air Force.
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19
Chief Master Sergeant Richard Etchberger, March
11, 1968
recent Air Force Medal of Honor recipient. His Air Force
facility needed by the United States Air Force to direct
any military personnel in Laos. In fact, concerned about
Determined to eliminate the threat posed by the secret
an M-16.
helped another to reach safety.
been pulled inside. He bled to death before he could reach
medical care in Thailand.
20
1st Lieutenant James P. Fleming, November 26, 1968
Special Forces reconnaissance team. The Green Berets
extra personnel, returned to its base. A second helicopter,
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to make another rescue attempt before completely
and clambered aboard as bullets pierced the air, some
fuel tanks nearly empty. For his role in this miraculous
at the White House from President Richard M. Nixon onMay 14, 1970.21
Colonel Joe M. Jackson, March 12, 1968
Team at Kham Duc, South Vietnam.
On that day, an Army Special Forces camp located at
on all sides by mountainous terrain.
After he stopped, a rocket fell in front of the transport. A
22
Air Force Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony
Figure 11: Colonel (ret.) Joe Jackson (right), credit: United
States Air Force.
Colonel William A. Jones III, September 1, 1968
North Vietnam.
positions. On one pass, he felt an explosion beneath
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that day.
States before the Air Force Medal of Honor could be
decoration from President Richard M. Nixon at the White23
Airman 1st Class John L. Levitow, February 24, 1969
24
Figure 12 : Airman 1st Class Levitow, credit: United StatesAir Force.
Airman 1st Class William H. Pitsenbarger, April 11,
1966
In October 2000, the posthumous Air Force Cross that
25
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1965 and soon had completed 250 missions, i
and the Republic of Vietnams Medal of Military Merit
On April 11, 1966, an infantry company of 134 soldiers
helicopters to return.
Figure 13: Pitsenbarger, credit: United States Air Force.
Figure 14: Pitsenbarger in para-rescue gear, credit: United
States Air Force.
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the fallen.26
Captain Lance P. Sijan, November 9, 1967
Lance Peter Sijan is the first Air Force Academy
Vietnamese on Christmas Day 1967. Despite his crippled
intermittent periods of consciousness until his death,
in 1974. On March 4, 1976, President Gerald R. Fordpresented the Air Force Medal of Honor to his parents.27
Lieutenant Colonel Leo K. Thorsness, April 19, 1967
the area. Thorsness promptly attacked the enemy plane,
and then spotted four MiG-17s as he neared the bailout
bail out unless their aircraft could be quickly refueled.
from President Nixon in a White House ceremony onOctober 15, 1973.28
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Figure 15: Then Major Thorsness (left) at Takhli, early 1967,
credit: United States Air Force.
mother.
Captain Hilliard A. Wilbanks, February 24, 1967
Air Force Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism
Figure 16: Then Colonel Thorsness receives the Medal of Honor from President Nixon, credit: United
States Air Force.
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29
Captain Gerald O. Young, November 8-9, 1967
heat. When enemy troops approached the crash scene, he
1968.30
Conclusion
of the Air Force Medal of Honor.
Endnotes
4. Ibid.5. Ibid
6. Letter (2d Indorsement), from Colonel Russell G. Pankey, Chief,
7. Ibid.
Medal of Honor, May 4, 1962.9. Ibid.
Heraldry, September 25, 1962.
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3, 1964.
Instruction 36-2803,Air Force Awards and Decorations Program ,
14. Department of Defense Manual 1348.33-V1, Manual of MilitaryDecorations and Awards: General Information, Medal of Honor,and Defense/Joint Decorations and Awards15-16.
Vietnam,February 2011: 58-59.
Beyond the Call of Duty: The Storyof an American Hero, 2004.
Camplin Museum Press, 1991). See also, Robert Coram,American
Patriot: The Life and Wars of Colonel Bud Day
The
Air Force Cross: A History of Extraordinary Heroism, 2004: 84-85
asp?dec=&pid=123006524 (Lance Sijan)
asp?dec=&pid=123006530 (Hilliard A. Wilbanks)
BOOK REVIEWS
For Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple HeartbyFred Borch.
$34.95.
For MilitaryMerit
years.
and families.
excellent companion piece to his Sea Service Medals
.
The Decorations and Awards of Audie L. Murphy
and Alvin C. York: The U.S. Militarys Most NotableInfantryman. 2nd edition, by Eric R. Caubarreaux.
145-384-7497. $26.95.
complete history for each man, details on promotions,
Continued on page 40
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for a Canadian Forces Decoration after the honorable
10 years is denoted by a clasp on the ribbon and a
forces.
Long Service Awards in Poland in the 18th and 19th
Century
only a year after his accession to
completed 18 years in the army. On
inscription STANISLAW / AUGUST / KROL
ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ 18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE /
CORPU- / SIE
Figure 1: King Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski
(1732-1898) in coronation attire with the collar
and sash of the Order of the White Eagle.
ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ
18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE / REGIMEN- / CIE. (for 18
circa
LONG-SERVICE AWARDS FOR THE ARMED FORCES IN POLAND
LUKASZ GASZEWSKI
Figure 2: Medal for 18-Years Served (1765) - obverse, reverse for infantry (corps),
reverse for cavalry (regiment), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.
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CORPUSIE
KORPUSIE.
is a rarity today. The partition of Poland in 1795 put anend to its existence. The subsequent era of the Duchy
from its 18th-century predecessor in both form and
(the ribbon of the OrderVirtuti Militari
the decoration for 35 years, 28 for 30 years, 42 for 25
ceased to be conferred after the outbreak of a national
red-black ribbon of the Russian Order ofSt. Vladimir in 1834. As the army of the
Figure 3: Decoration for Long Service of the Kingdom of Poland (1829) - for
XV, XX and XXV years (military), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.
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Figure 4: Unique decoration for 50 years awarded to
Colonel Seydlitz, courtesy of Colonel S. Oberleitner.
L
the Order ofVirtuti Militari
placed underneath.
Long Service Awards in an Independent Poland
Virtuti Militari,also restored in 1921 and 1919. The third of the former
honors continued to be established (Cross of Valor in1920, Order ofPolonia Restituta in 1921, Cross of Merit
(Ag
ZA
DLUGOLETNIA SLUZBE
X, XX orXXX
conferred no earlier than sometime in 1948, but by
as in the case of other orders and decorations, Polish
Virtuti Militari.
Figure 5: Obverse (a) and reverse (b) of the Long Serv
Medal in gold (2007) and silver and bronze (1938). Note t
differences in details of both types (different ribbons and eyes
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Figure 6: Gen. Wladyslaw Anders (above), former
commander of II Polish Corps with an impressive collection
of ribbons, during the 1969 celebrations of the 25th
anniversary of the capture of Monte Cassino, Italy. In the
lower photo ribbons of the Long Service Medals are can
be seen right under the Monte Cassino Cross. Note the
incorrect order of wearing: the medal for 10 years comes
before the medal for 20 years of service.
armed forces.
Long Service Awards after World War II
interests of the USSR.
Act on NationalHonors VirtutiMilitari,Polonia Restituta, Cross of Valor and Cross of
coup detatera of a fairly democratic country from the era of an
for the Country Medal (Medal Sily Zbrojne w SluzbieOjczyzny)
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as 1959.
inscribedSILY ZBROJNE W SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY
Figure 8: Left: Long Service Decoration of the Volunteer
Fire Brigades Association which may have been the
prototype of the Armed Forces Medal. Right: Rare gold medal
for XV years. (1951/59), courtesy Colonel S. Oberleitner.
V,XorXVcentral red shield is 9/16 (14.5 mm) in diameter, the
of Merit and Medals for Merit on the Field of Glory and
for all. By decision of the Minister of National Defense
Figure 7: Different types of the Armed Forces in Service for the Country
Medal (left to right): gold for XX years (1968), silver for XV years
(1960), silver for X years (1951/68), and bronze for V years (1951/68).
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Figure 9: Different types of ribbon bars: metal ribbon frame
with plastic or glass cover, borrowed from the Soviet Army
1954 (c, d) ribbon bars. Note the lack of gold or silver wire
denoting the class in (b) and the fact that the Armed Forces
in Service for the Country Medal ribbons are worn out of
the correct order of precedence.
9 and 10).
XVorXXV) only.
Figure 10: General Stanislaw Poplawski (1902-1973), circa
1955 (a) wearing a metal ribbon frame (b). The ribbons
of the silver and bronze Armed Forces in Service for the
row. Upper classes are marked with gold or silver foil.
set of medals is the most popular and most frequently
discretion of the Minister of National Defense. Due to
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Figure 11: Never conferred gold medal for
XXV years (1960).
then Minister of National Defense, General Wojciech
XXX
XX
their military career in the Peoples Army in 1943 or
XXX
Figure 12: Unique gold medal for XXX years,
conferred only once in 1974, courtesy Colonel
S. Oberleitner.
the Roman numeral V
shade of red.
Figure 13: Different details of the bronze medals for V years. (left to right): the
1951 type, the 1968 type (note a different angle between the arms of V),and
the 1995 type (no Roman numeral and more massive general appearance).
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Polish Long Service Awards Today
it as a ministry decoration for professional military and
12). Another difference in comparison to the older types
inscription:SILY ZBROJNE / W / SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY /RZECZPOSPOLITA / POLSKA
Figure 14: Unaccepted proposal of the Armed Forces in
Service for the Country Medal (2006).
military honors of the country, also reintroduced the
The medal itself looks almost identical to its pre-WorldWar II counterpart (there are some small differences in
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Figure 15: Long Service Medal hallmarks: (a) 1938 issue,
(b) 2007 issue, (c) Ag 0,950 on the rim of the silver medal(1938).
cipherMW (Mennica WarszawskaAg 0,950 mark
result from the fact that unlike the Armed Forces medal,
Technically, such a situation is possible. Both are
Minister of Defense). The number of years that must be
senior counterpart.
The form of the decoration and the number of years of
pieces of metal on a military uniform, in somebodyscollection or in a museum display.
Defense and particularly to Colonel Stefan Oberleitner
been possible.
Figure 16: Numerals on Long Service Medal ribbon bars: left two ribbons, 1938 (also used during
World War II), and right ribbon, current issue.
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A ceremonial item seen on both United States Army andUnited States Marine Corps uniforms is a braided colored
around the left shoulder.1
This item is the fourragreestablished for the French forces in World War I, and
2 Fourragrein the French forces as ceremonial items of dress, somenot directly related to decorations. The aim of this article,fourragre that are
Thefourragre itself consists of a braided double ropefourragre of the Order of theLiberation) in the colors of a particular medal ribbon,
World War I Croix de guerre 1914-1918
Thefourragreof the creation of the Croix de guerre (War Cross) in 1915.The Croix de guerre
could also be cited in military orders. On April 21, 1916,
i.e.of the Croix de guerre
in the color of the ribbon of the Croix de guerre, i.e. thefourragre.
the issue of Memorandum No. 2156D. This document
so many times that there needed to be a system betterfourragre in the colors of the
ribbon of the Croix de guerre. To address this issue,the memorandum decreed that for multiple citations,fourragreCroix de
ROPE OF COURAGE:
A BRIEF LOOK AT THE FRENCH FOURRAGRE
GRAHAM WILSON
Figure 1: The various combinations of World War Ifourragre based on the number of citations in Army level orders.
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guerre, the Mdaille militaire (Military Medal) or theLgion dhonneur
Units cited 2-3 times, fourragre in the colors of theCroix de guerre
Units cited 4-5 times, fourragre in the colors of theMdaille militaire
Units cited 6-8 times, fourragre in the color of theLgion dhonneur(red)
Units cited 9-11 times, doublefourragre in the colorsofLgion dhonneurand Croix de guerre
Units cited 12-14 times, doublefourragre in the colorsof theLgion dhonneurand Mdaille militaire
Units cited 15 or more times, doublefourragre in thecolor of theLgion dhonneur
fourragre permanently.
Persons posted into the unit subsequently could and canfourragre
One bit of confusion that needs to be cleared up at thisfourragre tofourragre
orders, i.e. a fourragre is Croix de guerre
does not mean that the unit has been physically presentedCroix de guerre. Apart fromfourragre
Mdaillemilitairefourragre.3
fourragre
Between and After the World Wars Croix deguerre TOE
Croix de guerre 1914-1918 to
action in the colonies, on April, 30 1921 the FrenchCroix de guerre desThtres dOprations Extrieurs or the Croix de guerreTOE(War Cross for External Theatres of Operations).
Croix de Guerre TOE is identicalto that of the Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 and the same
Croix de Guerre TOECroix deGuerre TOE
missions to the Baltic States, Upper Silesia, Poland,
Croix de guerre 1914-1918for the Croix de guerre TOE
fourragre of the Croix de guerre TOE
that the colors are those of the ribbon of the Croix deguerre TOE, i.e.
Croix de guerre TOECroix de guerre 1914-1918, Memorandum 2504M of 30December 1926 authorisedfourragre for the Croix deguerre TOE
Units cited 2-3 times, fourragre in the colors of theCroix de guerre TOE
Units cited 4-5 times, fourragre in the colors of theMedaille militaire
the Croix de guerre TOEUnits cited 6-8 times, fourragre in the color of theLgion dhonneurCroix de guerre TOE
Units cited 9-11 times, doublefourragre in the colorsofLgion dhonneurand Croix de guerre TOE
thefourragre of the Croix de guerre TOE, but also on theCroix de guerre 1939
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cord of afourragre. When thefourragre for the Croixde guerre TOEfourragre of the Croix deguerre 1914-1918 from one of the Croix de guerre TOE
Croix de guerre TOE
fourragre in the colorsof the Croix de guerre TOEand afourragre in the colorof theLgiondhonneurCroix de guerre TOEauthorised for a unit cited 6-8 times.fourragre
Figure 3: Basic fourragre in the colors of the Croix de
guerre TOE and the Lgion dhonneur.
fourragre
World War II Croix de guerre 1939
Croix de guerreCroix
de guerre 1939
France. In 1945, in Ministry of War MemorandumNo. 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec of April 20, 1945, the Frenchfourragre for World War II, Croixde guerre 1914-1918
fourragre
fourragre for World War IIfourragre of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-45, the Medaille militaire andtheLgiondhonneur
fourragre for World War
fourragre in
4
The appendix to Memorandum 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec
fourragrefourragre of the
Figure 2: Types of olives for the fourragre 1914-1918 and1939-1945.
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Mdaille militaireof thefourragre for both the Croix de guerre and theMdaille militaire in World War I and the Croix de guerre fourragre of theLegion dhonneurfourragre for the Croix de guerre andLegion dhonneurin World War War One andfourragrefor the Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire and Legion
dhonneurthe fourragre
Figure 4: Fourragre with various olives.
lOrdre de la Libration
The last and latestfourragreto be created and conferredis that of lOrdre de la Libration (the Order of the
in the nature of the deeds, apart from their exceptional
Liberation (Compagnon de la Libration) and Generalde Gaulle, the founder of the Order, has been the onlyGrand Matre (Grand Master) of the Order.
immediately after theLgion dhonneur, and perhaps the
lOrdre de la Libration,
namely:Army
Battailon de marche n213e Demi-brigade de Lgion trangre
Rgiment de marche du Tchad2e Rgiment dinfanterie coloniale1er Rgiment dartillerie coloniale1/3e Rgiment dartillerie coloniale1er Rgiment de marche de spahis marocains
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501e Rgiment de chars de combatAir Force
1re Escadrille de chasseRgiment de chasse Normandie-Niemen2e Rgiment de chasseurs parachutistes de lArmede lairGroupe de bombardement Lorraine
Groupe de chasse Ile-de-FranceGroupe de chasse AlsaceNavy
Sous-marin RubisCorvette Aconit1er Rgiment des fusiliers marins
Communities
GrenobleNantesParisVassieux-en-Vercorsle de Sein
By a decree of February 23, 1996, the Minister forDefense of the French Republic created a fourragreforlOrdre de la Libration
place in Franceparade at Mont Valrien, the President of the Republicpresented thefourragre oflOrdre de la Libration to
fourragre.
Visually, the fourragre of lOrdre de la Librationdiffers markedly from the otherfourragre discussed in
the Order. Thefourragre oflOrdre de la Libration is
Entitlement to Permanent Wear
fourragre to a unit is permanent to the unit,
fourragre
Figure 5: Fourragre oflOrdre de la Libration.
fourragreposted to the unit. The rules for the fourragre 1914-1918 fourragre
fourragre
fourragreto be a member of the unit. On transfer from the decoratedfourragre
in such cases thefourragre
fourragre for both the Croix de
guerreTOEand Croix de guerre 1939. afourragre for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918number85fourragre85e Rgiment dinfanterie. The rather
Aiguillettes
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Figure 6: Fourragrefor the Croix de guerre 1914-1918
.
fourragre forthe Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire,Legion dhonneurand Croix de guerre TOE
fourragre forthe Croix de guerre 1914-1918
Figure 8: Fourragre for the Croix de guerre 1914-
1918 with the insignia of the French Artillery.
Super Fourragre 3e REIandRICM
While a number of units of the French Armed Forces areentitled to more than onefourragre3e Rgiment trangre
dinfanterieand theRgiment dinfanterie-chars demarine (RICM or Marine Armoured
fourragre
the 3e REI, circa 1980. Both the 3e REIandRICMfourragrein the colors ofLgion dhonneurandthe Croix de guerre 1914-1918
fourragre of theLgiondhonneurto 11 citations in World War I and upper
fourragre in the colorsof the Mdaille militairein the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE,
REIFigure 7: Fourragre for the Croix de guerre, Mdaille militaire, Legion dhonneur
andCroix de guerre TOEwith aiguillettes in gilt and silver.
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Figure 9: The winter uniform jacket of a Corporal of the 3e
REI, circa 1980 with a triple fourragre.
inherited the honors of the World War I Rgiment demarche de la Lgion trangre orRLEMthe 3eREIpart, theRICMinherited the honors of formerRgimentdinfanterie coloniale du Maroc. At the time of Moroccan
lose the honors and traditions of theRICMand in order
and renamed itRgiment dinfanterie-chars de marine toenable the title RICM to continue on and to ensure that
French Army did not die out.
Conclusion
Fourragre
of units of the United States Army and United Statesfourragre
make sense of the subject.
ELa Marque du courage, all items illustrated are from theauthors collection.
Endnotes
fourragrefourrage,
Medaille militaire
French units:February 1918 : Bat tai lons Chasseurs pied.3e Rgiment de marche de zouaves ; 2e Rgimentde marche de tirailleurs ; Rgiment dinfanterie colonialedu Maroc1er Rgiment de marche de la Lgion trangre,December 1983: 3e Compagnie du 1er Rgiment de chasseurs
parachutistesle Centre dInstruction Naval (CIN) de Saint-Mandrier; lcole nationale desSous-officiers dActive de Saint-Maixent; lcole deGendarmerie de Chaumont; lcole de Formation des Sous-
3e Rgiment tranger
dinfanterie (3e REI), inheritor of the traditions of the 1er
fourragre of the Mdaille militairethe Mdaille militaire
4.Fourragre in the colors of the Croix de Guerre 1939 do exist (red
5. Besides the triplefourragre3eREItheLgion dhonneurthe Mdaille militairethe Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-1945the Croix de guerre TOE
the
the Spanish Mdaille des volontaires Catalansthe streamer of the United States Presidential Unit Citationthe Mdaille de vermeil du Centre national dtudes spatialesde Kourou
6. Besides the triplefourragreRICM,
theLgion dhonneurthe Mdaille militairethe Croix de guerre 1914-1918the Croix de guerre 1939-1945the Croix de guerre TOE
the the streamer of the United States Presidential Unit CitationBibliography
Koundakjian, Vicken (editor).Laws and Regulations Pertaining to theFrench Croix de Guerre(OMSA Monograph No.7). Glassboro,
Order of the Liberation (France), lOrdre de la Librationordredelaliberation.fr, 2001.
Service Historique de la Dfense. La Marque du courage. Paris :ditions LBM, 2005.
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Ministry of Health in Medical City. The elite medical
International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC), but
compound and the ICRC Headquarters. In addition to the
In addition, the Italian Red Cross offered humanitarian
In a deal purportedly brokered by Italian Red Cross
in a jeep and an ambulance so they could be treatedfor injuries sustained in combat. Three of the four had
but had been told about it.
Figure 1: Obverse of the Italian Red Cross
Medal for Iraq.
OPERAZIONE IRAQand2003 2006
contains a circular framed Greek cross surrounded by theCROCE ROSSA ITALIANA (ITALIAN
RED CROSS.
Figure 2: Reverse of the Italian Red Cross
Medal for Iraq.
ITALIANRED CROSS MEDAL FOR IRAQ
EDWARD J. EMERING
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Continued from page 22:
soldier. The book contains the complete citations for
medals are not. This means that details on Murphys
this book. Similarly, the citation for Yorks Croix deGuerre
an Army motion picture called The Broken Bridge), and
member.
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SECRETARYS REPORT
PURCHASE OMSA BADGES
AND MEDALS
FULL-SIZE OR MINIATURE
CONTACT:
CLYDE L. TINKLEPAUGH, JR,
OMSA SECRETARY
PO BOX 540
CLAYMONT, DE 19703-0540
December-January
Those listed as new members have applied for 2010-11 membership in the Orders and Medals Society of America. If no proper writtenobjection to such membership is received from any member in good standing within sixty (60) days of publication, the applicantshall be admitted to membership (Article III, Section 3 of the OMSA Constitution, and Article III, Section 2 of the OMSA By-Laws).The collecting interests of each new member as provided on the membership application follow each new members address.
NEW MEMBERS 2011
#8094 Harry M. Jones (Internet) 5442Mount Corcoran Pl, Burke, VA 22015#8095 Vincent Guerrin (Gift) 249 5th#8096 Monica Aschenbrenner (Internet)
#8097 Philip Foster (Internet)
#8098 Michael R. Hetzler (Internet) 70 Merion Circle, Pinehurst, NC 28374#8099 Kent Theurich (Internet)
#8100 David Rogers II (Internet) 516 Main St. Harmony, PA 16037
ADDRESS CHANGES & CORRECTIONS
Braun, F. Carl #7027, PO Box 520786, ANNDEX AMP727, Miami, FL 33152
Willemsen, Thomas LM37, 2200 Eastbay Dr., Apt #67, Daphne, AL 36526
End of Report Clyde L. Tinklepaugh, Jr. Secretary
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COLLECTORS MARKETPLACE
Please Note: Price Decrease. All Future Collectors Marketplace Ads Now $10.00.
OMSA members can place a classified advertisement for $10.00 pereach six-line unit or fraction thereof with a limit of twelve lines. Adsover twelve lines will be computed at display ad rates. Send advertisingcopy directly to the Advertising Manager no later than 45 days prior
to the first day of the month of the two-month date of the issue. Forexample, advertising for the May-June issue is due at the AdvertisingManager by the 15th of March. The Journal is mailed on the 15th dayof the first month of each bimonthly issue, i.e. on 15 January for theJanuary-February issue, etc. Please consider this mailing schedulewhen placing any time-sensitive advertising. Please forward ad copyand payment directly to: OMSA Ad Manager: Melvin D. Mueller,1350 Scorpious Court, Merritt Island, FL 32953-3131
NOTICE: OMSA policy states that it is unethical to reproduce orknowingly sell or trade reproductions, copies, or fakes of orders,decorations, or medals unless they are clearly identified as such.
Moreover, any person who purchases an order, decoration, or medalin response to an advertisement in the Journal may return it for a fullthe refund with 45 days from the date of purchace upon presentationto the advertiser of a reasonable claim that the item was not as statedin the advertisement.
Wanted For Personal Collection: Panama Canal Service Medal,
STATE MEDALS FOR WAR SERVICE REVISED
EDITION
by 47 states and territories.
New BookFOR MILITARY MERIT: Recipients Of
The Purple Heart.
22903
Semper Paratus: Honors the U.S. Coast Guard in
World War II
corrections. Spiral-bound, $25.00 postpaid. Dean S.
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Buying & Selling
Campaign and Gallantry Medals
British and Foreign Militaria.
N13-14 Antiquarius
Chelsea, LondonSW3 4PW
Tel/fax: +44 (0)207 352 0308email: [email protected]
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Available to OMSA Members
The Decorations and Medals of thePeacekeeping in the Balkans 1992-2005
Pictures of all nations medals
$46.00 (members $42.50)
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