Mapping Complexity Sources in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Domains
HFES 54th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA
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Farzan SasangoharFarzan Sasangohar11, Kristopher Thornburg, Kristopher Thornburg11, M. L. , M. L. CummingsCummings11, Amy D’Agostino, Amy D’Agostino22
11Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology22Nuclear Regulatory CommissionNuclear Regulatory Commission
September 28, 2010September 28, 2010
PROBLEM: THREE MILE ISLAND (TMI)
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Source: http://theragblog.blogspot.com
PROBLEM: ADVANCED CONTROL ROOMS
New power plants will contain advanced digital control rooms
• Increased automation• Increased dynamic information to display• Different type of info presentation
Diff t t f i t ti
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• Different type of interaction
Problem: Human cognitive abilities unchanged
Problem: Perceived Complexity
Source: http://www.mauell.co.uk/gallery/control-room/
Automation
System
Teach Monitor Intervene LearnPlan
BACKGROUND
• Objective View (e.g., Cilliers, 1998; Rescher, 1998).
• Subjective View (e.g., Le Moigne, 1990; Casti, 1995; Martinez, 2001)
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Perceived Complexity
Control Room
ObjectiveComplexity
Reactor
Sensors
Actuators
Control System
Control
Information
SUBJECTIVE VS. OBJECTIVE COMPLEXITY
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How should complexity be defined in the context of NPP control rooms? In other words, what factors contribute to the complexity of a control room?
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2How can the effects of complexity on human performance be
d b h b l d b l h l ll d
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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measured both objectively and subjectively, while still considering the difference between the two?
How can the negative effects of complexity in NPP control rooms be mitigated or changed through design, procedures and organizational practices?
METHOD: IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF COMPLEXITY
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METHOD: HUMAN EVENT REPOSITORY & ANALYSIS (HERA)collect information for assessing human performance
22 Incidents
Index of sub-events (chronological sequence of
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(chronological sequence of equipment, human, and off-plant sub-events)
Dependencies
Information about specific human sub-events
METHOD: EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH
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METHOD: COMPLEXITY SOURCE NETWORK (CSN)
# of individual components and their connections as a direct measure of complexity (Edmonds, 1995)
“Deconstructionism” and
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“Dualism” (Dekker, 2003)
HSC complexity chain (Cummings & Tsonis, 2006)
Ensemble of CSNs
TOOLS: CXVIZ
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TOOLS: CXVIZ
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TOOLS:CXVIZ
• Emergent Patterns• Network Comparison• Network Characteristics• Network Dynamics• Aggregate CSN
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TOOLS: CXSURVEY
o To gather subjective complexity data
o 3 groups (operators, reviewers and d i )
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designers)
o Portability
oInteractivity (drawing the interconnections)
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
• A methodology to: • Investigate complexity objectively and subjectively, and understanding the difference between two.• Investigate the difference in complexity views of stakeholders (operators, reviewers and designers)
• Develop tools to study complexity (CXBundle)
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•Develop design guidelines and prescriptions for acquisition of future designs
• Recommendations for complexity view alignment policies within stakeholder groups.
We’d like to thank Dr. Jing Xing for her thoughtful comments.We’d like to thank Dr. Jing Xing for her thoughtful comments.
This research is sponsored by:This research is sponsored by:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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For more information, please contact Farzan Sasangohar (For more information, please contact Farzan Sasangohar ([email protected]@mit.edu))
Or visit Humans and Automation Laboratory website: Or visit Humans and Automation Laboratory website: http://halab.mit.eduhttp://halab.mit.edu
CastiCasti, J. L. (1995). , J. L. (1995). ComplexificationComplexification. New York: HarperCollins.. New York: HarperCollins.
CilliersCilliers, P. (1998). Complexity and postmodernism: Understanding complex , P. (1998). Complexity and postmodernism: Understanding complex systems. systems. RoutledgeRoutledge, London and New York., London and New York.
CiuranaCiurana, E. R. (2004). , E. R. (2004). ComplexidadeComplexidade: : ElementosElementos parapara umauma definiçãodefinição,” in ,” in EnsaiosEnsaios de complex de complex dadedade 2, 2, Carvalho,E.dCarvalho,E.d. . AssisAssis; ; Mendonça,TMendonça,T. (org.), Porto . (org.), Porto AlegreAlegre: : SulinaSulina, 48, 48--63.63.
Cummings, M. L. & Cummings, M. L. & TsonisTsonis, C. (2006). Partitioning complexity in air traffic , C. (2006). Partitioning complexity in air traffic management tasks. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 16 (3), management tasks. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 16 (3),
REFERENCES
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LemoigneLemoigne, J. L. (1995). La , J. L. (1995). La modelisationmodelisation des systems complexes. The modeling des systems complexes. The modeling of complex systems. of complex systems. DunodDunod, Paris, Paris
Martinez, M. E. (2001). The process of knowing: A Martinez, M. E. (2001). The process of knowing: A biocognitivebiocognitive epistemology. epistemology. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 22(4), 407The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 22(4), 407--426.426.
RescherRescher, N. (1998). Complexity: A philosophical overview, New Brunswick: , N. (1998). Complexity: A philosophical overview, New Brunswick: Transaction publishers.Transaction publishers.
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