MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
GROUP MEMBERS TANUJAKUNIKA
PROJECT GUIDE PROF. S.S. MUJUMDAR
ACKNOWLEDMENT
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
We take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards
to my guide “PROF.S.S.Mujumdar” sir for his exemplary guidance, monitoring
and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The
blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long
way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark.
I am obliged to staff members of chemical engineering department for the
valuable information provided by them. I am grateful for their cooperation
during the period of my assignment.
We are sincerely thank mrs.neelam kevalramani for her support in completing
this project
Lastly, I thank library staff and other staff of chemical engineering for their
constant encouragement without which this assignment would not be
possible.
Index
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
SR NO
CONTENT PAGE NO
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 22 HISTORY 43 INTRODUCTION 84 PROPERTIES 105 CHEMICAL REACTION 116 REACTOR 127 FLOWHEET 138 BLOCK DIAGRAM 149 MASS BALANCE 1510 ENERGY BALANCE 2311 BIBILIOGRAPHY 32
History of ADMT
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
ADMT is used in the manufacture of polyester fibre yarn and film and also certain polyester resins. Of these, polyester fibre and yarn account for a major portion of ADMT used. ADMT production in the world commenced as early as 1949 in England, whereas in India the first ADMT plant was set up in 1973 by Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited (IPCL) at present there are three (3) major producers of ADMT in India with a total installed capacity of 1,35,000 TPY (Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited - 30,000, Refinery & Petrochemicals Limited - 45,000, Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing Company Limited-60,000).
The targeted production for 1985-86 was 55,000 TPY because two of the units i.e. BRPL and BDML commenced production during 1985 only. The two main raw materials required for ADMT manufacture are p-xylem and methanol. For p-xylem, IPCL and BRPL have production capacity of 46,000 TPY which is not adequate to meet the demand of the installed ADMT production capacity. Therefore, p-xylem is being imported to meet the short-fall.
The total methanol capacity on the other hand, shared between four (4) units is 81,000 TPY. Additional capacity of 5,31,000TPY is covered by licences and with the progress of their implementation the total installed capacity would be adequate to meet the projected demand for polyester during the VII Five Year Plan. In this process a mixture of p-xylem and recycled p-methyl tolerate is oxidized catalytically with air to produce p-telic acid and terephthalate.
These acids are with methanol into p-methyl tolerate and ADMT. Crude ADMT obtained is purified by crystallization and distillation.
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
The major items of equipment in a ADMT plant i.e. Oxidator, etherification columns, machine, centrifuge, special purpose pumps and spares have been imported.
The foreign exchange component of the total investment is reported as 44% for IPCL, BRPL and process licensors are Nobel AG Krupp-Kippers GmbH and Hercufina’s respectively. The agreements generally include know-how, basic engineering design as well as supply equipment, supervision of erection and start-up for a total payment. (EIL) and Tata Consulting Engineers (TCE).
EIL had rendered services towards detailed engineering for plant, procurement and construction services for off-site facilities for both IPCL and BRPL, TCE were associated in the supervision of dismantling of Hercufina's plant, design and engineering procurement, inspection and expediting, construction, supervision, project management, start-up and commissioning for BDML. Apart from these, a number of local equipment suppliers and contractors had rendered their services covering civil, mechanical, piping, electrical and instrumentation jobs for these projects.
In the international scene, the majority of ADMT plants in operation are based on Witten process. However, the production capacities are much higher, viz. 200 to 500 TPD. All the development work relating to ADMT is being carried out by IPCL, being the oldest unit in production. The research and development centre at IPCL has been active in examining steps on ADMT production. In terms of indigenisation of capital goods, IPCL has introduced technological
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
improvement in ADMT manufacture with the commissioning of horizontal oxidator for the first time in the world. Efforts are still being made to further improve this.
The national institution/laboratories have yet to make any significant contribution in effecting improvement in ADMT technology in the country. Due to the development of a production process for high purity fibre grade terephthalic acid its share in polyester fibre production has been increasing steadily and, at present, accounts for over 50% internationally.
In India, following the international trend, the production facility for purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is being created and more new units are competing for it. Any new capacity to be set up in India is likely to be for PTA rather than ADMT. There is however, scope for carrying out improvements in existing units and the following recommendations are made:
There is no need for any further import of technology for production of ADMT The in-house development work should be continued to improve the efficiency and quality with a view to reduce the cost of production. The existing manufacturers of ADMT may consider developing the process and facilities to make pure terephthalic acid from their ADMT plants so that they are able to meet the fluctuating demand of these two raw-materials. A co-ordinated effort by three units, in which the resources pooled and the costs shared would accelerate this development. Considering the importance of this development, financial assistance as required should be provided
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
and R & D programmes approved to accelerate the development. While the bulk of the equipment in the existing plants was imported at the time of their setting up, for future projects it should not be necessary. Import of equipment that can be produced in India, should not be allowed. Production facilities should be established for the manufacture of p-xylem to meet the demand for ADMT and PTA manufacture.
Introduction
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Chemical name – 2 amino dimethyl terephthalate
Molecular structure –
Dye intermediate as intermediates for a variety of aromatic compounds, refers to the production of dyes and organic pigments. They are since the coal chemical industry and petroleum chemical benzene, toluene, naphthalene and anthracite aromatic as raw material, through a series of organic synthesis unit process (see the reaction process) process.
With the development of chemical industry, the scope of application of dye intermediates has been extended to the pharmaceutical industry, pesticide industry, explosive industry, information recording materials industry, the production department and additives, surface active agent, spice, plastics, synthetic fibber etc.. A lot of dye intermediate species, the more important it has hundreds of.
The most important early dye intermediates, such as nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol, ophthalmic anhydride, chlorobenzene and two, because of wide usage, dosage, has developed into a basic important organic intermediates, the world annual production of over 1 million tons. Now the most important of the dye intermediates o-, p-, o-
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
nitrotoluene,P-nitrotoluene,2- naphthol1- , etc.. Starting from these intermediates, after a series of organic synthesis unit process, and can prepare intermediate complex structure.
ADMT is manufactured from NDMT which is basically used in the manufacturing of dyes .it also known as dyes intermediate Dye intermediate mainly benzene , naphthalene intermediates and intermediate of series four categories, in addition, there are some heterocyclic intermediates.
The production of intermediates used in reaction process mainly includes Nitrification, suffocated, , reduction, , hydrolysis, oxidation, condensation. Intermediate for the synthesis of a complex, often have to go through many unit processes, sometimes using the basic raw material and different synthetic routes. For , initially with benzene nitration, reduction and acetyl aniline, synthetic route, nitration, hydrolysis, the production process, high cost.
Now instead of Benzene Chlorination, nitration, from p-, synthetic route of high pressure ammonia solution. For intermediates in manufacturing dyes, pesticides or medicine, usually complicated structure, often and final products supporting the production, production of smaller, the use of batch production. Some intermediates widely used, such as nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol and chlorobenzene, such as production, usually, in a comprehensive large-scale chemical plant production, production of continuous operation.
Properties of ADMT
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Chemical name dimethyl amino terephthalate
Molecular formula C10 H11NO4
Molecular weight 209.2
Melting point 132 0c
Boiling point 327
Appearance beige to brown powder
Partition coefficient 87
Chemical property slightly yellow crystalline powder
Chemical reactions involved
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Reactor
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Block diagram
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Mass and energy balance
A mass balance ( also called material balance ) is an application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical system
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Raw material used in ADMT
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
NDMT
2 – nitro dimethyl terephthalate that is extensively known as pharmaceutical intermediate used in different pharmaceutical application
Structure
Formula = C10 H9 NO6
Molecular weight = 239.18
Melting point = 73oc
Density = 1.272
Water solubility = insoluble
Chemical property = white powder
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Monochlrobenzene
Structure
Formula = C6H5CL
Molecular weight = 112.56
Physical appearance = clear colourless liquid
Specific gravity = 1.099 at 27 oc
Solubility = insoluble in H2O , soluble in organic compounds
Application
It is used as a raw material in chemical industry
It is used in manufacturing of phenol, aniline, solvent for paint and heat transfer media
Manufacturing of ADMT
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Structure
Formula = H2SO4
Density = 1.84 g/cm3
Molecular weight = 98.079 g/mol
Boiling point = 337 o c
Melting point = 10 °C
Solubility in water = miscible
It is highly corrosive strong mineral acid
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Acetic acid
Structure
Formula = CH3COOH
Molecular weight = 60.05 g/mol
Density = 1.05 gm/cm3
Boiling point = 118 o c
Melting point = 16 o c
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical
compounds. The largest single use of acetic acid is in the production
of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and
ester production. The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is
comparatively small
1. It is an organic compound
2. It is colourless liquid when undiluted it is called glacial acetic
acid
3. Acetic acid is used in vinyl acetate monomer
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Iron powder
Atomic number = 26
Atomic weight = 55.845 G/mol
Density = 7.874 g/cm3
Melting point = 1538
Boiling point = 2862
Application
Iron powder is used in powder metallurgy of iron steel and in
combination with other metals they are used in great quantities in
the automotive industry as well as in ferromagnetism
Iron powder is used in soil remediation and water purification
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Material balance
Basis :
385 kg/day of AADMT produced
Since we know
500 kg of NADMT =========== 385 kg of AADMT
Then per day our production from reactor = 346 kg/day
500 = 385
? = 346
X = 449.3506 kg of NADMT will be required per day
In the reactor
Basis :
200 litres of mono chlorobenzene is added
Assume 1 litre = 1 kg
200 litres of MCB = 385 kg/day
9 (Y) = 346 kg/day
Then
Y = 179.74 litres of MCB will be required
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Basis
25 litre of acetic acid is added for 385 kg of AADMT
25 litre = 385 kg/day
(Z) = 346 kg/ day
Z = 22.46 litres of acetic acid is required
Basis :
25 kg of iron powder is required for 385 kg of AADMT
Then ,
25 kg = 385 kg
? (P) = 346 kg /day
P = 22.46 of iron powder will be required
Basis :
120 litres of H2O = 385
Q = 346
Q = 107.84 litres of H2O will be required per day
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Molecular weight
1) NADMT = C10H9NO6 = 239.192) MCB = C6H5CL3) Acetic acid = CH3COOH =60.054) H2O= 185) Iron powder = 55.845
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
1. NDMT Kmol = weight ----------------------- Molecular weight
449.35/239.19 = 239.19
2) MCB Kmol = 179.74/112.56 = 1.59 Kmol
3) ACETIC ACID = 22.46/60.05 = 0.37 kg/mol
4) IRON powder =22.46/55.84 = 0.044 kg/mol
5) H2O= 107.84/18= 5.991 kg/mol
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Energy balance
Q = M cp Δ T
= M x cp x (T2 – T1)
Here
T2 = 85 o c
T1 = 25 o c
M = mass of reactant
= 2670 kg
Cp = average Cp of reactant
= 0.8075 kcal/ kgoc
Q = 0.8075 x 2670 (85 – 25)
= 129361.5 kcal
Amount of heat removal while cooling
Q = M x Cp x Δ T
M = mass of products
= 2055.9 kg
Cp = average Cp of product
= 0.2818 kcal/ kgoc
Q = 2055.9 x 0.2818 x (85 – 25)
= 34761.1572 kcal
HEAT OF REACTION = HF (products ) – HF ( reactants )
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
NDMT
SubstanceNitro dimethyl terephthalate C10H9NO6
304.26
Acetic acid CH3COOH - 108.75
Iron Fe - 57.15
Mono chloro benzene C6H5CL 7.5
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 -222.1
ADMT C10H11NO4 -197.2
H2O - 68.315
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Heat of reaction
HR = 1 ( - 197.2) + 1 ( 304.26)
= - 504.46 kcal/mol
Reaction is exothermic
HR = HF (product) – HR (Reactants) + Cp + d T
Cp of product = 0.0590 Kcal/Gmol o C
= - 501.46 + 0.0590 x (85 – 25) = - 497.92 Kcal/mol
Feed rate of NADMT = 500/239.19
= 2.29 mole
Feed rate of acetic acid = 25/60.05
= 0.416 mole
Feed rate of water = 120/18
= 6.66 mole Feed rate of MCB = 200/112.56
= 17.76
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Feed rate of Iron = 25/55.845
= 0.44
Feed rate of sodium bicarbonate
= 65/89
=0.730
Total molar flow rate of reactant = 2.29 + 0.416 + 6.66 + 17.76 + 0.730 = 28.29 kmoles/batch
Heat flow = heat of reaction x molar flow rate of feed
= - 501.46 x 28.29
= - 14189.31216 kcal
Since the reaction is exothermic the reaction temperature is
maintained constant by circulating cold water through jacket
We have,
Heat evolved during reaction = heat gained by cold water
Q = M cp Δ T
Cp = 1 kcal/kgoc
Δ T = temperature gradient
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MANUFACTURE OF 2-AMINO DIMETHYL TERAPHTALATE
Inlet temp of cold water = 25 o c
Outlet temp of hot water = 40 o c
= -14189.31216 = m x 1 x ( 40 - 25 )
= -14189.31216 = m x 15
= -14189.31216/15 = m
= -945.95 kg/batch = m
Total water requirement is 945.95 kg/batch
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