Managing Public Sector Managing Public Sector ReformReform
Impacts of GMS Cooperation Impacts of GMS Cooperation and Integration on Public and Integration on Public
Sector ReformSector Reform
OverviewOverview
GMS Cooperation and IntegrationGMS Cooperation and Integration GMS as center of future economyGMS as center of future economy
Thailand
Land area: 513 thou sq km
Population: 65.8 M
GDP per capita: US$3,133
Cambodia
Land area: 181 thou sq km
Population: 14.1 M
GDP per capita: US$510
Myanmar
Land area: 677 thou sq km
Population: 54.8 M
GDP per capita: US$255 (2005)
People’s Republic of China
Land area: 633 thou sq km
Population: 97.3 M
GDP per capita: US$1,135
(figures for Yunnan and Guangxi only)
Viet Nam
Land area: 332 thou sq km
Population: 84.1 M
GDP per capita: US$724
Lao PDR
Land area: 237 thou sq km
Population: 5.7 M
GDP per capita: US$601The GMS in 2006
Land area: 2.6 M sq km
Population: 323 M
GDP per capita: US$1,453*
* excludes Myanmar
The Greater Mekong Subregion The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)(GMS)
Map Displaying GMS Corridors NetworkMap Displaying GMS Corridors Network
Road Road Transport Transport NetworkNetwork
19921992
Road Road Transport Transport NetworkNetwork
20062006
Road Road Transport Transport NetworkNetwork
20152015
R3 a 228 km
R3 b 253 km
R 9 EWEC 246
3rd Bridge Nakhon Panom – Takek
4th Bridge – Chiang Kong - Hoisai
1992
2004
2012
Power Transmission Line
Telecommunications Backbone
• GMS GMS PowePower Gridr Grid
• Info. Info. Super Super HighwaHighway y NetworkNetwork
Energy & PowerEnergy & Power Establish Energy Power MarketEstablish Energy Power Market - Power Grid- Power Grid - Power Trade Operating - Power Trade Operating AgreementAgreement Cross Border Cooperation on Cross Border Cooperation on
Alternative Energy i.e. Biofuels Alternative Energy i.e. Biofuels Hydropower & OthersHydropower & Others
Support Energy for the Poor Support Energy for the Poor i.e. Rural Electrification, i.e. Rural Electrification, Border Power Trade Border Power Trade
Myanmar Hydro Potential
Thanlwin : 16,000 MW
MyanmarNatural Gas Potential
Yadana & Yetagun: 7.98 tcf
MalaysiaMalaysiaPower ExchangePower ExchangeExisting 300 MWExisting 300 MWFuture 300 MWFuture 300 MW
Oil & Gas in JDAOil & Gas in JDA5 tcf (Thai Share)5 tcf (Thai Share)
Lao PDRHydro Potential
Mekong Tributaries : 5,000 MW
Thailand’s Energy Infrastructure: Cooperation with Neighboring
Countries
Cross-Border Transport Facilitation in the GMS
Export/Transit Cargo
Export/Transit Cargo
As required
As required
“No-Man’s Zone”
C-L,C-V Q-L,Q-V
CCA
Physical Inspection
C-L,C-V Q-L,Q-V
CCA
Physical Inspection
Lao PDR Viet Nam
C-L+V Q-L+V I-L+V
I-V+L Q-V+L
C-V+L
C-Customs
I-Immigration
Q-Quarantine
L-Lao PDR
V-Viet Nam
CoverageCoverage
• Exchange of Exchange of Traffic RightsTraffic Rights
• Facilitation of Facilitation of Frontier-Frontier-Crossing Crossing FormalitiesFormalities
ComponentsComponents
• Framework Framework AgreementAgreement
• Annexes and Annexes and Protocols (A&P)Protocols (A&P)
• MOUs for Pilot MOUs for Pilot ImplementatioImplementationn
Strategic Framework for Action on Trade Strategic Framework for Action on Trade Facilitation and Investment (SFA-TFI)Facilitation and Investment (SFA-TFI)
Action plan to support Action plan to support trade facilitation, trade facilitation, addressing bottlenecks addressing bottlenecks along the supply chain along the supply chain on a regional level: on a regional level:
• Trade logistics Trade logistics • CustomsCustoms• Inspection, Inspection,
quarantine, and SPSquarantine, and SPS• Business mobilityBusiness mobility
• Ruili – Muse
• Mohan – Boten
• Veune Kham – Dong Kralor
• Hat Lek – Cham Yeam
• Mukdahan – Savannakhet
• Lao-Bao – Dansavanh
• Aranyaprathet – Poipet
• Bavet – Moc Bai
• Hekou – Lao Cai
• Myawaddy – Mae Sot
• Mae Sai – Tachilek
• Houayxay – Chiang Khong
• Nam Phao – Cau Treo
• Chongmek – Wang Tao
• Nongkhai – Thanaleng
Geographic Geographic Coverage of Coverage of
CBTACBTA
FIRST PHASE (commencing in 2005/06)
SECOND PHASE (commencing in 2007)
THIRD PHASE (commencing in 2008/2009)
POTENTIAL NEW BORDER CROSSING
POINTS
YOUYIGUAN (PRC) - HUU NGHI (VIE)
THAKHEK (LAO) – HA TINH (VIE)
LORK (CAM) – XA XIA (VIE)
BY 2009
FULL IMPLEMENTATION
Promoting the Promoting the GMS as a GMS as a Single Tourist Single Tourist DestinationDestination
2005: GMS Tourism 2005: GMS Tourism Sector Strategy Sector Strategy (2006-2015) – (2006-2015) –
1.1. Mekong River Mekong River CorridorCorridor
2.2. Golden TriangleGolden Triangle3.3. East-West CorridorEast-West Corridor4.4. Emerald TriangleEmerald Triangle5.5. Southern CoastalSouthern Coastal6.6. Green ClusterGreen Cluster7.7. Houphanh-Than-Hoa Houphanh-Than-Hoa
Oun La Tourism Oun La Tourism CircuitCircuit
8.8. Andaman Coast and Andaman Coast and IslandsIslands
10. Red River Valley10. Red River Valley11. Guangxi-North 11. Guangxi-North
Vietnam IslandsVietnam Islands
Yuxi
Vung Tau
Dung Quat
Quy Nhon
Nha Trang
Thap Cham
Phan Thiet
Vinh
Tanap
Dong Ha
Than Hoa
Nam Doth
Haiphong
Bei Hai
Da Nang
Hue
Cau Treo
Ngoc Hoi
Duc Co
Nam Can
Tay Trang
Pathein
Pyay
Kyeeni
Mandalay
Yatsouk
Loilem
Kengtung
Jinghong
Tachilek
Mae SaiChiang Kong
Nateuli
Mohan
Denchai
PhitsanulokMawlamyine
Nakhon Sawan
Bannet Narong
Tavoy
Nam Tok SuphanburiAyuttaya
Kanchanaburi
Petchaburi
Hua Hin
Prachuap Khiri Khan
Sattahip
Chunburi
Nakhon Ratchasima
Bua Yai
Khon Kaen
Nong Khai
ChongmekSurin
Trat
Koh Kong
Sihannoukville
Surat Thani
Svay Rieng
Kampong Cham
Stung Treng
Attapeau
Pak Mong
Vang Vieng
Xieng Khouang
Hoa Binh
Gejiu
Hekou
Nuihong
Kep
Lang Son
Myitkyina
Muse
Lashio
MangshiXiangyun
Chuxiong
Bigu
Baoxiu
Mohei
Budalin
ShanglinNapo
Bose
Tianlin
Xilin Hechi
Liuzhou
Guilin
Longsheng
Ziyuan
Zhongshan
Wuzhou
Laibin
Yulin
Dahua Yaozu
Guiyang
Dongxing
Pingxiang
Longzou
Daxing
Bagan
Ruili
Lijiang
Baoshan
Zhongdian
Siem Reap
Phuket
Udon Thani
Chiang Mai
Ben Nape
Ban Dong
Cham Toal
Ban Panghok
KilometersScale 1 : 13,000,000
0 300150
GIS Mapping by :
Asia PacificProjects Inc.
10°
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
30°
25°
20°
15°
95° 100° 105° 110°
95° 100° 105° 110°
Gulf of Thailand
Andaman Sea
Gulf of Tonkin
HANOI
VIENTIANE
BANGKOK
YANGON
PHNOM PENHHo Chi Minh
Nanning
Kunming
Poipet
MYANMAR
Yunnan Province PRCGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region PRC
Hat Yai
Dali
Tengchong
Menghai
Lao Cai
LAO PDR
CAMBODIA
Dao Phu Quoc
Mae Sot
Chiang Rai
BotenLuang Namtha
Louang Phrabang
Pak Tho
Songkhla
Ko Samui
Aranyaprathet
PhanomSarakham
Ha Tien
Kampot
Pakse
Mukdahan
Nakhon Phanom Thakhek
Na Duoung
Cai Lan
THAILAND
VIET NAM
Do Dau
Legend :
The Greater MekongSubregion
Priority Tourism Zones
Shoreline
Railway
Proposed Subregional Road
Major River Network
National Capital
City / Town
Nature/Adventure-based Tourism
Culture/Nature-based Tourism
Marine/River-based Tourism
Map 11
1. The Mekong River Corridor
11. Guangxi-Northeast Vietnam Karst Borderlands10. The Red River Valley9. Shangri-la/Tengchong/Myitkyina Cluster8. Andaman Coast and Islands7. Houaphanh-Thanh Hoa-Son La Tourism Circuit6. The Green Triangle5. The Southern Coastal Corridor4. Emerald Triangle3. East West Corridor2. The Golden Quadrangle
North-South Economic Corridor
East-West Economic Corridor
Southern Economic Corridor
999999999
222222222
111111111111111111101010101010101010
777777777
111111111
333333333
444444444 666666666
333333333
888888888555555555
111111111
111111111
UbonRatchathani
Ayuthaya
SukhothaiSavannakhet
Ban Lao
Pakkading
Lao Bao
Na Meo
Simao
Ban Xayden
Huay Xai
Nong Haet
Source: GMS Tourism Sector Strategy (2006-2015)Source: GMS Tourism Sector Strategy (2006-2015)
22
Will new economic centers appear Will new economic centers appear within GMS over the next 20 years? If within GMS over the next 20 years? If so, where will it likely be located and so, where will it likely be located and why? why?
ASEAN Community(APSC, AEC, ASCC)ASEAN Community(APSC, AEC, ASCC)
Global Trends of Regional Global Trends of Regional IntegrationIntegration
IMT- GTIMT- GT
GMSGMS ACMECSACMECS
GMSGMS ACMECSACMECS
BIMSTECBIMSTEC
NAFTA
APEC
EUEUASEM
WTOWTOWTOWTO
KoreaKoreaJapanJapanPRCPRC
ACDACD
FTAs FTAs e.g. Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, Bahrain, Peru, India, USA, BIMSTEC etc…
IndiaIndia
JDS – Stability & Security
IMT-GT – Avian Influenza Energy,
Natural Disaster and Earthquake Security
Strengthening Capacity by Promoting Subregional Cooperation
ACMECS -- Sister Cities Contract
Farming Narrowing Economic Gap
GMS -- Connectivity
Competitiveness Community
BIMSTEC
-- New Emerging Economies
Poverty Eradication
Anti-Terrorism
Strategic Location of Thailand in Southeast Strategic Location of Thailand in Southeast
AsiaAsia
CambodiaCambodia
BangladeshBangladesh
ThailandThailand VietnamVietnam
LaosLaosMyanmarMyanmar
ChinaChina
IndiaIndia
MalaysiaMalaysia
IndonesiaIndonesia
SingaporeSingaporeBruneiBrunei
Sri LankaSri Lanka
PhilippinesPhilippines
JapanJapanAfganistanAfganistan
PakistanPakistan
KoreaKorea
Bay of Bengal
South China Sea
Gulf of Thailand
Middle EastEuropeAfrica
USA
Southeast Asia’s Pop. = Southeast Asia’s Pop. = 555 555 mill. mill. in 2006 -> 700 mill. expected in 2030in 2006 -> 700 mill. expected in 2030
GNI accounts for GNI accounts for 785 785 bill.bill. USD USD 22 2200006 -> could attain 6 -> could attain 22 ,, 465 465 bill.bill. USD USD 2030 2030
Southeast Asia’s Pop. = Southeast Asia’s Pop. = 555 555 mill. mill. in 2006 -> 700 mill. expected in 2030in 2006 -> 700 mill. expected in 2030
GNI accounts for GNI accounts for 785 785 bill.bill. USD USD 2in 2in00006 -> could attain 6 -> could attain 22 ,, 465 465 bill.bill. USD USD 2030 2030
Market Potentials:Market Potentials: 312 millions of pop. in GMS 312 millions of pop. in GMS 67.5 millions of pop. in IMT-GT67.5 millions of pop. in IMT-GT 2,400 millions in PR China + India2,400 millions in PR China + India
Market Potentials:Market Potentials: 312 millions of pop. in GMS 312 millions of pop. in GMS 67.5 millions of pop. in IMT-GT67.5 millions of pop. in IMT-GT 2,400 millions in PR China + India2,400 millions in PR China + India
Building Economic Partnership within the RegionBuilding Economic Partnership within the Region
Thailand’s Regional Development Thailand’s Regional Development OutlookOutlook
Strategic Location Strategic Location
Trade & Investment Openness
Trade & Investment Openness
Competitive EconomyCompetitive Economy
Enhanced Connectivity & Efficient Logistics
Enhanced Connectivity & Efficient Logistics
What will be the impact of tighter What will be the impact of tighter infrastructure and economic infrastructure and economic integration between the regions integration between the regions (e.g., GDP growth in the country/ (e.g., GDP growth in the country/ region, level of trade activities, region, level of trade activities, migration) vs. standalone case? migration) vs. standalone case?
Aggregate Annual Cross-Border Trade Export and Import Aggregate Annual Cross-Border Trade Export and Import Between Thailand and Four-Neighbouring Countries and Transit Between Thailand and Four-Neighbouring Countries and Transit
Trade To/From China During 1996-2008 (January-April)Trade To/From China During 1996-2008 (January-April)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Jan-April)
Mill
ion
Bah
t
Aggregate cross-border trade export values from Thailnd to four-neighbouring countries and transit trade to China
Aggregate cross-border import values from four-neighbouring countries and transit trade from China to Thailand
Aggregate cross-border trade values between Thailand and four-neighbouring countries and transit trade with China
ImpactsImpacts
Close the development gap between Close the development gap between GMS countriesGMS countries
Regular Migration, open borderRegular Migration, open border InterdependenceInterdependence Over exploitation of NROver exploitation of NR
Words of AdviceWords of Advice
You cannot solve today You cannot solve today problem with yesterday problem with yesterday solutionsolution
Do not cut Do not cut Don’t cut people feet to Don’t cut people feet to meet your shoes, meet your shoes,
Train and show them to Train and show them to make the shoes that fit make the shoes that fit themthem
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