Management Fundamentals:Scrum 101

Manager’s

Guide

Project Management ConsultingYossi BarezerAug 2016

Reality Check!

Introduction• This presentation describes the basic elements of

the Scrum Framework• My goal is to provide an organized view that will

help a novice understand and implement the Scrum foundation quickly

• For enhanced details, you should read the Guide, receive official training and consult a coach

• How would I describe Scrum?– The Scrum methodology provides a way to

continuously, consistently, and constantly improve product value using reality checks

AGENDA Certifications Definition of Scrum Scrum Theory

The Scrum Framework The 3 Pillars/Principles

The Scrum Team The Scrum Team and Event

Scrum Artifacts Product Backlog Sprint Planning and Backlog The Scrum Process - Increment

Scrum Event/Ceremony Events Goals and Deliverables The Sprint Framework Time Box Sprint Planning Daily Scrum Scrum Board Burn-Down Chart Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective Definition of “Done”

Scrum Summary

Scrum.org Certification• PSM I, II - Professional Scrum Master Level I&II (CSM Equivalent)• PSPO I, II - Professional Scrum Product Owner Level

I&II (CSPO Equivalent)• PSD I - Professional Scrum Developer Level I (CSD

Equivalent)• SPS - Scaled Professional Scrum (Scrum of Scrum)• PSP - Professional Scrum Practitioner• PSF - Professional Scrum Foundations• PSE - Professional Scrum Expert• PST - Professional Scrum Trainer

Definition of Scrum• “Scrum (n): A framework within which people can address complex adaptive

problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value. “

• “Scrum is a process framework that has been used to manage complex product development.”

• “The rules of Scrum bind together the events, roles, and artifacts”

• Scrum-Guides

• Scrum-Glossary

• PSD-Glossary

Scrum Theory “Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism”• The 3 Pillars/Principles

– Three pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control:• Transparency• Inspection• Adaptation

• The Scrum Team /Roles– The Scrum Team consists of a:

• Product Owner• The Development Team• Scrum Master

– Scrum Teams are self-organizing and cross-functional• Scrum Artifacts

– Scrum artifacts represent the work or value to provide transparency and opportunities for inspection and adaptation• Product Backlog • Sprint Backlog• Increment

• Scrum Events– Scrum prescribes five formal events for inspection and adaptation, as described in the Scrum Events section of

this document: • The Sprint• Sprint Planning• Daily Scrum• Sprint Review• Sprint Retrospective

The Principles/Pillars

The Scrum FrameworkRoles/Team• Product Owner• Scrum Master• Developer

Artifact• Product Backlog• Sprint Backlog• Sprint Increment• Burn-Down/Up Chart

Events/Ceremonies• The Sprint• Sprint Planning Meeting• Daily Meeting• The Sprint Review• Sprint Retrospective• Product Refining

•Transparency • Inspection • Adaptation

DONE

Transparency

Inspection

Adaptation Transparency

Inspection

Adaptation Transparency

Inspection

Adaptation Transparency

Inspection

Adaptation

The 3 Pillars/Principles

The 3 Pillars/Principles• Transparency – “Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those

responsible for the outcome”

• Inspection– “Scrum users must frequently inspect Scrum artifacts and

progress toward a Sprint Goal to detect undesirable variances”

• Adaptation– “If an inspector determines that one or more aspects of a

process deviate outside acceptable limits, and that the resulting product will be unacceptable, the process or the material being processed must be adjusted”

The 3 Pillars/PrinciplesTransparency Inspected Adapted Artifact

The Sprint Product Backlog Product Backlog Yes

Sprint Planning Product Backlog Sprint Backlog Yes

Daily Meeting Sprint Review Sprint Backlog Yes

Sprint Review Sprint Increment Product Backlog Yes

Sprint Retrospective The Team & Process

The Team & Process No

Product Refining Product Backlog Product Backlog & Sprint Backlog Yes

1 Sprint Backlog Sub-task Sprint Backlog Sprint Backlog Yes

The Scrum Team

The Scrum Team

Scrum Master

The Scrum Team• The Product Owner

– “The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team”

– “The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. Product Backlog management includes”

• The Development Team– “The Development Team consists of professionals who do the work of

delivering a potentially releasable Increment of “Done” product at the end of each Sprint”

– “Only members of the Development Team create the Increment”

• The Scrum Master– “The Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring Scrum is understood and

enacted”– “Scrum Masters do this by ensuring that the Scrum Team adheres to Scrum

theory, practices, and rules”

The Scrum Team and EventsEvent Event

OwnerProduct Owner

Scrum Master Developer Other

Sprint Planning Part I

Product Owner Y Y Y N

Sprint Planning Part II Dev Optional Y Y N

Daily Meeting Dev N Optional Y N

Sprint Review Product Owner Y Y Y Y

Sprint Retrospective

Scrum Master Y Y Y N

Product Refining Product Owner Y Y Y N

1 Sprint Backlog Sub-task Dev N Optional Y N

Scrum Artifacts

Product Backlog

Sprint Backlog

Increment

Scrum Artifacts• Product Backlog

– “The Product Backlog is an ordered list of everything that might be needed in the product and is the single source of requirements for any changes to be made to the product”

– “The Product Owner is responsible for the Product Backlog, including its content, availability, and ordering”

• Sprint Backlog– “The Sprint Backlog is the set of Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint,

plus a plan for delivering the product Increment and realizing the Sprint Goal”– “The Sprint Backlog is a forecast by the Development Team about what

functionality will be in the next Increment and the work needed to deliver that functionality into a “Done” Increment”

• Increment– “The Increment is the sum of all the Product Backlog items completed during

a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints.”

Product Backlog

The product attributes are:- Description: will answer the question “What should I do?” (detailed enough to understand)- Order: The Product Backlog is ordered by the Product Owner- Estimate workload effort: Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large- Value: to marketplace

scrumreferencecard.com

Sprint Planning and Backlog

The Development Team selects items to develop. This will be the Product Increment.Each selected Item will have the following details:- Description: will answer the question “How will we make this change?”- Duration 1-2 days- Assign Owner

scrumreferencecard.com

The Scrum Process - Increment

By Lakeworks - Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3526338

“At the end of a Sprint, the new Increment must be “Done,” which means it must be in useable condition and meet the Scrum Team’s definition of “Done.” It must be in useable condition regardless of whether the Product Owner decides to actually release it”

Sprint Planning

Daily Scrum

Sprint ReviewSprint Retrospective

The Sprint

Scrum Events

Scrum Events• The Sprint

– The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a “Done”, useable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created

• Sprint Planning– The work to be performed in the Sprint plans at the Sprint Planning. This plan is created by the

collaborative work of the entire Scrum Team

• Daily Scrum– The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute time-boxed event for the Development Team to synchronize activities

and create a plan for the next 24 hours. This is done by inspecting the work since the last Daily Scrum and forecasting the work that could be done before the next one”

• Sprint Review– A Sprint Review is held at the end of the Sprint to inspect the Increment and adapt the Product

Backlog if needed. During the Sprint Review, the Scrum Team and stakeholders collaborate about what was done in the Sprint

• Sprint Retrospective– The Sprint Retrospective is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for

improvements to be enacted during the next Sprint.

Events Goals and DeliverablesEvent Goal Deliverables

The Sprint A time-box duration which a “Done”, usable, and Increment is created potentially releasable product

A working Increment

Sprint Planning Part I: What can be done this sprint?

Part II: How will the chosen work get done?

Product Backlog, Sprint Goal, list of selected Product BacklogDefine “Done”, Check List, Sprint Backlog (Sprint Plan: Tasks & Owner)

Daily Meeting Inspect and adapt the progress toward the Sprint Goal

• What did I do yesterday?

• What will I do today?• Do I see any

impediment?Updated Scrum Board, Updated Sprint Backlog Burn-Down/Up

Events Goals and DeliverablesEvent Goal Deliverables

Sprint Review Inspect the Increment and Adapt the Product Backlog

1. P.O. explain what is “done” and what is not “Done”

2. Dev. Team explain overall achievements

3. Demonstrate the Increment

4. Refine Product BacklogSprint Retrospective Inspect itself and provide a plan

to adjust in the next SprintA plan with improvements for the next Sprint

Product Refining Refine the Product Backlog Refined Product Backlog, Updated Product Backlog Burn-Down/Up

1 Sprint Backlog Sub-Task

Provide daily task to execute Working task, Updated Sprint Backlog Burn-Down/Up

The Sprint Framework

“The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", useable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. This applies to every Sprint”

Time BoxEvent 1 Month 2 Weeks

The Sprint*1 30 days/4 weeks 2 weeks

Sprint Planning 8 hours 4 hours

Daily Meeting 15minutes 15minutes

Sprint Review 4 hours 2 hours

Sprint Retrospective 3 hours 1.5 hours

Product Refining (<10% Dev. Team time)

<2 days <1 days

1 Sprint Backlog Sub-task*2 1-2 days 1-2 days

Time-boxed events are events that have a maximum duration.1: Sprint should be short enough to keep the business risk acceptable to the Product Owner and to be able to synchronize the development work with other business events2: The duration of the first tasks should be less than a 1 day

Sprint Planning

• The goal is to answer the following:

1. Part I: What can be done this sprint?

2. Part II: How will the chosen work get done?

Part I: What can be done this sprint?• Input: Product Backlog, latest product Increment, project capacity

of the Dev. Team, past performance of the Dev. Team (Team Velocity)

1. Dev. Team to assess and select from the Product Backlog what to execute

2. Craft a Sprint Goal

3. An objective set for the sprint that can be met through the implementation of the Product Backlog– It provides guidance to the Dev. Team on why it is building the Increment– Size the effort for each item– Generate agreed list of the Product Backlog

Part II: How will the chosen work get done?1. Define what “does “Done” means in practical terms” along with a

Check List (verifiable condition - tests) agreed by the P.O. and the Dev. Team

2. Generate the Sprint Backlog:– Detailed Sprint Backlog– A plan to deliver the selected Product Backlog

• Detailed description• Assigned owner

3. The plan– System Design– Work needed to convert the product backlog into a working product

Increment– Task duration should be 1-2 days, for the first few days it should be less than

a 1 day• Output

– The Dev. Team is able to explain how the plan will accomplish the Sprint Goal

• At the first Sprint, the Product Owner collaborates with the Scrum Master and also select the Developer Architect to help him to assemble the team

• This is the initial Scrum’s Team• The Developer Architect is changeable; Thus, he can

be replaced any time with another Dev. Engineer• First Sprint may used for Go/No Go Prototype product• Multiple Development Teams must have one Product

Backlog and a definition of "done" that makes their combined work potentially releasable

Part II: How will the chosen work get done?

Daily Scrum• The meeting is used to inspect and adapt the progress toward the

Sprint Goal

1. Traditionally, 3 questions are asked:1. What did I do yesterday?2. What will I do today?3. Do I see any impediment?

2. Updating the Scrum Board– Update, revise, prioritize the progress and assignment – finished and new

3. Updating the Sprint Backlog Burn-Down/Up

• If needed, a brainstorm/clarification meeting will occur after the Daily Scrum meeting

Daily Scrum

Round status check with each individualUpdate Scrum Boards and Sprint Backlog Burn-Down/Up

Scrum Board

Used to Track Statusprogrammers.stackexchange.com

Burn-Down Chart

Describes the remaining workload- The Work units are the Story Points- The Time units are 1 Day

https://www.axosoft.com/scrum

Sprint Review• Sprint review Inspect the Increment and Adapt the Product Backlog

if needed• This is an informal meeting, not a status meeting

1. Product Owner explains what have been “Done” and what has not been “Done”

2. The Dev. Team explain what went well, problem and how they are solved3. Demo the work that has “Done” and answers questions about the

Increment; Updating the Product Backlog Burn-Down/Up4. The Product Owner discusses on the current Product Backlog and

expected completion date (if needed)5. A short discussion on what to do next. This will be input for the next

Sprint Planning (Product Refining)6. Recheck if the marketplace has new value and need to refine the Product

Backlog7. Review the timeline, budget, potential capability, marketplace for the

next release of the product• The output of the meeting may be a revised Product Backlog

Sprint Retrospective• Sprint review Inspect itself and provide a plan to adjust the next Sprint

• This is a formal meeting, but NO meeting minutes unless agreed by all

• The purpose of the meeting is:1. Inspect how the last sprint went in regards to people, relationships, process,

and tools;2. Identify and order the major items that went well and potential

improvements; and3. Create a plan for implementing improvements to the way the Scrum Team

does its work

• The output of the meeting should be a plan with improvements for the next Sprint

Definition of “Done”

“The purpose of each Sprint is to deliver Increments of potentially releasable functionality that adhere to the Scrum Team's current definition of "Done"”

A picture is worth a thousand words…

www.scrumprimer.org

Links to Previous Managements Fundamentals Lectures

Lecture # Topic Description

1 Introduction Describes the difference between Soft Skills and Hard Skills

2 The Iceberg Model Explain why soft skills are the primary contributor to project success

3 Communication Manage one of the main causes for project failure; Get familiar with The C’s of Communication's model

4, part 1 Building A Team Part 1 Learn the 4 stages of team building

4, part 2 Building A Team Part 2 10 steps to develop an effective team

5 Motivation Your best Ally, 3 motivation models