Malnutrition in Indian Children
by
Arpit Ramani
Chinmay Shastri
Kishan Soni
Dixit Prajapati
Index:-
Introduction Definition and causes of Malnutrition
Identification and facts Reports
Prevention
Introduction:-
Malnutrition is medical condition caused by insufficient diet.
TYPES OF MALNUTRITION
-Under Nutrition
-Over Nutrition
According to WHO
-MAM(Moderate Acute Malnutrition)
-SAM(severe Acute Malnutrition)
-GAM(Globle Acute Malnutrition)
Under Nutrition Over Nutrition
Types according to WHO:-
MAM Moderate Acute Malnutrition Weight-for-Height Z-score <-
2 but >-3
GAM Global Acute Malnutrition Sum of MAM and SAM
SAM Severe Acute
Malnutrition Weight-for-Height Z-
score <-3 Bilateral pitting oedema
Causes of Malnutrition:-
DIRECT INDICATOR Low Birth Weight
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)
Stunting,Wasting, Underweight
Anaemia
Immunization
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
INDIRECT INDICATORS Lack of Hygienic
Sanitation and Toilet Facilities
Access to Safe Drinking Water
Female literacy
Status:-
malnutrition in mother and child's nutrition status
Source:National family health survey , Ministry of health and welfare
Degrees of Malnutrition:-
Gomez classification of PEM:
Degree of PEM % of desired body wt. for age and sex
•Between 90% and 110% normal nutrition status
• Grade I(1st degree) Mild Malnutrition 75%-89%
• Grade II (2nd degree) Moderate Malnutrition 60%-74%
• Grade III(3rd degree) Severe Malnutrition <60%
Identification:-
Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM) Micronutrient deficiencies PEM
marasmus
extreme wasting of the muscles and a daunt expression
kwashiorkor swelling of the extremities and belly
Some facts about malnutrition:-
Highest number of children 1/3 of world in India Hunger rank 16th among World Population growth 10-14% per year National Obesity rate
25% hungry people in India
14% women
18% men
Source:Wikipedia
Some facts about malnutrition:-
Underweight inversely proportional to Socioeconomic position
44% children underage of 5 are underweight 72% infants and 52% married women have anaemia Weak Pregnant women give birth to a weak child
Source:Wikipedia
Inter generational cycle of malnutrition and health:-
Index For Malnutrition in INDIA:-
Global Hunger Index (GHI) 16th Rank (21.3) Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) 61 Infant mortality rate 47 Low Birth weight 28% Early breastfeeding 41% Underweight 43% Stunting 48% Wasting 20% Overweight 2%
Source: UNICEF
Report:-
MP is highest in malnutrition where 55% children are suffering and in Kerala the rate is 27%.
Hindu and Muslims are more than any other religion in India More affected in Rural(75) than Urban(25) Graphs
Source:UNICEF
Report:-
Source: Ministry of statistics and program implementation(Govt. of India)
Estimated infant mortality rate by sex and residence
Report:-
Source: Ministry of statistics and program implementation(Govt. of India)
Malnutrition in children in urban and rural Nutritional status of children under three years of age
Prevention:-
At family level
-Breast feeding
-nutritive food
-Equality in male and female
At community level
-promotion of healthcare programmes
-provide nutritional education
-income generation activities
Prevention:-
At National Level:--rural development and stabilization of population
-increase agriculture food production
-diet and nutrition should be carried out
-good nutrition planning
-detect the causes of problems
Prevention:-
ACCELERATING PROGRESS IN REDUCING CHILD MALNUTRITION IN INDIA.
1)Midday meal scheme in Indian schools
-over 1.3 million children
2)Integrated child development scheme(ICDS-1975)
-Mothers,children(under 6)
-36 million children
-7 million pregnant women
Prevention:-
3)National children’s Fund
-International year of the child in 1979
-welfare of kids
4)National Plan of Action for Children
-15 states
-Holistic child development
-Aanganvaadi in Villages
Prevention:-
5) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
-Associated with UNICEF since 1949
6) National Rural Health Mission(2005)
Reduce infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR)
Provide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare
Provide universal access to public health service
Finally, to promote healthy life styles
STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR IMPROVED CHILD NUTRITION:-
SHORT-TERM STRATEGY:
1. Nutrition and health programs and policies
2. Effectively address the main nutrition problems.
3. Combined efforts with action.
4. Strong monitoring and evaluation.
5. Research can identify gaps
6. Additional research focused on states, cities, districts,etc
Thank You
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