Making Courseware Reusable
Institute for Program Structures and Data OrganizationUniversität Karlsruhe
Germany
Khaldoun Ateyeh, Jutta Mülle
www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE www.vikar.de
Making Courseware Reusable 2/24
Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Requirements
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
A Course Development Process
Summary
Making Courseware Reusable 3/24
Motivation
The development of multimedia courseware
• is a very difficult and costly process• is an interdisciplinary process• has high requirements on creativity• has to take psychological and
ergonomical aspects into consideration
Why do we need to reuse Courseware?
Making Courseware Reusable 4/24
Motivation: Current Situation
• Current courseware tends towards a monolithic structure mixing content, structure, and presentation
• Current courseware is difficult to:• extend• maintain• update• reuse
Making Courseware Reusable 5/24
Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Requirements
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
A Course Development Process
Summary
Making Courseware Reusable 6/24
Requirements: Courseware
• Modular courseware• Adaptable courseware
• Adaptability to different university types • Adaptability to students • Adaptability to educators • Adaptability to learning form
• Support for cooperation• Support for open standards • Effective search and discovery mechanisms
Making Courseware Reusable 7/24
Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Requirements
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
A Course Development Process
Summary
Making Courseware Reusable 8/24
Our Approach
To meet our goals our approach proposes to:• Divide courseware into self-contained
learning modules • Separate different aspects such as
content, structure, and presentation• Use Standardized Metadata• Create community and domain specific
ontology
Making Courseware Reusable 9/24
Our Approach: Atoms, Modules & Course
• The basic building blocks of our solution are learning atoms
• Each learning atom contains a specific learning unit, say a definition, an example, a proof
• Learning atoms that deal with a semantically closed set of contents form learning modules
• a course is composed of modules and deals with a specific context
Making Courseware Reusable 10/24
Our Approach: Aspects
Which aspects should be adaptable?
Content Structure Presentation
Making Courseware Reusable 11/24
Our Approach: Module Types
Thus, technically a learning module has three variations:
Content Structure Presentation
IntegrationModule
StructuralModule
PresentationalModule
Making Courseware Reusable 12/24
Our Approach
Views of single authors
Presentational modulePrint view
Presentational moduleDistance learning view
Presentational modulePrint view
Group of authors
Learning Subject
Integration Module
Learning ModuleLearning Module Learning Module
Structural module Structural module Structural module
Presentational moduleFace-to-face view
cooperation + content
choice, structure, didactics
presentation
Making Courseware Reusable 13/24
Our Approach: Metadata
• Metadata is used to describe the various aspects of a learning object
• Metadata Standards “Learning Object Metadata LOM”
Making Courseware Reusable 14/24
Nr Gruppe Name Bemerkung Vielfältigkeit Typ Domäne
1 General Allgemeine Eigenschaften des Lernobjekts1_1 General Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String1_2 General Title Titel des Lernobjekts einfach LangString1_4 General Language Sprache des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. String ISO639/ISO31661_5 General Description Inhaltsbeschreibung des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_6 General Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_9 General Aggregationlevel Funktionelle Größe des Objekts einfach Vocabulary 1=Atom, 2=Modul, 4=Kurs
2 Lifecycle Lebenszyklus der Ressource2_1 Lifecycle Version Versionsnummer des LO einfach LangString2_2 Lifecycle Status Bearbeitungsstatus des LO einfach Vocabulary Draft, Final, Revised, Unavailable2_3 Lifecycle Contribute Person oder Org. die zu LO in Bezug steht Liste, max 30 Eintr.
2_3_1 Lifecycle Role Art der Beteiligung einfach Vocabulary Author, Editor, Graphical Designer, ...2_3_2 Lifecycle Entity Beteiligte Entitäten Liste, max 40 Eintr. String vCard2_3_3 Lifecycle Date Datum der Beteiligung einfach DateType
4 Technical4_1 Technical Format Datentyp der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. String MIME4_2 Technical Size Größe der Ressource einfach Number4_3 Technical Location Zugriffspfad für Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. String
5 Educational Bildungsrelevante Eigenschaften5_1 Educational Interactivitytype Art der Interaktivität einfach Vocabulary Active, Expositive, Mixed, Undefined5_2 Educational Learningresourcetype Art der Ressource, dominanteste zuerst Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Excercise, Simulation, Diagram, ...5_3 Educational Interactivitylevel Ebene der Interaktivität einfach very low, low, medium, high, very high5_5 Educational Intendedenduserrole Benutzerrolle Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Teacher, Author, Learner, Manager5_6 Educational Context Zielgruppe Liste, max 4 Eintr. Vocabulary University First Cycle, ...5_9 Educational Typicallearningtime Zeit zum Bearbeiten der Ressource einfach DateType ISO8601
5_10 Educational Description Beschreibung, wie Ressource genutzt werden solleinfach LangString7 Relation rein strukt. Bez. zu anderen Ressourcen Liste, max 100 Eintr.
7_1 Relation Kind Art der Beziehung einfach Vocabulary IsPartOf, IsBasedOn, Requires, ...7_2 Relation Resource Zielobjekt einfach
7_2_1 Relation Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String8 Annotation Kommentare zum Wert der Ressource Liste, max 30 Eintr.
8_1 Annotation Person Person einfach String vCard8_2 Annotation Date Datum einfach DateType8_3 Annotation Description Anmerkung einfach LangString
9 Classification Klassifizierung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr.9_4 Classification Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. LangString
Extensions Moduletype Typ eines Lernmoduls einfach String 0-3(0 = Virtual, 1 = Integration, 2 = Structural, 3 = Presentational)
Structural Relationships to other Learning Objects
Content Relationship to other Learning Objects in the Ontology
Lifecycle of the Learning Object
Technical Aspects of the Learning Object
Educational Aspects
Type of a learning Module
Annotation Information
SCORE-Metadata-StandardGeneral characteristic of the Learning Object
Making Courseware Reusable 15/24
Our Approach: Ontology
• A set of concept definitions and their relationships
• A common basis for cooperation and exchange within one community
• A browsing space
Making Courseware Reusable 16/24
Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
A Course Development Process
Summary
Making Courseware Reusable 17/24
Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble course
Search
Metadata Editor
Presentation Generator
Release course
Uploader Structuring Tool
ExportModule Builder
Course Development: CourseBuilder
Ontology Browser
Define a course structure• The course structure defines at this stage a first outline or a concept of the course• It includes the separation of the course into modules and a specification of each module • This step could also be conducted later (after the “search modules“ step)
Making Courseware Reusable 18/24
Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble course
Search
Metadata Editor
Presentation Generator
Release course
Uploader Structuring Tool
ExportModule Builder
Course Development: CourseBuilder
Ontology Browser
Search modules• for every specified module search a suitable module in module repositories• the search could be conducted in form of queries or browsing an ontology space for the subject
Making Courseware Reusable 19/24
Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble course
Search
Metadata Editor
Presentation Generator
Release course
Uploader Structuring Tool
ExportModule Builder
Course Development: CourseBuilder
Ontology Browser
ModuleBuilderThis tool is used to deal with all aspects of a module
Assemble course•adapt found modules to specific needs• develop unavailable modules• connect modules by adding course specific (context specific) materials• add and extract metadata for the course• generate a presentation for the course
Making Courseware Reusable 20/24
Existing modules
Search modules
Suitable modules
Course with metadata
Define a course structure
Assemble course
Search
Metadata Editor
Presentation Generator
Release course
Uploader Structuring Tool
ExportModule Builder
Course Development: CourseBuilder
Ontology Browser
Release course• upload and publish course• export course
Making Courseware Reusable 21/24
Outline
Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse
Goal of SCORE
Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology
A Course Development Process
Summary
Making Courseware Reusable 22/24
Summary (1)
• Basic Problem:• Courseware development is extremely costly
and time consuming
• Desirable:• Reusable courseware, i.e. create courseware
in a way that allows to use parts of it in other contexts, for other audiences and by other educators
• this is prevented by monolithic courses • that do not separate contents from structure
and presentation• do not identify semantic units of teaching
Making Courseware Reusable 23/24
Summary (2)
• Our approach:• divide contents into smallest semantic units• combine related units to form modules• separate different aspects, in particular:
contents, structure, presentation• metadata standards and ontology• provide tools to help
• devise a course structure• find existing materials that cover the topics
needed• structure contents according to individual needs• adapt material to presentation requirements.
Making Courseware Reusable 24/24
Thank you!
Thank you for your attention!
Additional information can be found athttp://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE
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