1896 1902 1905 1907

1899 1904 1906

An original member of the Kati-punan movement, Macario Sakay fought alongside Andrés Boni-facio throughout the Philippine Revolution of 1896.

President Theodore Roosevelt of-ficially ended the Philippine-Amer-ican War on July 4, 1902. At the end of the war, Sakay was granted amnesty and released from prison.

Dr. Domingo lopez, a Filipino labor leader, was authorized in 1905 byGovernor General Henry Clay Ide to negotiate for the sur-render of Sakay and his men.

September 13, 1907, the lead-er of the Republic of Kata-galugan, the de facto fourth President of the Philippines, was hanged.

He continued the struggle for Philippine independence against the United States. Near the end of the Philippine-American War Sakay was captured and jailed by the Philippine Constabulary.

Sakay issued his own manifesto proclaiming himself President and established his own govern-ment called the Repúblika ng Katagalugan in opposition to U.S. colonial rule.

After receiving a letter from the American governor-general prom-ising amnesty for himself and his men in exchange for surrender, Sakay was fooled into an agree-ment but actually was betrayed.