Subject : Microprocessors Architecture
Friday, August 22, 2014 Basic of Microprocessor Architecture 1
Types Of Computer
Evolution Of Microprocessors
Microprocessors 8086 Features
Architecture of 8086 .
Examination SchemeTheory: 50 MarksOnline: 50 MarksOral: 50 MarksTerm Work: 25 Marks
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Type of computer
Digital computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer
Micro ComputerMain frame
ComputerSuper Computer
Home PC
Mini Computer
Types of Computer
Fig 1 : Types Of Computers
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Analog Computer Digital Computer
Measures and answer the questions by the
method of “HOW MUCH”.
Answer the questions by the method of
“HOW Many”.
Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V) Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)
Accuracy 1% Approximately Accuracy unlimited
.
High speed low speed sequential as well as parallel
processing
Output is continuous Output is continuous but obtain when
computation is completed
Time is wasted in transmission time No time wasted in transmission.
1.Micro Computer1. Micro computer are the smallest computer system.
2. There size range from calculator to desktop size.
3. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.
4. Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.
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1. These are also small general purpose system.
2. Generally more powerful and most useful as compared to micro computer.
3. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.
4. Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.
2. Mini Computer
Main Frame Computer
1. Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing
and grater storage area.
2. The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as
Father computer.
3. Application – Host computer, Central data base server.
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Table 1: Evolution of Intel’s Microprocessors (From 8008 - 8088)
Fig 2 : Intel 8086 microprocessor
Microprocessors contain core essentials
Integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on
a single chip (Integrated Chip).
1. Memory unit
2. ALU
3. Control unit
4. Interrupt / Exception controller
5. Internal cache
Microprocessor
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Basic Features of 8086
1. Intel 8086 was launched in 1978.
2. It was the first 16-bit microprocessor.
3. This microprocessor had major improvement over the execution speed of 8085.
4. It is available as 40-pin Dual-Inline-Package (DIP).
5. It is available in three versions:
a. 8086 (5 MHz)
b. 8086-2 (8 MHz)
c. 8086-1 (10 MHz)
6. It consists of 29,000 transistors.
7 16-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit & data bus .
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Architectures Of 8086: • 8-bit designs
• 16-bit designs
• 32-bit designs
• 64-bit designs in personal computers
• Multicore designs
• RISC
• Special-purpose designs
- Microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors(DSP) & Graphics
Processing Units(GPU)
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Microprocessor Microcontroller
CPU is stand alone, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer
are separate.
CPU, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer all are on
single chip.
Designer can decide amount of RAM,ROM,
& I/O ports.
Fixed amount of on-chip RAM,ROM, & I/O
ports.
High processing power Low processing power
High power consumption Low power consumption
Typically 32/64 bit 8/16 bit
General purpose Single purpose(control oriented)
Less reliable Highly reliable
Eg.- 8086,8085 8051
Fig 3 : Block diagram of Intel 8086
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8086 Block Diagram
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