1© by Lufthansa Flight Training
The Lufthansa Approach
to Ab Initio TrainingFlorian Hamm, CEO Lufthansa Flight Training
APATS, 8 September 2009, Hong Kong
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Agenda
> Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
> Concept development
> MPL A Jet - Training programme
> Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
> Information technology
> Conclusion
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The history of ab initio training at Lufthansa
“Classic” ab initio
FUTURA MPL
1956 1987 2009
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Starting point for introducing a new ab initio
training concept
> ICAO Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
> Benchmarking study of training costs
> Life-time limit of existing training aircraft PA 42
> Fundamental policy of the Lufthansa Group:
· to retain an ab initio training system with consistent pre-selection
· to retain the Pilot School in Bremen / Phoenix, Arizona for Lufthansa’s
ab initio training
· to retain 2003 training standards
Further development of the training system was necessary
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
> Working group made up of representatives of:
> Review Board:
· Postholder Flight Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
· Postholder Crew Training Lufthansa German Airlines
· CEO Lufthansa Flight Training
· Short and Medium-haul Fleet Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
· Vice President Pilot Schools Bremen & Phoenix
· Head of Controlling Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
· Corporate Safety Pilot and Quality Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
· Postholder Training SWISS
Project organisation
Concept development
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Targets and critical success factors
> Target:
· To develop a new ab initio concept by 2008
> Critical success factors:
· Training quality
· Training costs
· Instructor qualification
· Compliance with basic legal requirements
(JAR, German law, European law)
Concept development
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Procedure
> Step 1: Training needs analysis
Deduce quality requirements
> Step 2: Compare the cost of alternatives that provide the same quality
Concept development
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Step 1: Training needs analysis
Concept development
00:10
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00
02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00
75:00 75:00
I C E 11 12 14 13 13 14 17 17 17 17 19 18 18 18 17 18 17 17 18 19 18 18 18 18 18 17
Safety procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Checklist procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Jet aircraft handling 3 29 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Situational awareness and decision making 0 32 6 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Basic instruments procedures 2 30 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Radio Nav procedures 2 26 9 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E E
Approach procedures 4 16 18 I I I I C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
Airwork procedures 2 3 3 I I C E E E
Aircraft handling 2 18 18 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
Visual circuit/approach 4 0 0
Leadership and teamwork using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
Workload management using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
Communication procedures using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
Touch and go 6 12 1 I I I I C C C C C C E
Auto flight procedures 7 18 6 I I C I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E
Abnormal procedures 5 9 6 I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E
IFR enroute procedures 5 15 12 I I I I I C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E
FMS 5 12 15 I I I I I C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E
TCAS 5 5 0 I I I I I C C C C C
EGPWS 2 0 0 I I
ATC Environment 25 8 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Basic RNAV procedures 8 10 15 I I I I I I I I C C E E E E E E E E E E E
107 298 236
Intr
oduction
Consolid
ation
Execution
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Step 2: Cost comparison of alternatives
Concept development
5 4 6 7
Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs
PHX FCL F 33 156:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 141:30
PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:10
PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:50
BRE FCL Sim PA 42 31:00 BRE FCL Sim PA 42 37:00 PHX FCL FNPT II twin eng. 20:00 BRE FCL FNPT II MCC 49:00
BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 PHX FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 BRE FCL A/C 15:50
FRA JO Simulator 44:00 FRA JO Simulator 44:00 BRE FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 FRA JO Simulator 32:00
FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA JO Simulator 60:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00
offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days
offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days
1 3 2 0
Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs
PHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 65:00 PHX Core F 33 82:10
PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 18:00 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50
PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 45:00 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30
BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 56:00 PHX Core A/C PA 44 45:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00
BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 22:30 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 60:00
FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 32:00 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 44:00 BRE Interm. Simulator 45:00 FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00
FRA TR Simulator 42:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days
offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days
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Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs
PHX Core F 33 158:40
PHX Core F 33 Solo 24:30
PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 20:00
offen Basic Simulator 48:30
offen Interm. Simulator 32:00
FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00
offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days
MPL B trial
FCL actual
FCL actual with replacement for
PA 42 (Turboprop)
MPL A Jet
FCL new Jet
MPL A (Turboprop)
FCL actual with replacement for
PA 42 (Piston Engine)
MPL A (PA 44) MPL B
• FCL Concept
• costs
• syllabus object.
• costs
• syllabus object.
• risks A/C
• risks LdgTrng
• costs
• syllabus object.
• FCL Concept
• risk A/C
• costs
• FCL concept
• costs
• risk concept MPL
• risk Ldg Trng
• costs
• risk capacity
• risk Ldg Trng
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL A Jet – the most cost-efficient alternative
> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence Training:
· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%
· Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%
· Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30%
· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating cut by about 25%
> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student pilot
> PA 42 Cheyenne replaced by a high-performance aircraft
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL: The legal basis
MPL A Jet: Training programme
Acc. AMC JAR FCL 1 Amd. 7
Training Items Ground
training media
Advanced - CRM Aeroplane:
- Landing training Turbine
- All weather Muli-engine
- LOFT Multi-crew certified
- Abnormal procedures FSTD:
- Normal procedures Type IV
Intermediate - CRM
- LOFT
- Abnormal procedures FSTD:
- Normal procedures Type III
- Multi-crew
- Instrument flight - CBT
Basic - CRM Aeroplane: - E-learning
- PF/PNF complement Single or multi-engine - Part task trainer
- IFR Cross-country - classroom
- Instrument flight
FSTD:
Type II
Core flying skills - CRM Aeroplane:
- VFR Cross-country Single or multi-engine
- Solo flight
- Basic Instrument flight
- Principles of flight FSTD:
- Cockpit procedures Type I
- Upset recovery
- Night flight
Training course shall initially include 70 hours of actual flying time.
PF
Inte
gra
ted T
hre
at
& E
rror
Managem
ent
Prin
cip
les
Type rating training within
an airline oriented
environment
Application of multi-crew
operation in a high
performance multi-engine
turbine aeroplane
Introduction of multi-crew
operations and instrument
flight
Specific basic single pilot
training
Phase of Training
12 take-offs and
landings as PF
PF / PNF
PF / PNF
PF / PNF
FSTD
(Flight Simulation Training
Devices)
Fully equivalent to a
level C & D Full
Flight SimulatorTYPE IV
Flight and simulated flight training
media - Minimum level requirement
2 Pilot Muli-Engine
Turbine-powered
Aeroplane
w/enhanced daylight
visual and autopilot
capable of ATC,
Flight Guidance,
EFIS, FMS, and
TCAS
TYPE III
E-training and Part-
task devicesTYPE I
Generic Turbine-
powered Aeroplane
or equivalent to FAA
FTD Level 5, or JAA
FNPT II, MCC
TYPE II
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Training in Bremen, Phoenix and Frankfurt
MPL A Jet: Training programme
1.Theoretical
Training
Bremen
> 2.Flight Training
Phoenix
(Core Phase 1-4)
> 3.Flight Training
Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)
> 4.Flight Training
Frankfurt
(Intermediate and
Advanced Phase)
- approx. 4 months –
F33 FSTD and F33
A/C
- in total 114:30 flight
hours
- approx. 3.5 months –
CJ1+ FSTD and
CJ1+ A/C
- in total 75 flight hours
- approx. 3 months –
B737 / A320 FSTD
B737 / A320 A/C
- in total 74 flight
hours
- approx. 11.5 months
- total teaching
units 1184
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Theory Syllabus
MPL A Jet: Training programme
*TU = teaching units
Starter Course 48 TU* Navigation (060) 192 TU
061 108 TUAir Law (010) 130 TU 062 84 TU
Aircraft General Knowledge (020) 312 TU Operational Procedures (070) 50 TU
021E 98 TU
021T 106 TU Principles of Flight (080) 48 TU
022 108 TUCommunications (090) 30 TU
Flight Performance and Planning (030) 136 TU
031 22 TU FMS 16 TU
032 62 TU
033 52 TU
Human Performance & Limitations (040) 88 TU
Meteorology (050) 134 TU Total 1184 TU
1. Theoretical
Training
Bremen
>
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Reorganisation of theory
14 JAR-FCL Examination Subjects
5 T
rain
ing
Ph
ase
s
Ground Instruction of LH Student Pilots
1
2
3
4
5
Interdisciplinary Starter Course
Interdisciplinary Course FMS
> Matrix organisation
· examination subjects, interdisciplinary courses
· phases
MPL A Jet: Training programme 1. Theoretical
Training
Bremen
>
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Core Phase
> Training aircraft:
· Beechcraft Bonanza F33
· Beechcraft Bonanza F33C (upset recovery)
> Flight simulation training device:
· Type specific FNPT II(Beechcraft Bonanza F33)
> Phases: in total: 114:30 hrs
· Core 1:
Airwork / pattern up to first solo: 28:55 hrs
· Core 2:
Airwork / pattern / cross country up to first solo X/C: 34:45 hrs
· Core 3:
Airwork / pattern / cross country / night flying / upset: 28:20 hrs
· Core 4:
Basis instruments / IF procedures: 22:30 hrs
2. Flight Training
Phoenix
(Core Phase 1-4)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Basic Phase> Training aircraft:
· Cessna Citation CJ1+
> Equipment:
· Third crew seat (unique feature)
· Collins Pro Line 21
· Collins FMS 3000
· Dual VHF 4000e
· TCAS II
· EGPWS Mark V
> Phases: in total: 75:00 hrs
· Basic 1:Normal / IF procedures STD: 36:00 hrs
· Basic 2:Abnormal procedures / LOFT STD: 24:00 hrs
· Basic 3:Approaches / LOFT Aircraft: 15:00 hrs
3. Flight Training
Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Basic Phase
> Flight simulation training device:
· Type specific FNPT II / MCC and FTD 2
· (Cessna Citation CJ1+)
> Features:
· IOS with two 17”‘ touchscreens
· Collins Pro Line 21 / FMS 3000
· TCAS II scenarios
· EGPWS scenarios
· Wind shear scenarios
· WX radar
· T/O plot
· 10 airports in visual DB / all others generic
· 2 cameras for MCC training
3. Flight Training
Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Intermediate and Advanced Phase
Jet Orientation > Type Rating >
- 32:00 hrs - 42:00 hrs
4. Flight Training
Frankfurt
(Intermediate and
Advanced Phase)
>
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
> Definition of Lufthansa-specific requirements
> Review of all materials in terms of relevance to flight training
> Targets
· Updating of content identified as both safety-related and practice-relevant by
training captains and flight instructors
· Editing of LFT and LH content, working in close collaboration
> Review of all learning targets by A320 and B737 training captains as well as by
flight instructors from Bremen and Phoenix, Arizona
Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Reorganisation – Information Technology
> The switch to a new training concept was used as an opportunity to reorganise IT:
· Administration was simplified through
- online access to performance data at various locations
- central data management to verify performance
· A grading system was integrated into the administrative software to enable individual performance tracking
Information technology
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Thank you for your attention!
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The classic ab initio concept
> Single Pilot Concept
> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competency
> No / little use of synthetic training devices
> Late introduction to CCC/MCC
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The “FUTURA” concept
> Single pilot concept
> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competence
> Use of synthetic training device up to the
simulator (PA42)
> Use of more complex aircraft (PA42)
> Early introduction to CCC/MCC
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Multi-Crew Pilot Licence
> Single pilot concept only in the first phase of training
> Competence-based training
> Synthetic training devices used in all phases of the training
> Very early introduction to MCC
> Teaching of Threat and Error Management (TEM)
> At LH: Use of jets in Basic Phase of training
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL A Jet – the cost-efficient alternative
> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence training:
· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%
(158:40 to 82:30)
· Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%
(154:30 to 222:30)
· Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30% (10:00 to 15:00)
· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating reduced by about
25% (92:00 to 74:00)
> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student
> PA 42 “Cheyenne” replaced by a high-performance aircraft
MPL A Jet: Training programme
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© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Experience to date
> Costs have remained within budget
> Results of theory examination on a par with previous results
> As yet there has been no need to adjust the concept
Conclusion
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