LOW-LAND HYDROPOWER – Theory and PraxisSeptember 20th 2018
Program
Time Duration Title Speaker8:45‐9:00 15’ Registration
9:00‐9:40 40’Low‐land river hydropower: state of the art and NL example
Miroslav Marence (IHE Delft)
9:40‐10:00 20’Example kinetic hydropower: EQA‐River
Dennis de Ruiter (EQA Projects)
10:00‐10:20 20’Identification and assessment of hydropower potential in Sierra Leone
Herman Mondeel (Witteveen&Bos)
10:20‐10:40 20’Flexible operation of low‐land hydropower
Jorn Baayen (KISTERS and Deltares)
10:40:11:10 30’ Break
11:10‐11:50 40’Wave and tide hydropower: frontiers and knowledge gaps
Peter Scheijgrond (Dutch Marine Energy)
11:50‐12:10 20’WaveSAX, an innovative wave energy generator
Maximo Peviani (RSE –Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico)
12:10‐12:30 20’Learning from the first deployments of tidal stream turbines
Merel Verbeek (TU Delft)
12:30‐13:30 1 hour lunch
13:30‐18:00Site visit4.5 hours
13:30 departure Delft IHE => 15:00 arrival Sint‐Michielsgestel30 minutes visit Low‐head Dommel plant15:30 departure => 16:00 arrival Zaltbommel30 minutes visit EQA‐River plant 16:30 departure => stop train station Zaltbommel => 18:00 arrival Delft
• River hydropower – potential and kinetic energy of rivers• Costal hydropower – wave, current, tidal energy
Content
LOW-LAND RIVER HYDROPOWERMiroslav Marence
Hydropower ...
• is renewable source• technologies are innovative and tailor-made system solutions• means long-term investment• creates additional economic value• is most efficient energy generation technology• is reliable and sustainable energy source that tackle climate change
DNV-GL: Energy Transition Outlook 2017
Hydropower ...
• is a heart of renewable family• has low levelised cost of electricity (LCOE)• has low life-cycle emission intensity• ….
Levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) Life-cycle emission intensity by technologies
Hydropower facts - Global
• Global hydropower installed capacity 1,267 GW• Estimated electricity generated from hydropower 4,185 TWh
Hydropower facts – The Netherlands
• Hydropower has insignificant role• Total installed hydropower capacity 38 MW
– Alphen - 14 MW– Linnen - 11 MW– Amerongen (Maurik) - 10 MW– Hagestein – 1.8 MW– Roermond - 0.2 MW– Gramsbergen – 0.1 MW
Installed electricity capacity in the Netherlands (MW)
Small hydropower capacity in the Netherlands (MW) http://www.smallhydroworld.org/
• Energy is capability of doing work, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Output of the hydroelectric power plant – electrical energy.
• Power is a rate of energy produced or used, expressed in kilowatts (KW)
• Potential power:∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ 8 ∗ H ∗ Q
• Kinetic power
∗ ∗ ∗ …… ∗ , )
Power and Energy
How hydropower works
How hydropower works?
Head as a problem in Netherlands
How hydropower works
Kinetic hydropower
Low head turbines – Very low head (VLH) turbine
Units for head of 1.8 - 3.5 m.Characteristics:• Standardized 8 blades Kaplan turbine• Self-supporting structure• Slow direct-drive variable-speed permanent-
magnet generator• Runner blades can be watertight closed• Distributor used as a protection grid• Embarked rotating trash rake cleaner
(1),(2) steel frame structure,
(3) turbine hub with 8 turbine blades (4)
(5) generator and (6) rotating bar
screen cleaner
Low head turbines – Roth turbine
Low head turbines – Dive turbine
• Francis or Kaplan turbine without wicket gates and spiral case• Efficiency ~75%• Simple turbine structure, less civil work
Low head turbines – Archimedes screw
• Developed by Archimedes ( 287-212 BC) device with a revolving screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder and used as a pump.
• Today still often used as a pump or also for reclaiming land from under sea level
Low head turbines – Archimedes screw
• The screw is highly efficient for low head sites, harnessing up to 87% of the energy captured from the turning motion.
• Suitable sites range from a one meter up to ten meter heads, and can handle flow rate between 0.1m3/s up to 15m3/s per screw. For low head the Hydro Screw is one of the most efficient sources of hydropower.
Low head turbines – Archimedes screw
Low head turbines – Steff turbine
The key component of the Steffturbine is the circulating chain, running around two sprockets. Corrosion-resistant steel paddles fixed to the chain transmit the hydropower to an integral, permanent-magnet generator.
Low head turbines – The Netherlands
Low head turbines – The Netherlands
Low head turbines – The Netherlands
Alternative hydropower solution
European hydropower potential (large scale) almost depleted, possibilities:– Small hydropower sector– Rehabilitation, life extension, upgrading, optimization
Restrains– Environmental constrains– Energy price
Alternative hydropower concept – hydropower as an additional function of existing hydro-technical infrastructure
– Attractive and lucrative– Not hindering or endanger main structure function– Allows additional energy generation
Alternative hydropower solution
Installation of small hydropower plants in the existing water infrastructure where electricity generation is not a primary priority - multipurpose schemes Identification of non-traditional solutions = hidden treasury
Alternative hydropower solutionMJ2 Technologies Sarl
SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river
• Weir structure on Dommel river (North Brabant)• Constructed 1970• 3 field weir with more than 30 m³/s• Water management system (water level regulation)• Fish passage (2006) with 1.6 m³/s• Run-of-river system (design discharge 10 m³/s)• Head 1.0-1.8 m• Screw turbine selected
SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river
Site Report
SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river
• Connected directly on local grid• Installation in the middle field of the weir increased costs but was requested by Waterboard• The first private project in NL with license on existing river structure• Financing model with crowd founding (75%) with almost 500 participants• On grid from October 2016• Output 150 kW, 500-900 MWh
IHE Delft Institute for Water Educationwww.un-ihe.org
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