Looking Inside CellsSection 1-3
• The cell wall protects and supports the plant cell.
• The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
•The nucleus is the cell’s control center. It directs all of the cell’s activities.
Three parts:
1. Nuclear membrane
2. Nucleolus
3. Chromatin (DNA)
• The cytoplasm is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is a clear, thick, gel-like fluid.
• Mitochondria produce most of the energy needed by a cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum is a maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
• Ribosomes produce proteins in the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
• The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
• Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. They are only found in autotrophic organisms.
Chloroplasts
• Vacuoles store food, water, waste products and other materials needed by the cell. Plant cells have large vacuoles.
• Lysosomes release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
• Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus.
• Cells in multicellular organisms are often quite different from one another.
• Specialized cells are found only in multicellular organisms.
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