Earth’s Atmosphere and Earth’s Atmosphere and OceansOceans
Lecture Outline #8Lecture Outline #8
TemperatureTemperature
Measure of average kinetic energy of Measure of average kinetic energy of individual atoms or molecules in a individual atoms or molecules in a substance (or in the atmosphere)substance (or in the atmosphere)
Thermal Energy/HeatThermal Energy/Heat
Total amount of energy in a substanceTotal amount of energy in a substance Heat is that energy moving from one Heat is that energy moving from one
substance (with higher temp) to anothersubstance (with higher temp) to another
4 Laws of Thermodynamics4 Laws of Thermodynamics
Sensible Heat vs. Latent HeatSensible Heat vs. Latent Heat Look at water’s phase changesLook at water’s phase changes
Types of Heat TransferTypes of Heat Transfer
Sun’s EnergySun’s Energy
Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic RadiationSpectrumSpectrum
Fate of Incoming Solar RadiationFate of Incoming Solar RadiationInsolationInsolation
Albedos of Various SurfacesAlbedos of Various Surfaces
Blacktop road : 5 – 10%Blacktop road : 5 – 10% Fresh snow or ice : 80 – 95%Fresh snow or ice : 80 – 95% Old snow: 45 – 70%Old snow: 45 – 70% Meadow: 5 – 25%Meadow: 5 – 25% Water: Varies significantlyWater: Varies significantly
Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
Global Energy BudgetGlobal Energy Budget
How is the solar radiation that reaches earth How is the solar radiation that reaches earth distributed? Or….distributed? Or….
What are the factors that change the What are the factors that change the amount of radiation received or retained in a amount of radiation received or retained in a location?location?
Variations in InsolationVariations in Insolation
http://www.netaxs.com/~mhmyers/cdjpgs/seasons.jpghttp://www.netaxs.com/~mhmyers/cdjpgs/seasons.jpg
http://www.weatherpages.com/variety/diurnal.jpg
Global Energy BudgetGlobal Energy Budget
What’s a budget?What’s a budget? Energy In – Energy Out = StorageEnergy In – Energy Out = Storage
Changes in Global Energy BudgetChanges in Global Energy Budget
http://http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Shishaldin/Mcgimsey_04231999_med.jpgvolcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Shishaldin/Mcgimsey_04231999_med.jpg
http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/media/archive/4785.jpg
http://energyconcepts.tripod.com/energyconcepts/chimney.jpg
Patterns of Temperature VariationPatterns of Temperature Variation
Coastal vs. Inland TemperaturesCoastal vs. Inland Temperatures
Temperatures as Affected by Temperatures as Affected by LandformsLandforms
Windward vs. Leeward Windward vs. Leeward Temperatures on ContinentTemperatures on Continent
Influence of Cloud Cover on Influence of Cloud Cover on TemperatureTemperature
Changes in Average TemperaturesChanges in Average TemperaturesThroughout YearThroughout Year
IsothermsIsotherms
Top Related