ljLorh
eSa vkSj esjk
ysf[kdk,¡
MkWú ek/qjh 'kkfyuh 'kekZ ,eúfiQyú] ih&,púMhú (fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;) ,eú,ú] chú,Mú (fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;) foHkkxkè;{kkµfnYyh ifCyd LowQy] n~okjdk vè;kfidkµfnYyh ifCyd LowQy] n~okjdk
U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyúubZ fnYyhµ110002 (bafM;k)
f'k{kd&lan£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk
Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone : +91-11-43556600Fax : +91-11-43556688E-mail : [email protected] : www.saraswatihouse.comCIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293
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Revised edition 2018
TM Code: 2017007000141
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vkeq[k
f'k{kdksa dk Kku vR;ar O;kid gksrk gSA mUgsa lanf'kZdk lqiqnZ djus dk mn~ns'; gS] cPpksa dk lok±xh.k fodkl djukA
f'k{k.k iz.kkyh esa Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gSA Hkk"kk dh xw<+ ckjhfd;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, gekjk ,d iz;kl iqLrdh; Ük`a[kyk osQ :i esa vkiosQ le{k gS] ftldk uke gS ̂ eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.kA* ;g d{kk ,d ls ysdj vkBoha rd osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, gSA gekjk mn~ns'; cPpksa dks fganh Hkk"kk fl[kkuk gSA
f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk dk fuekZ.k f'k{kdksa osQ fy, fd;k x;k gS rkfd ^eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* Ük`a[kyk dh i`"BHkwfe esa fufgr mn~ns';ksa dks os cPpksa rd lgh <ax ls igq¡pk losaQA
^f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk* dks vf/d mi;ksxh ,oa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa gsrq vH;klijd cukus osQ fy, O;kdj.k&fo"k; osQ izR;sd ikB dh ikB&;kstuk miyC/ djkbZ tk jgh gSA rRi'pkr~ ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa ,oa iz'u&i=kksa osQ mRrj fn, x, gSaA ikBksa osQ i'pkr~ gy lfgr dk;Z&if=kdk,¡ Hkh tksM+h xbZ gSaA
vk'kk gS] Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k gekjk ;g iz;kl mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxkA
f'k{kkfonksa ,oa vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa n~okjk fd, x, lq>koksa dk ge Lokxr djsaxs ftlls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA
µysf[kdk,¡
fo"k;&lwph 1- Hkk"kk&fopkj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 2- o.kZ&fopkj -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 3- laf/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 4- 'kCn&fopkj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 5- 'kCn&HkaMkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 6- milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl -----------------------------------------------------------------------20 7- laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 8- fyax -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 9- opu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 10- dkjd-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 11- loZuke---------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------33 12- fo'ks"k.k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 13- fØ;k--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 14- dky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 15- vfodkjh 'kCn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 16- okD; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 17- v'kqn~/ okD;ksa dk 'kks/u -----------------------------------------------------------------------51 18- fojke&fpg~u -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 19- eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡ -------------------------------------------------------------------------56 20- vifBr xn~;ka'k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58 21- vifBr in~;ka'k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59 vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 dk;Z&if=kdk,¡ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61 dk;Z&if=kdkµmRrjkoyh --------------------------------------------------------------------------80
(iv)
5
Hkk"kk&fopkjPhilology 1
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % Hkk"kk&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; Hkk"kk rFkk Hkk"kk osQ :iksa ls ifjp;A
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku ,oa iz;ksxA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
Hkk"kk ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl djokukA
lgk;d lkexzh oqQN Hkk"kkvksa osQ uewus] lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^Hkk"kk* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* djus osQ fy, dgsaA
rRi'pkr Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ml ij ppkZ djsaA muosQ fopkj tkusaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr Hkk"kkvksa osQ uewus fn[kkdj crk,¡ fd Hkkjr@fo'o esa vusd Hkk"kk,¡ cksyh tkrh gSA
Hkk"kk osQ egRo ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaA
lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
6
fu"d"kZ Nk=kk ^Hkk"kk* osQ :iksa rFkk egRo ls iw.kZr% ifjfpr gks x, gSaA os oqQN Hkk"kkvksa dh fyfi;ksa dks Hkh igpkuus esa l{ke gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
Nk=k Lo;a crk,¡xsA
Hkk"kk osQ nks eq[; :i gSaµekSf[kd rFkk fyf[krA
O;kdj.k Hkk"kk dks 'kqn~/ :i ls cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk fl[kkrk gSA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) fyf[kr ([k) ekSf[kd (x) fyf[kr (?k) ekSf[kd
(Ä) fyf[kr (p) ekSf[kd
2- (d) iatkch ([k) rfey (x) fganh (?k) vksfM+;k
(Ä) dUuM+ (p) rsyqxq (N) ey;kye (t) vlfe;k
3- (d) rhu ([k) ekSf[kd (x) 22 (?k) i+ Qkjlh
(Ä) fyfi
4- (d) ([k) (x) (?k)
(Ä) (p)
”kjk lksfp, rks
bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k viuh le> ls nsaxsA
Hkkjr osQ vykok iQh”kh] ekWjh'kl] baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k] usiky] nf{k.k vizQhdk] dukMk vkfn
ns'kksa esa Hkh ¯gnh cksyh tkrh gSA
Nk=k Lo;a irk yxk,¡xsA
djosQ nsf[k,
vè;kid vFkok baVjusV osQ lg;ksx ls Nk=k ;g xfrfof/ Lo;a djsaxsA
7
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % o.kZ&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; ¯gnh o.kZekyk rFkk o.kZ osQ Hksnksa ls ifjp;A
o.kZ&foPNsn rFkk o.kZ&esy dk vH;klA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dh tkudkjh nsuk rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
mPPkkj.k laca/h v'kqn~f/;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl iz'u djokukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* dks è;ku
ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA Nk=kksa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d&,d 'kCn cqyok,¡A
rRi'pkr ';keiV ij oqQN 'kCnksa dh èofu;k¡ fy[ksa vkSj Nk=kksa ls i<+ok,¡A
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd eq[k ls fudyh ;s èofu;k¡ ^o.kZ* dgykrh gSa vkSj
vkt ge o.kZ ls laacaf/r ikB i<saxsA
';keiV ij mi&fo"k; fy[kssaA
lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd
lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
o.kZ&fopkjOrthography 2
8
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa
vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,
vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k o.kZekyk] o.kks± osQ Hksn rFkk miHksnksa dks igpkurs gSa rFkk o.kZ&foPNsn vkSj
o.kZ&la;ksx dj ldrs gSaA mPpkj.k laca/h eq[; v'kqn~f/;ksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ
gSa vkSj muesa lq/kj Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks Hkk"kk dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ o.kZ dgykrh gSA
nks O;atuksa osQ esy ls la;qDr O;atu curs gSaA budh la[;k pkj gSA
o.kks± osQ O;ofLFkr lewg dks o.kZekyk dgrs gSaA
Li'kZ O;atuksa osQ izR;sd oxZ dk vafre o.kZ iape o.kZ dgykrk gSA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) bdkbZ ([k) o.kZekyk
(x) Lojksa (?k) rhu] ßLo] nh?kZ] Iyqr
(Ä) v] ½ (p) mPpkj.k (N) Z ] z ] ª
2- (d) iqLrd ([k) :i (x) oSQlk (?k) e`x
(Ä) Nk;k (p) panu (N) thou (t) iatkc
3- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p)
9
4- bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
5- (d) laLo`Qfr = l~ $ va $ l~ $ o~Q $ ½ $ r~ $ b
([k) f=kos.kh = r~ $ j~ $ b $ o~ $ , $ .k~ $ bZ
(x) xanxh = x~ $ va $ n~ $ v $ x~ $ bZ
(?k) Ük`axkj = 'k~ $ ½a $ x~ $ vk $ j~ $ v
(Ä) v¡xwBh = v¡ $ x~ $ Å $ B~ $ bZ
6- (d) Kku ([k) nokb;k¡ (x) /qvk¡ (?k) vkxkeh
(Ä) laaca/ (p) vk'khokZn (N) dof;=kh (t) fpg~u
(>) p<+kbZ (×k) vuf/dkj
”kjk lksfp, rks i+ Qu&iQu] iQy&i+ Qy] ”kjk&tjk vkfnA
djosQ nsf[k, ;g xfrfof/ Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
10
laf/kJoining 3
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % laf/ fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; laf/ dh ifjHkk"kk] igpku rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dh tkudkjh nsuk rFkk 'kqn~/ iz;ksx ij cy nsukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA
laf/ laca/h vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsuk vkSj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj] ÝyS'k dkMZ~l vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* dks è;ku ls ns[kus vkSj i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA
rRi'pkr ';keiV ij mlh izdkj osQ oqQN vU; 'kCn fy[ksa vkSj muosQ esy ls cuus okys u, 'kCn iwNsaA
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij crk,¡ fd 'kCn&fuekZ.k dh ;g izfozQ;k laf/ dgykrh gSA
f'k{k.k&laosQr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
11
fu"d"kZ Nk=k laf/ dh igpku djus esa leFkZ gSa rFkk fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj laf/ djosQ 'kCn&fuekZ.k djus rFkk Hksnksa osQ uke crkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
nks o.kks± osQ esy ls mRiUu fodkj dks laf/ dgrs gSaA
laf/ osQ rhu Hksn gksrs gSaµLoj laf/] O;atu laf/ rFkk folxZ laf/A
xq.k laf/µegsanz] egksRlo
o`n~f/ laaf/µ egkSt] oukS"k/
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) egf"kZ ([k) ikod (x) uhjksx (?k) ueLrs
(Ä) lnSo (p) vR;kpkj
2- (d) mr~ $ Toy ([k) fnu $ bZ'oj (x) bfr $ vkfn (?k) rr~ $ yhu
(Ä) dke $ v{kh (p) lansg $ vLin (N) okrkZ $ vkyki (t) fu% $ n~oan~o
(>) cgqr $ vk;r (×k) fu% $ iQy
3- (d) uS $ bdk ([k) fu% $ ey (x) lnk $ ,o (?k) izfr $ bZ{kk
4- (d) okf"kZdksRlo ([k) fueZy (x) lnSo] fi=kkKk (?k) egs'k] izrh{kk
(Ä) ehuk{kh] lw;ksZn;
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
(d) fu"Bqj ([k) ,oSQd (x) ek=kkKk (?k) u;u
(Ä) iou (p) fujk'kk (N) rFkSo (t) ifo=k
121212
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % 'kCn&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; 'kCn&jpuk rFkk 'kCn oxhZdj.k dh tkudkjh nsukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dks fodklA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
'kCn ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj] pkVZ isij vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* xfrfof/ dks è;ku ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr rRi'pkr ml ij vk/kfjr NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj Nk=kksa ds fopkj tkusaA larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij mi&fo"k; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
mi&fo"k;@'kh"kZd ';keiV ij fy[ksaA
lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
'kCn&fopkjMorphology 4
13
fu"d"kZ Nk=k jpuk rFkk mRifRr ds vk/kj ij 'kCnksa dh igpku dj ikrs gSa rFkk 'kCnksa ds Hksn Hkh crk ldrs gSaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks o.kks± osQ lkFkZd lewg dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA
ns'k esa izpfyr vke cksypky dh Hkk"kkvksa ls vk, izpfyr 'kCn ns'kt dgykrs gSaA
cukoV dh n`f"V ls 'kCn rhu izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) 'kCn ([k) nks (x) rRle (?k) pkj
2- (d) xk¡o ([k) dku (x) nk¡r (?k) vkB
(Ä) gkFkh (p) ngh
3- (d) pkSdh ([k) dk;kZy; (x) HkkX; (?k) lekpkj&i=k
(Ä) fpfdRld (p) èofu
4- (d) ;kSfxd ([k) :<+ (x) :<+ (?k) ;ksx:<+
(Ä) ;kSfxd (p) ;ksx:<+
5- (d) fons'kh ([k) fons'kh (x) ns'kt (?k) rRle
(Ä) ns'kt (p) ns'kt (N) rRle (t) fons'kh
6- (d) lkr ([k) eq¡g] ikuh (x) ngh (?k) ?kj
(Ä) lk¡i] ”kgjhyk
”kjk lksfp, rks bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k viuh le> osQ vuqlkj nsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, ;g xfrfof/ Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
14
'kCn&HkaMkjVocabulary 5
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % 'kCn&HkaMkj fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij 'kCnksa dh tkudkjhA
'kCnksa dh igpku djkuk rFkk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ Kku o iz;ksx ij cy nsukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl dk;Z djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* xfrfof/ dks è;ku ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k 'kCnksa ds i;kZ;] foykse vkfn ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaA okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn crkus esa leFkZ gSa rFkk vusdkFkhZ 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ crkus dk iz;kl Hkh djrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
15
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
i;kZ;okph 'kCn
”kjk crkb, rks
^i;kZ;okph* dk vFkZ gSµleku vFkZ okykA
ou osQ nks i;kZ; gSaµdkuu] vj.;A
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ikuh] uhj ([k) xkS] xk; (x) i{kh] [kx (?k) igkM+] ioZr
(Ä) gLr] dj (p) ckny] ty/j (N) v'o] ?kksM+k (t) d.kZ] dku
2- (d) eq[kµonu ([k) fctyhµnkfeuh (x) lkxjµtyf/ (?k) tudµrkr
(Ä) dks;yµ';kek (p) vkuanµg"kZ (N) lksukµgse (t) ;qn~/µlej
(>) iq=khµlqrk (×k) mRloµioZ
3- (d) jtr ([k) oklj (x) e;wj (?k) tud
(Ä) lgksnjk (p) fnudj (N) narh (t) uHk
(>) rks; (×k) vuy
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
foykse 'kCn
”kjk crkb, rks
foykse dk vFkZ gSµfoijhr ;k myVkA
^¯unk* dk foykseµLrqfrA
^vuqt* dk foykseµvxztA
16
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ?k`.kk ([k) dBksj (x) vU;k; (?k) var
(Ä) iznku (p) ¯glk (N) v'kqn~/ (t) ohj
2- (d) dk;j ([k) mnkl (x) cspuk (?k) Fky
(Ä) ljnh (p) ?k`.kk
3- (d) vkylh ([k) gkfu (x) vuqt (?k) efyu
(Ä) ikrky
4- (d) vieku ([k) iznku (x) ?k`.kk (?k) dksey
(Ä) iq.; (p) izLFkku (N) vfuPNk (t) ej.k
5- (d) lqxe µ lkgl osQ lkFk vkxs c<+us ij lHkh ekxZ lqxe gks tkrs gSaA
([k) ijk/hu µ ijk/hu gksdj dksbZ lq[kh ugha jg ldrkA
(x) iki µ euq"; dks iki ls nwj jguk pkfg,A
(?k) var µ lHkk osQ var esa iz/kukpk;Z us Hkk"k.k fn;kA
(Ä) nqHkkZX; µ nqHkkZX;o'k lM+d nq?kZVuk esa dchj ?kk;y gks x;kA
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn
”kjk crkb, rks
izR;{k vtj
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) cs'keZ ([k) Jksrk (x) vukFk (?k) nqyZHk
(Ä) vR;kpkjh (p) funksZ"k
2- (d) esjk 'kgjh fe=k dy vk jgk gSA
([k) gekjh d{kk esa uhjtk uke dh yM+dh] tks e`nqHkk"kh gSA
17
(x) iz/kuea=kh osQ lkeus izR;sd lkaln us 'kiFk yhA
(?k) vkRek vej gSA
(Ä) eSa fgeky; ij tkuk pkgrk gw¡] D;ksafd og n'kZuh; gSA
3- (d) nqxZe ([k) e`nqHkk"kh (x) dfo (?k) o`QrK
(Ä) uHkpj
4- (d) bfrgkl ls laca/ j[kus okyk ([k) tks fp=k cuk,
(x) iqjk.k ls laca/ j[kus okyk (?k) tks iq#"k dfork jprk gS
(Ä) tks midkj u ekurk gks (p) dke djus okyk
(N) eghus esa ,d ckj gksus okyk (t) tks vusd Hkk"kk,¡ cksyrk gks
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,1-v xz t
3-fu ok lh
e4-oS M
5-i
2-j Kk j fj
{k fu6-Jks rk ozQ
8-n
d d ek 'kZ7-lq y Hk d
Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCn
”kjk crkb, rks
tks lquus es leku yxs] ijarq vyx vFkZ nsA
/uq µ /uq"k] /suq µ xk;
18
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) bl oLrq dk ewY; 40 #i;s gSA
([k) vkt cgqr xje vfuy cg jgh gSA
(x) bl dk;Z dk ifj.kke vPNk ugha gksxkA
(?k) lkjk vUu bdV~Bk dj xksnke esa j[kksA
(Ä) vke dk vpkj cgqr Lokfn"V gSA
2- (d) rjax = ygj = unh esa rjaxsa mB jgh FkhaA
rqjax = ?kksM+k = rqjax rhoz xfr ls Hkkxus yxkA
([k) esy = feyki = nksuksa 'k=kqvksa esa esy gks x;kA
eSy = xanxh = eu dk eSy lki+ Q djuk vko';d gSA
(x) deZ = dke = euq"; dks iQy dh ¯prk osQ fcuk viuk deZ djuk pkfg,A
ozQe = flyflyk = lHkh 'kCnksa dks 'kCndks'k osQ ozQe ls fy[kksA
3- (d) v'o ([k) vyh (x) /uq (?k) lwr
(Ä) uhM+ (p) ekr` (N) vuy
4- (d) ek=kHkDr µ ekr`HkDr ([k) ifjek.k µ ifj.kke
(x) uhj µ uhM+ (?k) brj µ b=k
(Ä) vknh µ vkfn
”kjk lksfp, rks
ewy] ewY;
fnu] nhu
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
vusdkFkZd 'kCn
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) xzg] fnu dk uke ([k) xk;] i`Foh
(x) ?kM+k] de (?k) ve`r] ty
19
2- (d) vFkZ (/u) µ lsB us cgqr vFkZ laxzg dj fy;kA
vFkZ (eryc) µ ek¡] papy dk vFkZ le>k nhft,A
([k) xfr (gkyr) µ ?kk;y dh xfr ?kk;y gh le> ldrk gSA
xfr (pky) µ eqoqqQy ean xfr ls ekxZ ij py iM+kA
(x) ikuh (ty) µ ;k=kh ikuh dh ryk'k esa HkVd jgk FkkA
ikuh (ped) µ dHkh viuh vk¡[k dk ikuh de ugha gksus nsukA
3- (d) yM+dh ([k) papy iq#"k (x) iq”kkZ (?k) frudk
4- (d) gFkkSM+k ([k) xksn (x) fdj.k (?k) gkFkh
(Ä) lw;Z
”kjk lksfp, rks
xfr osQ vFkZµ pky] gkyr vkSj eks{k gSaA
djosQ nsf[k,
vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ lg;ksx ls Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
20
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl dh igpku rFkk milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl osQ izdkjksa ls ifjp;A
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku djkukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsus esa l{ke cukukA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl dk;Z djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djsaxsA
larks"ktud mRrj ikus ij mn~ns'; ,oa mi&fo"k; dh ?kks"k.k djsax rFkk ';keiV ij mifo"k; fy[ksaxsA
f'k{k.k&laosQr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl
Prefi x, Suffi x and Compound
6
21
fu"d"kZ Nk=k fofo/ milxks±] izR;;ksa ,oa lekl ;qDr 'kCnksa dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx dj ldus esa leFkZ gSaA os milxks±] izR;;ksa ,oa lekl dk iz;ksx djosQ 'kCn&jpuk djus dk iz;kl Hkh djrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
milxZ”kjk crkb, rks 'kCn osQ vkjaHk esa tqM+dj u, 'kCn cukus okys 'kCnka'k milxZ dgykrs gSaA mnwZ Hkk"kk osQ nks milxZ gSaµ^cs* rFkk ^[kq'k*A ^mi*µmiukeA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) [kyuk;d ([k) vU;k; (x) vi'koqQu (?k) mi&jk"Vªifr (Ä) xSjgkf”kj (p) oqQiq=k (N) lqxa/ (t) v/ejk (>) HkjisV 2- (d) fu"dke] voxq.kksa] ijksidkjA ([k) vugksuh] vk'kadk] fuMjA 3- (d) vfr µ vR;f/d] vfr'k; ([k) lq µ lqoaaQB] lqfopkj (x) [kq'k µ [kq'kgky] [kq'kuqek (?k) vo µ voufr] vorkj (Ä) v µ viyd] vKku 4- (d) vpwd ([k) miou (x) ijkt; (?k) nq?kZVuk (Ä) vuknj 5- (d) ifj $ ozQek ([k) ij $ v/hu (x) ijk $ ftr (?k) lq $ iq=k (Ä) vo $ xq.k (p) ge $ 'kDy (N) cn $ g”keh (t) mu $ pkl (>) vfr $ vkpkj (×k) vfr $ fjDr
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, gkj µ migkj] lagkj] izfrgkj] izgkj Hkko µ vHkko] izHkko] LoHkko] nqHkkZo uke µ miuke] cnuke] xqeuke] vuke t; µ vt;] ijkt;] fot;] lqt;
22
izR;;
”kjk crkb, rks
'kCn osQ var esa tqM+dj u, 'kCn cukus okys 'kCnka'k izR;; dgykrs gSaA ;s nks izdkj osQ gksrs
gSaaµo`Qr izR;; rFkk rn~f/r izR;;A
^vkowQ*µi<+kowQ] yM+kowQA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ?kcjkgV ([k) xkM+hoku (x) yM+kbZ
(?k) nw/okyk (Ä) lkfgR;dkj] fp=kdkj
2- (d) vkoV µ fy[kkoV µ r#"k us lqanj fy[kkoV esa i=k fy[kkA
([k) iu µ cpiu µ cpiu osQ fnu lnk ;kn vkrs gSaA
(x) bZyk µ ”kgjhyk µ ukx cgqr ”kgjhyk gksrk gSA
(?k) bd µ ukfod µ ukfod us ukSdk fdukjs ij yxk nhA
3- (d) cukjl $ bZ ([k) ”kgj $ bZyk (x) p<+ $ vkok
(?k) viuk $ Ro (Ä) i<+ $ vkowQ
4- (d) ysunkj ([k) ifBr (x) ltuk
(?k) iFkjhyk (Ä) Nfy;k (p) HkqyDdM+
”kjk lksfp, rks
ifjiw.kZrk vKkurk midkjh
ifj $ iw.kZ $ rk v $ Kku $ rk mi $ dkj $ bZ
djosQ nsf[k,
euh"k tkurk Fkk fd og ijh{kk esa liQyrk ugha ik ldrkA lkjk lky mlus ykijokgh dh FkhA ekrk&firk ls viekfur gksus dk Mj FkkA ;g lkspdj mldk eu O;fFkr gks x;kA mls bl gky esa cSBk ns[kdj ek¡ us mls izksRlkgu nsrs gq, dgk] ¶csVk] nq[kh er gksA ;fn rqeus lkyHkj i<+kbZ dh gksrh rks ;g gky u gksrkA leL;k dk lekuk djksA eqlhcr ls eq¡g eksM+uk dk;jrk gSA
23
lekl
”kjk crkb, rks 'kCnksa osQ lewg dks laf{kIr djosQ u;k 'kCn cukus dh izfozQ;k ^lekl* dgykrh gSA deZ/kj; lekl esa iwoZ rFkk mRrj&in esa fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; dk laca/ gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr
cgqozhfg lekl esa nksuksa in iz/ku ugha gksrs] dksbZ vU; in iz/ku gksrk gSA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ?kqM+lokj ([k) n'kkuu (x) frjaxk (?k) tUeka/ (Ä) jkrksajkr
2- (d) pkj Hkqtkvksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl ([k) ik¡p vkuu gSa ftlosQ µ cgqozhfg lekl (x) ik¡p vkcksa dk lewg µ n~foxq lekl (?k) pkj eq[k gSa ftlosQ µ cgqozhfg lekl (Ä) ik¡p ra=kksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl (p) rhu iQyksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl
3- (d) ?kksM+s ij lokj µ rRiq#"k lekl ([k) Hkyk gS tks ekul µ deZ/kj; lekl (x) jkr vkSj fnu µ n~oan~o lekl (?k) ukS jkrksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl (Ä) lqanj ykspu gSa tks µ deZ/kj; (p) xt osQ leku vkuu gS ftldk µ cgqozhfg
4- (d) nsoky; µ rRiq#"k lekl ([k) frjkgk µ n~foxq lekl (x) egknso µ cgqozhfg lekl (?k) HkjisV µ vO;;hHkko lekl (Ä) ;'k&vi;'k µ n~oan~o lekl (p) gkFkksa&gkFk µ vO;;hHkko lekl
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
24
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % laKk fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; laKk dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k ,oa ys[ku ij cyA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
laKk ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj ÝyS'k dkMZ~l] pkVZ vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us ds fy, dgsaxsA rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaxsA
Nk=kksa ls dgsa fd os vuqPNsn ls O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] Hkko vkfn osQ uke crk,¡A
larks"ktud mRrj ikdj 'kh"kZd dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
vè;kid ';keiV ij mifo"k;@'kh"kZd fy[ksaxsA
f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ^eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* dh lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
laKkNoun 7
25
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k laKk dh igpku rFkk Hksnksa dks ukekafdr djus esa leFkZ gSaA os Hkkookpd laKk cukuk Hkh lh[k x, gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] izk.kh] LFkku] Hkko vkfn osQ uke dks laKk dgrs gSaA laKk ds rhu Hksn gksrs gSaA
O;fDrokpd laKk 'kCn fdlh fo'ks"k izk.kh] oLrq LFkku vkfn dk cks/ djkrs gSaA blosQ foijhr tkfrokpd laKk 'kCn fdlh izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku vkfn dh laiw.kZ tkfr dh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA
rksrk & tkfrokpd laKk] feV~Bw & O;fDrokpd laKkA
lqnaj & lqnajrk] 'kkar & 'kkafrA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) ([k) (x)
(?k) (Ä)
2- (d) O;fDrokpd laKk & jk;iqj] ;equk] Hkxrflag] usgk] jhrs'k
([k) tkfrokpd laKk & ioZr] oL=k] Nk=kk] eNyh] Hkou
3- (d) dkjhxjh ([k) xq#Ro (x) thr (?k) Bxh
(Ä) eerk (?k) 'k=kqrk (N) gkj (t) /qykbZ
(>) viukiu (×k) ykyh (V) dBksjrk (B) ;ksX;rk
4- (d) BaM ([k) ltkoV (x) gksf'k;kjh
(?k) flapkbZ (Ä) Øks/
5- (d) xqykc & tkfrokpd laKk] lqxa/ & Hkkookpd laKk
([k) yM+dksa & tkfrokpd laKk] gksyh & O;fDrokpd laKk
(x) Hkkjr & O;fDrokpd laKk] ns'k & tkfrokpd laKk
26
(?k) pqVoqQyk & tkfrokpd laKk] g¡lh & Hkkookpd laKk
(Ä) gkfFk;ksa & tkfrokpd laKk] >qaM & tkfrokpd laKk (lewgokpd)
(p) ikuh µ tkfrokpd laKk (nzO;okpd)
6- (d) fgeky; ([k) c`gLifr (x) phu (?k) iz'kkar egklkxj
(Ä) ,f'k;k
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
27
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % ¯yx fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; ¯yx dh igpku] Hksn rFkk fu;eksa dh tkudkjh nsukA Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA ¯yax ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'u gy djus esa l{ke cukukA jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^¯yx* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgsaxsA
rRi'pkr ml ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djasxsA
larks"ktud mRrj ikdj 'kh"kZd dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ^eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* dh lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku vkfn osQ ¯yx dh igpku dj ldrs gSaaA ¯yx cnyus osQ fu;eksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ gSa rFkk ¯yx cnyus esa leFkZ gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
fyaxGender 8
28
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks L=kh ;k iq#"k tkfr dk cks/ djkus okys 'kCn ¯yx dgykrs gSaA fØ;k osQ :i ls ¯yx dh igpku dh tk ldrh gSA ikBdµikfBdk] ohjµohjkaxukA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- iq¯Yyx L=kh¯yx (d) pkoy I;kyh ([k) Hkkjr] tiku µ (x) jfo uhjk (?k) tky unh (Ä) Nk=k Nk=kk
2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) + 3- (d) f'kf{kdk d{kk esa i<+k jgh gSaA ([k) vk;q"erh Hko! (x) Å¡Vuh jsfxLrku dk tgk”k gSA (?k) ikfBdkvksa us ikB dh iz'kalk dhA (Ä) lsBkuh us cgqr 'kksj epk;kA
4- (d) lsfodk ([k) yM+fd;ksa (x) nknk (?k) xk;d (Ä) xq.koku
5- (d) nsojkuh ([k) eknk Hkkyw (x) lR;orh (?k) yykbu (M-) :iorh (?k) banzk.kh (N) 'ksjuh (t) HkkHkh (>) Hkhyuh (×k) ysf[kdk
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
iq¯Yyx L=kh¯yx
dkdk] ykyk] dku] ea=kh] ?kj] dkty] ikmMj] dk¡Vs] la=kh] fo/k;d] Hkkjr] uj] ek;dk] llqjky] daMDVj
yykbu] nqdku] ukd] ljdkj] ukjh] lokjh] felky] cl
29
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % opu fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; opu dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk opu cnyus osQ fu;eksa dh tkudkjhA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA
opu ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kus nsus esa le{k cukukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^opu* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* djus osQ fy, dgsaA
rRi'pkr Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ml ij ppkZ djsaA muosQ fopkj tkusaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k opu osQ :iksa rFkk opu cnyus osQ fu;eksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ gSaA os opu cny ldrs gSa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
opuNumber 9
30
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mldh la[;k dh tkudkjh feyrh gS] og opu dgykrk gSA
,dopu rFkk cgqopuA
ikuh] o"kkZA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ekyk,¡ ([k) cgusa (x) 'kk[kk,¡ (?k) #i;s (Ä) ;qok (?k) iqfM+;k (N) ydfM+;k¡ (t) i{kh
(>) cqf<+;k¡ (×k) ½rq,¡
2- (d) v¡èksjs dejs esa eksecfRr;k¡ ty jgh gSaaA
([k) yM+osQ eSnku esa nkSM+ jgs gSaA
(x) lSfud ny dnerky dj jgk gSA
(?k) d{kkvksa esa ia[ks can dj nksA
(Ä) Nk=kx.k ijh{kk,¡ ns jgs gSaA
3- (d) ckyVh esa ikuh Hkj x;kA ([k) fon~;k cqn~f/erh L=kh gSA
(x) mldh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw fudy x,A (?k) mlosQ izk.k fudy x,A
(Ä) ehjk dks vusd migkj feysA
4- (d) if{k;ksa ([k) tkfr;ksa] /eks± (x) nq?kZVuk,¡ (?k) nqdkuksa
(Ä) ufn;ksa
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
31
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % dkjd fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; dkjd dh igpku] Hksn rFkk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku rFkk iz;ksxA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
dkjd ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kus dk vH;kl djokukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraaHk dks
è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaxsA
rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaxsA
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB
è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa
vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,
vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
dkjdCase 10
32
fu"d"kZ Nk=k lHkh dkjd&fpg~uksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mudk iz;ksx djus esa Hkh leFkZ gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
laKk ;k loZuke osQ ftl :i ls mldk laca/ fozQ;k ls tkuk tkrk gS] og dkjd dgykrk gSA dkjd osQ vkB Hksn gksrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- osQ µ laca/ dkjd] esa µ vf/dj.k] us µ drkZ dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] esa µ vf/dj.k dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] dk µ laca/ dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] ij µ vf/dj.k dkjd] dh µ laca/ dkjd ls µ dj.k dkjd 2- (d) osQ fy, µ euq"; osQ fy, oqQN Hkh vlaHko ugha gSA ([k) ij µ Nr ij dkyk dkSvk dk¡o&dk¡o dj jgk gSA (x) ls µ uohu lk¡i ls Mjrk gSA (?k) ls µ fdlku gy ls [ksr tksrrk gSA (Ä) dks µ Nk=k vè;kid dks mRrj iqfLrdk fn[kkus yxkA 3- (d) ls] osQ ([k) us] dks (x) vjs (?k) ls (Ä) osQ fy, (p) ls (N) us] dks 4- (d) ls ([k) us] esa (x) ij (?k) osQ fy, (Ä) ls (p) vjs 5- (d) dj.k ([k) vf/dj.k (x) dj.k (?k) viknku (Ä) drkZ] deZ (p) laiznku
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
33
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % loZuke fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; loZuke dks Hksnksa osQ vk/kj ij igpkuukA
loZuke dk O;kogkfjd iz;ksxA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
loZuke ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^loZuke* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid
mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy,
dgasaA
rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij
mifo"k; rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB
è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa
vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,
vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
loZukePronoun 11
34
fu"d"kZ Nk=k ljyrk ls loZuke 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa Hksnksa osQ vk/kj
ij ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaaA os loZuke osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx esa Hkh l{ke gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
laKk osQ LFkku ij iz;ksx fd, tkus okys 'kCn loZuke dgykrs gSaA
Nk=k Lo;a crk,¡xsA
tc loZuke 'kCn drkZ osQ lkFk viukiu izdV djus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) ge µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke
([k) esjh µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke
(x) oqQN µ vfu'p;okpd loZuke
(?k) vius&vki µ futokpd loZuke 2- (d) tks] og ([k) dksbZ (x) vki (?k) geus
(Ä) vius&vki@Lo;a@[kqn
3- (d) rqeus fdls viuk usrk pquk gS\
([k) eq>s rqels dksbZ eryc ugha gSA
(x) ;gk¡ ns[kks] fdlh osQ iSjksa osQ fu'kku fn[k jgs gSaA
(?k) ftlus [kkuk ugha [kk;k] mls l”kk feyhA
4- (d) futokpd ([k) iq#"kokpd (x) fu'p;okpd (?k) laca/okpd
5- (d) NksVk cPpk vius&vki lks x;kA ([k) rqEgsa D;k pkfg,\
(x) tks dguk ekusxk] og lkFk tk,xkA (?k) eq>s [kkus osQ fy, oqQN ns nhft,A
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
35
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % fo'ks"k.k fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; fo'ks"k.k dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
Hkk"kk&Kku iq"V djukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
fo'ks"k.k ij vk/kfjr vH;kl dk;Z djukA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ̂ fo'ks"k.k* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgasaA
rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd oSQlk vkSj fdrus dh tkudkjh nsus okys ;s 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fo'ks"k.kAdjective 12
36
fu"d"kZ Nk=k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgas Hksnksa osQ vuqlkj ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaA fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh lh[k jgs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk izdV djus okys 'kCn loZuke dgykrs gSaA
fo'ks";A
tks laKk 'kCn osQ LFkku ij vkrs gSa] os loZuke 'kCn gksrs gSa] blosQ foijhr tks loZuke 'kCn
laKk ls igys vkdj mldh fo'ks"krk izdV djrs gSa] os lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kµ (d) nks lkS yhVj (x) oqQN iQy] oqQN ehVj
la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k µ ([k) nks ntZu] lkS #i;s (?k) nl g”kkj (Ä) ik¡p
2- (d) Øks/h ([k) HkqyDdM+ (x) pk¡nuh (?k) vxyk
(Ä) ge&lk (p) ioZrh;
3- (d) mRrekoLFkk ([k) ewykoLFkk (x) mRrekoLFkk (?k) mRrjkoLFkk
(Ä) ewykoLFkk (p) ewykoLFkk
4- fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd µ (d) nks ,dM+ ([k) ik¡p fdyks (Ä) vkB ehVj
vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd µ (x) oqQN yhVj (?k) FkksM+k (p) FkksM+k&lk
5- (d) cM+h] goknkj] 'kkar ([k) lqanj] jax&fcjaxk] [kq'kcwnkj
(x) fo'kky] fueZy] ioZrh; (?k) Å¡pk] fo'kky] gjk&Hkjk
(Ä) n;kyq] ifjJeh] bZekunkj
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ ekxZn'kZu esa Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
37
vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1
1- (d) O;kdj.k ([k) fyfi (x) nsoukxjh (?k) Hkk"kk (Ä) fyf[kr
2- (d) o~Q$½$i~$vk ([k) i~$v$j~$bZ$o~Q$"k~$vk (x) e~$v$g~$v$j~$"k~$b (?k) p~$va$p~$v$y~$v
3- (d) fo'ks"k ([k) iM+ksl (x) fu"iQy (?k) ijh{kk
(Ä) o`Qik (p) jpf;rk
4- (d) mn~?kkVuµO;atu laf/ ([k) ukfodµv;kfn laf/
(x) laoknµO;atu laf/
5- (d) uhyk oaQB gS ftldk µ cgqozhfg lekl ([k) ukS jkrksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl
(x) 'kfDr osQ vuqlkj µ vO;;hHkko lekl
6- (d) vuq µ vuqlkj] vuqowQy ([k) Ro µ iq#"kRo] ukjhRo
(x) izfr µ izfrgkj] izfrowQy (?k) iwoZd µliQyrkiwoZd] fou;iwoZd
7- rRle µ nqX/] x`g rn~Hko µ [ksr] pk¡n
ns'kt µ FkSyk] ixM+h fons'kh µ LVs'ku] lkbfdy
;kSfxd µ ikB'kkyk] jlksbZ?kj ;ksx:<+ µ n'kkuu] iadt
8- (d) ok;q µ lehj] iou ([k) jktk µ u`i] ujs'k
9- (d) fujk'kk ([k) lkSHkkX; (x) mrjko (?k) izkphu
10- (d) uhj µ uhj osQ fcuk thou vlaHko gSA uhM+ µ laè;k osQ le; i{kh uhM+ dks ykSV pysA
([k) 'kksd µ nknk th dh e`R;q ij 'kksd lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA 'kkSd µ jktIik dks fVdV tek djus dk 'kkSd gSA
11- (d) vk¡xu µ tkfrokpd laKk_ gd vkSj cgkj µ Hkkookpd laKk ([k) dkx”k] ph”ksa µ tkfrokpd laKk_ ltkoV µ Hkkookpd laKk (x) xka/h th µ O;fDrokpd laKk_ lEeku µ Hkkookpd laKk
(?k) <ksyk&ek: µ O;fDrokpd laKk_ jktLFkku µ O;fDrokpd laKk
38
12- (d) Vksihokyk] xkM+hoku ([k) i<+kowQ] Fkdku
(x) lqanjrk] cqn~f/ekuh (?k) cgknqjh
13- (d) drkZ] deZ ([k) lacks/u (x) deZ] viknku (?k) laiznku
14- mUgksaus] mudh] mlus µ vU; iq#"kokpd loZuke
eSa] eq>s µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke
vki µ eè;e iq#"kokpd loZuke
D;k µ iz'uokpd loZuke
oqQN µ vfu'p;okpd loZuke
15- (d) oqQN µ vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ([k) ubZ µ xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (x) nks fdyks µ fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (?k) Ng µ fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k
39
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % fØ;k fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; fozQ;k dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku rFkk iz;ksxA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl
fozQ;k ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
fozQ;k osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx ij cyA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^fozQ;k* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgasaA
rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd oSQlk vkSj fdrus dh tkudkjh nsus okys ;s 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
fØ;kVerb 13
40
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k fozQ;k 'kCnksa dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSa rFkk vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij mlosQ Hksnksa dks ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA fozQ;k 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dj ikrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
'kCn osQ ftl :i ls fdlh dke osQ gksus ;k djus dk cks/ gks] og fozQ;k dgykrk gSA
deZ osQ vk/kj ij fozQ;k osQ nks Hksn gksrs gSaµvdeZd rFkk ldeZd fozQ;kA
ldeZd fozQ;k dh igpku osQ fy, fozQ;k ls igys D;k@fdls yxkdj iz'u djus ls ;fn mRrj feyrk gS] rc fozQ;k ldeZd gksrh gSA
n~fodeZd fozQ;k osQ mnkgj.k Nk=k Lo;a nsaxsA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) i<+uk ([k) cSBk (x) /ksrk (?k) fxjrk] cgrh
(Ä) jksus
2- (d) vdeZd fozQ;k ([k) vdeZd fozQ;k
(x) ldeZd fozQ;k (?k) vdeZd fozQ;k
(Ä) vdeZd fozQ;k (p) vdeZd fozQ;k
(N) ldeZd fozQ;k (t) ldeZd fozQ;k
(>) vdeZd fozQ;k (×k) ldeZd fozQ;k
41
3- drkZ fozQ;k
(d) ek/oh vk,xh
([k) johanz fd;k
(x) nsokax j[k fn;k
(?k) o`n~/k py jgh gS
(Ä) vkjk/uk fy[krh gS
4- deZ fozQ;k
(d) uhrw] lkM+h dh
([k) lC”kh dVokrk gS
(x) [khj cuk jgh gS
(?k) isM+ p<+ x,
(Ä) iqLrosaQ i<+ha
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
42
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % dky fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; dky dh igpku rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
dky ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsus esa l{ke cukukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku rFkk iz;ksxA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA
Nk=kksa ls vkl&ikl osQ okrkoj.k ls oqQN mnkgj.k nsrs gq, iz'u iwNsaaA larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
dkyTense 14
43
fu"d"kZ Nk=k rhuksa dkyksa dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaaA dky osQ Hksnksa dks igpkudj mUgsa ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks dky gesa dke osQ gksus osQ le; dh tkudkjh nsrk gSA dky osQ rhu Hksn gksrs gSaA HkwrdkyA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) [kifPp;ksa ls rjg&rjg dh Vksfi;k¡ Hkh cukbZ tkrh FkhaA ([k) fL=k;k¡ lewg esa xk,¡xhA (x) mnwZ] ¯gnh ;k vaxzs”kh lh[ksus osQ fy, rqEgsa mlosQ v{kj lh[kus gksaxsA (?k) iyd us i<+kbZ esa viuh cgu dh enn dhA (Ä) og ifjJe djrk gS] blfy, liQy gSA
2- (d) djrs jgrs Fks µ Hkwrdky µ ldeZd fozQ;k ([k) ns[k jgs gSa µ orZeku dky µ ldeZd fozQ;k (x) xw¡t mBk µ Hkwrdky µ ldeZd fozQ;k (?k) gksrk gS µ orZekudky µ vdeZd fozQ;k (Ä) dj yh gS µ orZekudky µ ldeZd fozQ;k 3- bu lkjh xfrfof/;ksa ls vutku NksVw vkxs c<+ jgk gSA tkus dgk¡ ls flikgh nkSM+s pys vk jgs
gSa vkSj mldks idM+dj okil NksM+ jgs gSaA ?kj ij ek¡ mldk bar”kkj dj jgh gSA cl] vc mldh [kSfj;r ugha gSa mlosQ ikik ugha gS] rks mldk cpko eqf'dy gSA
4- (d) lqukrh ([k) [kk;k (x) ns[kh (?k) vk, (Ä) tk,¡xsA
”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k, Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
44
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % vfodkjh 'kCn fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; vfodkjh 'kCnksa dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i ij cy nsukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk iz;ksx djukA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>dj mRrj fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaxsA
rRi'pkr ml ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djsaxsA
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
vfodkjh 'kCnIndeclinable Words
15
45
fu"d"kZ Nk=k fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] laca/cks/d] leqPp;cks/d rFkk foLe;kfncks/d 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx djus dk iz;kl vkSj vH;kl Hkh djrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
”kjk crkb, rks fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk izdV djus okys 'kCn fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA
fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k osQ pkj Hksn gksrs gSaA
fo'ks"k.k 'kCn laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa] tcfd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) /hjs&ls ([k) uhps (x) jksuh (?k) Mjrs&Mjrs
2- (d) ukxjktu us 'kh?kz gh x`gdk;Z lekIr dj fy;kA
([k) ckgj lqfer [kM+k gSA
(x) vHkh gesa FkksM+k Bgjuk pkfg,A
(?k) vpkud o"kkZ gksus yxhA
3- (d) ckgj µ LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] tYnh ls µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k]
Åij µ LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] nqckjk µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
rs”kh ls µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] >V µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k]
4- (d) ckgj ([k) osQ Åij
(x) /hjs&/hjs (?k) fou;iwoZd
(Ä) tYnh ls] vanj] ,d vksj] uhps
46
laca/cks/d
”kjk crkb, rks
laca/cks/d 'kCn nks laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa esa laca/ crkrs gSaA
lac/acks/d 'kCn nks laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa esa laca/ crkrs gSa] blosQ foijhr fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn fozQ;k 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) osQ Hkhrj ([k) osQ ikl (x) osQ Åij (?k) osQ lkFk
(Ä) ls vf/d
2- osQ Åij] osQ lkeus] osQ Åij] osQ fcuk
3- (d) cPpks! ?kj ls nwj er tkukA
([k) ;k=kh rkykc dh vksj py iM+sA
(x) lkgl osQ fcuk eqlhcr dk lkeuk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
(?k) Hkhe osQ leku cyoku dksbZ ugha gSA
(Ä) Mj osQ ekjs uhye osQ ik¡o dk¡ius yxsA
leqPp;cks/d
”kjk crkb, rks Nk=k ifBr ikB osQ vk/kj ij nksuksa iz'uksa osQ mRrj Lo;a nsaxsA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) vU;Fkk ([k) vkSj (x) ijarq (?k) ;k (Ä) rks (p) fd
2- rks] vkSj] ysfdu] blfy,] fd] tks] rFkk
3- (d) ek/o fon~;ky; ugha x;k] D;ksafd mls cq[kkj gSA
([k) ekU;k uhfyek osQ iM+ksl esa ugha] cfYd mlosQ lkFk gh jgrh gSA
(x) iadt vFkkZr iad esa mRiUuA
(?k) dhM+s dks ijs'kku er djks] ojuk dkV ysxkA
(Ä) vki esjs ?kj pysaxs ;k ugh\
47
foLe;kfncks/d
”kjk crkb, rks eu osQ Hkkoksa lsA
g"kZ] nq[k] 'kksd] vk'p;Z] ?k`.kk] lacks/u] iz'kalk vkfnA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) mi+ Q! ([k) vjs! (x) okg! (?k) fN%! (Ä) 'kkck'k!
2- (d) D;k! rqeus ml cPps dks ekjk gS\
([k) cki js! bruk cM+k lk¡iA
(x) okg! fdruk lqanj fp=k gSA
(?k) vgk! fdruk vPNk ekSle gSA
3- (d) lko/ku! µ psrkouh
([k) nqj~! µ frjLdkj
(x) vjs! µ vk'p;Z
(?k) cgqr [kwc! µ iz'kalk
(Ä) vgk! µ g"kZ
4- (d) gk;&gk;! cgqr nnZ gks jgk gSA
([k) NksM+ks Hkh! eSa bls le>k nw¡xk lcA
(x) lp! D;k chekjh gS ;gA
(?k) okg! rqeus rks [kwc vPNk ifj.kke fn;kA
(Ä) th gk¡! psgjk ,dne li+ sQn iM+ x;k gSA
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
osQ fudV] osQ lkeus] vkSj] izseiwoZd] ijarq] rHkh] vkSj] osQ lkeus] vkSj] ls ckgj] osQ izfr]
D;ksafd] izfrfnu] ¯drq] ijarq
48
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % okD; fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; okD; jpuk rFkk okD; osQ Hksnksa ls ifjp;A
Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
okD; ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'u djukA
okD; osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx dks n`<+ djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^okD;* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSa] mlh iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA
rRi'pkr Nk=kksa ls ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
okD;Sentence 16
49
fu"d"kZ Nk=k okD; esa mn~ns'; rFkk fo/s; dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaA okD; dks jpuk rFkk vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh okD;&jpuk dk
vH;kl Hkh djrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
'kCnksa osQ lkFkZd esy lsA
mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s;A
jpuk vkSj vFkZ osQ vk/kj ijA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) lkFkZd ([k) in (x) nks] mn~ns';] fo/s;
(?k) fo'ks"k.k (Ä) deZ osQ fo'ks"k.k] fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k
2- (d) jktIik ukxjktu osQ ?kj igq¡pdj Åij x;kA
([k) mlus ,d&,d djosQ fVdV tek fd, FksA
(x) vc varfj{k ;ku ls ,d ;kaf=kd gkFk ckgj fudykA
(?k) NksVw osQ ikik lksp esa Mwc x,A
(Ä) vc rd nqfu;k esa djksM+ksa iqLrosaQ Ni pqdh gSaaA
3- mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) euq"; us µ rk¡cs vkSj dk¡ls osQ vkS”kkj cuk,A
([k) osQ'ko µ bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN nsj rd u ns ldkA
(x) eksgu µ Hkyk dc i<+us okyk gSA
(?k) deh”k ls vk¡lw iksaNrk jktIik µ uhps vk x;kA
4- (d) ukxjktu nkSM+dj jktIik osQ ikl igq¡pkA
([k) varfj{k ;ku mM+dj panzek ij igq¡pkA
(x) osQ'ko us Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkrs gq, >q¡>ykdj dgkA
(?k) v{kjksa ls cuh fyfi;ksa dk egRo gSA
50
5- (d) fu"ks/kRed ([k) laosQrokpd (x) vkKkokpd (?k) iz'uokpkd
(Ä) fo/kuokpd (p) foLe;okpd (N) lansgokpd
6- (d) 'kk;n og i<+ jgk gSA ([k) rqe ogk¡ ugha tkvksxsA
(x) vkius Hkkstu dj fy;kA (?k) vkidh gjsd bPNk iwjh gksA
(Ä) rqe fon~;ky; tkvksA (p) vjs! e`nqy [ksyrk gSA
(N) ;fn rqe ifjJe djksxs] rks izFke LFkku izkIr djksxsA
7- (d) esjs ikik ,d lqanj cSx yk, gSaA
([k) fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk gS vkSj mlesa nks vaMs gSaA
(x) esjs ?kj osQ ikl tks ck”kkj gS] og cgqr cM+k gSA
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
51
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % v'kqn~/ okD;ksa dk 'kks/u fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; okD; esa gksus okyh v'kqn~f/;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
v'kqn~f/;ksa dks nwj djuk fl[kkukA
okD;kas dks 'kqn~/ :i esa fy[kus dk vH;kl djukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkajHk esa fn, x, ̂ tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA
rRi'pkr oqQN vU; v'kqn~/ okD; cksydj muls iwNsa fd okD; esa D;k v'kqn~f/;k¡ gSaA tSlsµ
µ eSaus esjk dke dj fy;kA
µ jfookj osQ fnu ikB'kkyk can gksrh gSA
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
v'kqn~/k okD;ksa dk 'kks/ku
Correction of Incorrect Sentences
17
52
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k okD; esa gksus okyh lk/kj.k v'kqn~f/;ksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa
'kqn~/ :i esa cksyus rFkk fy[kus esa Hkh leFkZ gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks
v'kqn~/ mPpkj.k vkSj inozQe dh tkudkjh u gksukA
¯yx] opu] dky] dkjd vkfn dkA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) esjh ,d fiz; fe=k us eq>s migkj fn;kA
([k) esjs MkWDVj HkkbZ ls lcus bykt djok;kA
(x) fi+ QYe ns[kus osQ fy, ge lc 'kgj tk,¡xsA
(?k) esys esa vusd yksx vk, FksA
(Ä) mlus xktj dkVdj [kjxks'k dks f[kykbZA
2- f'k{kd dh lgk;d ls Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
;g xfrfof/ Nk=k vius fe=kksa osQ lkFk Lo;a djosQ ns[ksaxsA
53
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % fojke&fpg~u fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; fojke&fpg~uksa osQ egRo rFkk Hksnksa ls ifjp;A
fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr iz;ksx fl[kkukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA
fojke&fpg~u ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kokukA
jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA
iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^fojke&fpg~u* ls iwoZ&ifjfpr gaS] muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA
mlh izdkj osQ oqQN vU; mnkgj.k Nk=kksa dks nsa_ tSlsµ#dks] er tkvks@ #dks er] tkvksA
Nk=kksa ls iwNsa fd nksuksa okD;ksa osQ vFkZ esa D;k varj gS\
larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA
f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA
rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fojke&fpg~uPunctuation
18
54
chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa
vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA
ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,
vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A
rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
fu"d"kZ Nk=k fojke&fpg~uksa osQ eq[; Hksnksa dks igpkuus rFkk ukekafdr djus esa leFkZ gks
pqosQ gSaA os fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks #dukA
bdgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµiqLrd osQ uke] 'kh"kZd] miuke] inoh vkfn osQ lkFkA
nksgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµizfln~/ dFku] dgkor] laokn vkfn osQ lkFkA
tgk¡ iz'u iwNk tk,A
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) cgqr&cgqr /U;okn! vc eq>s pyuk pkfg,A
([k) fon~;kfFkZ;ksa us lc dke iwjk dj fy;k gSA
(x) esjs firk dk uke MkWú gfjeksgu gSA
(?k) osQ'ko fon~okuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrk] ¶ugha jh ixyh! igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mMsa+xs\¸
(Ä) gekjs ns'k esa rjg&rjg osQ Hkkstu] rjg&rjg dh iks'kkosaQ izpfyr gSaA
2- ,d taxy esa ,d dkSvk vkSj fgj.k iDosQ nksLr FksA ,d fnu xhnM+ dh u”kj fgj.k ij iM+h]
rks og lkspus yxk fd vxj bldk ekal [kkus dks fey tk,] rks fdruk e”kk vk tk,A xhnM+
55
cM+k /wrZ Fkk] og fgj.k dks iQ¡lkus dh ;kstuk cukus yxkA og tkurk Fkk fd fgj.k lh/s
rjhosQ ls dkcw esa ugha vk,xk] blfy, nksLr cudj gh mls vius tky esa iQ¡lk;k tk,A ;g
lkspdj fgj.k xhnM+ osQ ikl x;k vkSj I;kj ls cksyk] ¶dgks fe=k] oSQls gks\ vkt rqe cgqr
fnuksa ckn fn[kkbZ fn, gksA¸ fgj.k xhnM+ dks ns[kdj cgqr Hk;Hkhr gks x;k vkSj ?kcjkdj cksyk]
¶vjs HkkbZ! rqe dkSu gks\ eSa rqEgs ugha tkurkA¸
3- (d) bdgjk mn~/j.k fpg~u ([k) nksgjk mn~/j.k fpg~u
(x) foLe;kfncks/d fpg~u (?k) iz'uokpd fpg~u
(Ä) yk?ko fpg~u (p) ;kstd fpg~u
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
f'k{kd osQ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx ls Nk=k Lo;a djosQ ns[ksaxsA
56
ikB ;kstuk
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk
iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6
fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------
mifo"k; % eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡ fnukad % ----------------------
mn~ns'; eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa osQ egRo dks le>kukA
eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa esa varj rFkk muosQ vFkZ le>kuk vkSj O;kogkfjd iz;ksx
fl[kkukA
Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA
ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA
lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA oqQN eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa osQ fp=kAiwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k eqgkojksa ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaAa muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj ^tqfM+, vkSj
lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA rRi'pkr eqgkojksa osQ fp=k fn[kkdj Nk=kksa ls iwNsa fd mUgsa bu fp=kksa esa D;k fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS\ fiQj mUgsa crk,¡ fd bu fp=kksa dk oqQN fo'ks"k vFkZ izdV gks jgk gSA
'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaAf'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB
è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa
vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,
vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA
eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡Idioms and Proverbs 19
57
fu"d"kZ Nk=k vf/drj eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfDr;ksa osQ vFkZ crkrs gSa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx djus esa leFkZ gSaA
fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
”kjk crkb, rks eqgkojs fo'ks"k vFkZ crkus okys okD;ka'k gSaA yksxksa n~okjk dgha xbZ mfDrA eqgkojksa dk Lora=k iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk] yksdksfDr;ksa dk Lora=k iz;ksx gksrk gSA
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) euh"k rks fpduk ?kM+k gS] ml ij ek¡ dh ckrkas dk dksbZ vlj ugha fn[kkbZ nsrkA ([k) ns[krs gh ns[krs ?kksM+k gok ls ckrsa djus yxkA (x) lSfudksa us tku ij [ksydj ns'k dh j{kk dhA (?k) vIiw us ,yce [kksus ij jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk fn;kA (Ä) dkO;k us tYnck”kh fn[kkdj lc xqM+ xkscj dj fn;kA
2- (d) Å¡V osQ eq¡g esa thjk ([k) ?kksM+s cspdj lks jgs gks (x) jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk fn;k (?k) ?kj dk Hksnh yadk <k,
3- (d) ew[kZ cukuk ([k) ”kcjnLrh laca/ cukuk (x) ,d tSls LoHkko okys yksxkas dk feyuk (?k) cqjh rjg gjkuk (Ä) Hkkx tkuk (p) xq.k de] fn[kkok vf/d
4- (d) ukd esa ne djuk] ukd dVuk ([k) vk¡[kksa dk rkjk] vk¡[ksa fn[kkuk (x) ck,¡ gkFk dk [ksy] gkFk rax gksuk (?k) dku dk dPpk] dkuksa ij t¡w u jsaxuk
5- Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
”kjk lksfp, rks
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
djosQ nsf[k,
vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx ls Nk=k ;g xfrfof/ d{kk esa djsaxsA
58
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) i<+us dh vis{kk cSBs jgus osQ dkj.kA
([k) mudh ehBh vkSj Hkksyh ckrksa ij [kq'k gksdjA
(x) ys[kd bl dFku n~okjk izo`Qfr vkSj ekuo osQ izse dks izdV dj jgk gSA
(?k) isM+ osQ cgqr iqjkus gksus osQ dkj.kA
(Ä) viusiu] lEeku vkSj izse dk HkkoA
2- (d) lkgl dk thouA ([k) lkgliw.kZ vkuan dh meax gh mRlkg gSA
(x) deZ&lkSan;Z osQ mikldA (?k) ;qn~/ohj] nkuohj] n;kohj bR;kfnA
(Ä) ;qn~/ohjrkA
3- (d) Hkkjrµ½rqvksa dk ns'kA
([k) i`Foh n~okjk lw;Z dh ifjozQek djus osQ dkj.kA
(x) Ng ½rq,¡A
(?k) iQkYxqu vkSj pS=kA
(Ä) f'kf'kj ½rq esaA
4- (d) okil ykSVus dhA ([k) lw;Z vkSj panzA
(x) vfrfFk lsA (?k) vius Kku dkA
(Ä) Kku fdlh dh cikSrh ugha gSA
5- (d) lRrk&izkfIr djuk ,oa fof'k"V oxZ esa igq¡pukA
([k) Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ ls ghA
(x) ns'k dk izR;sd ukxfjd vkSj oxZA
(?k) jktuhfr dk iruA
(Ä) izR;;µrkA
vifBr xn~;ka'kUnseen Prose Passage
20
59
ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj
vkb,] vc fy[ksa
1- (d) olar osQ vkxeu ij lalkj lqanj fn[krk gSA
([k) olar Írq osQ vkus ijA
(x) ?kj&vk¡xu gfj;kyh osQ dkj.k lqanj yxrk gSA
(?k) lqxaf/r ,oa 'khry iouA
(Ä) ok;q] lehj] vfuyA
2- (d) firk osQ vkus dhA
([k) ek¡ dg jgh gS fd firk ,d fnu vo'; vk,¡xs vkSj rq>s igpku ysaxsA
(x) ek¡ osQ vuqlkj firk lcls vuks[kh oLrq yk,¡xsA
(?k) iq=k firk osQ lkFk ?kweus tkus dh ckr lkspdj izlUu gSA
(Ä) ek¡ dks iqjkus fnu u ykSV vkus dk nq[k gSA
3- (d) 'okl jksx iSQyk jgs gSaA
([k) ok;qA
(x) izk.kok;q vFkkZr vkWDlh”ku nsrs gSaA
(?k) 'kgjksa dk xank ikuhA
(Ä) lgh mik;ksa dks viukdj rFkk isM+ yxkdjA
4- (d) le; osQ ckjs esaA
([k) nq[k vkSj la?k"kZ
(x) cgkus cukrk jgrk gSA
(?k) vkylhA
(Ä) vPNk le; vFkok lq[k Hkjk le;A
uksVµvU; lHkh ikBksa osQ mRrj Nk=k viuh jpukRedrk osQ vk/kj ij Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
vifBr in~;ka'kUnseen Poem Passages
21
60
vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ2
1- (d) lafnX/ Hkwrdky ([k) orZeku dky
2- (d) ldeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) vdeZd (?k) ldeZd
(Ä) vdeZd (p) vdeZd (N) ldeZd (t) ldeZd
3- (d) vpkud ([k) osQ lkFk (x) ojuk (?k) 'kkck'k (Ä) osQ Åij
4- (d) Kku de] fn[kkok vf/d ([k) dke fcxkM+uk
(x) [krjs dk vkHkkl gksuk (?k) vius ikl dh oLrq dk egRo u le>uk
5- (d) bl dkO;ka'k esa esgur osQ egRo vkSj feydj dke djus dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA
([k) HkkX; esa fy[kk gqvkA
(x) enn djukA
(?k) esgur ls u Mjus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA
(Ä) lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA
6- orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh vO;kogkfjd gSA tks iqLrdh; Kku ij cy nsrh gS] O;kogkfjd Kku ij
ugha] blfy, izR;sd f'kf{kr O;fDr ukSdjh gh ikuk pkgrk gSA
7- Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
8- laosQr ¯cnqvksa dh lgk;rk ls Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
61
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- Hkk"kk osQ fdu :iksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- Hkk"kk lh[kus esa O;kdj.k D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fyfi fdls dgrs gSa\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- mfpr 'kCnksa n~okjk fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ
(d) o.kZ osQ ------------------------- Hksn gksrs gSaA
([k) lkfgR; dh ------------------------- fo/k,¡ gSaµ ------------------------- rFkk -------------------------
(x) {k] =k] K vkSj J -------------------------- O;atu gSaA
(?k) Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa ------------------------- Hkk"kkvksa dks ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA
(Ä) ------------------------- dks ^fo'o ¯gnh fnol* euk;k tkrk gSA
(p) Li'kZ O;atuksa dh la[;k ------------------------- gSA
5- la;qDrk{kj vkSj n~foRo O;atu esa varj Li"V dhft,µ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62
6- fuEufyf[kr o.kks± dks feykdj 'kCn fuekZ.k dhft,µ
(d) l~$va$r~$vk$u~$v = ------------------------------------
([k) j~$vk$"k~$V~$j~$v = ------------------------------------
(x) o~$b$t~$×k~$vk$u~$v = ------------------------------------
(?k) v$o~Q$"k~$v$j~$v = ------------------------------------
(Ä) i~$j~$v$Hk~$vk$r~$v = ------------------------------------
([) o~$b$n~$;~$vk = ------------------------------------
7- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ
(d) dof;=kh = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkxzg- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) Jqrys[k = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) izkFkZuk = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
63
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- fuEufyf[kr rRle 'kCnksa osQ rn~Hko :i fyf[k,µ
(d) nqX/ µ -------------------------- ([k) nar µ --------------------------
(x) d.kZ µ -------------------------- (?k) liZ µ --------------------------
2- rn~Hko 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i fyf[k,µ
(d) uhan µ -------------------------- ([k) [ksr µ --------------------------
(x) thHk µ -------------------------- (?k) ekrk µ --------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) bPNk µ ------------------ ------------------ ([k) vkx µ ------------------ ------------------
(x) ok;q µ ------------------ ------------------ (?k) igkM+ µ ------------------ ------------------
4- uhps fn, x, Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ
(d) yksV µ -------------------------- ([k) fnu µ --------------------------
ykSV µ -------------------------- nhu µ --------------------------
(x) fpj µ -------------------------- (?k) x`g µ --------------------------
phj µ -------------------------- xzg µ --------------------------
(Ä) 'kksd µ -------------------------- (p) o`Qfr µ --------------------------
'kkSd µ -------------------------- o`Qrh µ --------------------------
64
5- fn, x, okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr 'kCnksa osQ fy, okD;ka'k fyf[k,µ
(d) gekjs ?kj esa nks ekfld if=kdk,¡ vkrh gSaA -------------------------------
([k) uhyk vkdk'k vuar gSµ -------------------------------
(x) lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gSµ -------------------------------
(?k) laoknnkrk lekpkj lqukus yxkA -------------------------------
6- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ iqu% fyf[k,µ
(d) Ja[kyk ¾ -------------------------- ([k) nzf"V ¾ --------------------------
(x) vk'pZ; ¾ -------------------------- (?k) perdkj ¾ --------------------------
8- laf/ dhft,µ
(d) jktk $ vkKk ¾ -------------------------- ([k) uj $ banz ¾ --------------------------
(x) fir` $ vkKk ¾ -------------------------- (?k) iks $ b=k ¾ --------------------------
(Ä) us $ vu ¾ -------------------------- (p) egk $ mRlo ¾ --------------------------
(N) fu% $ jl ¾ -------------------------- (t) le~ $ lkj ¾ --------------------------
65
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa dh Hkkookpd laKkvksa ls [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,µ
(d) igkM+ dh ------------------------------- rks cM+h dfBu gSA (p<+)
([k) ------------------------------- osQ fnu nksckjk ugh ykSVrsA (cPpk)
(x) vPNh ----------------------------- vkSj ----------------------------- djus osQ fy, ifjJe djuk pkfg,A
(?k) n'kgjh vke dh ------------------------------- Hkqyk, ugha HkwyrhA (ehBk)
(Ä) ladV osQ le; cPps us ------------------------------- fn[kkbZA (cgknqj)
(p) dHkh fdlh ls ------------------------------- u djksA ('k=kq)
2- fn, x, xn~;ka'k esa ls laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj mfpr LraHk esa fyf[k,µ
osQ'ko vkSj ';kek osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ Åij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn;k FkkA osQ'ko vkSj mldh
cgu nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[k eyrs dkfuZl
osQ lkeus tkrs vkSja fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mUgsa ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks D;k
e”kk feyrk fd nw/ vkSj tysch dh lq/ Hkh u jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ
loky mBrs FksA
O;fDrokpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tkfrokpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hkkookpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ ¯yx ifjofrZr djosQ fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ
(d) ------------------------------- vius cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djrh gSA (¯lg)
([k) u;uk ,d vkKkdkjh ------------------------------- gSA (f'k";)
66
(x) ------------------------------- ls pkj dne dh nwjh j[kuh pkfg,A (xk;)
(?k) egknsoh oekZ ,d izfln~/ ------------------------------- FkhaA (dfo)
(Ä) ------------------------------- iwQyksa dh ekyk cuk,xhA (ekyh)
(p) xjhcksa osQ lkFk ------------------------------- us /ks[kk fd;kA (lqukfju)
4- opu ifjofrZr dhft,µ
(d) Nk=k ¾ -------------------------- ([k) iqLrd ¾ --------------------------
(x) vè;kid ¾ -------------------------- (?k) fpfM+;k ¾ --------------------------
(Ä) uhfr ¾ -------------------------- (p) feBkbZ ¾ --------------------------
(N) i{kh ¾ -------------------------- (t) vki ¾ --------------------------
(>) phaVh ¾ -------------------------- (×k) xq# ¾ --------------------------
67
dk;Z&if=kdkµ4
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- js[kkafdr 'kCnksa esa ¯yx] opu] dkjd vkSj laKk&Hksn crkb,µ
¯yx opu dkjd laKk&Hksn
(d) olar iapeh ij ge irax mM+k,¡xsA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
([k) fp=kk us mikluk ls iz'u iwNkA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
(x) gyokbZ dks FkksM+h phuh pkfg,A ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
(?k) fufr'k cl ls fxj iM+kA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
2- mfpr dkjd&fpg~u Hkjdj okD; iwjs dhft,µ
(d) fdlku gy ------------------------------- [ksr tksrrk gSA
([k) ek/qjh ------------------------------- firk vkt vkxjk tk,¡xsA
(x) ijh{kd Nk=kksa ------------------------------- iz'u&i=k ck¡Vus yxkA
(?k) ek¡ ------------------------------- Hkkstu cukdj es”k ------------------------------- j[k fn;kA
3- js[kakfdr loZuke 'kCnksa osQ Hksn crkb,µ
(d) vkiosQ ?kj ij dksbZ vk;k gSA --------------------------------------------
([k) tks i<s+xk] og liQy gksxkA --------------------------------------------
(x) gekjk Hkh ;gh fopkj gSA --------------------------------------------
(?k) eq>s ;gh f[kykSuk pkfg,A --------------------------------------------
68
4- loZuke laca/h xyfr;ksa dks nwj djosQ okD; nqckjk fyf[k,µ
(d) oks osQ eu esa pksj gSA
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([k) rqe rqEgkjk dke D;ksa ugha djrs\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) viu dk ?kj vHkh nwj gSA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) tks dks i<+kbZ djuh gS] og dj ysA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- lHkh dkjdksa osQ uke vkSj muosQ fpg~u fyf[k,µ
dkjd fpg~u
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69
dk;Z&if=kdkµ5
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- loZuke 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft, vkSj Hksn dk uke fyf[k,µ
(d) rqEgkjs cLrs esa D;k gS\ --------------------------------------------
([k) efgek D;k [kk,xh\ --------------------------------------------
(x) Nr ij dksbZ rks p<+k gksxkA --------------------------------------------
(?k) lquhrk us vius fe=k dks i=k fy[kkA --------------------------------------------
(Ä) og m/j x;k gSA --------------------------------------------
2- fo'ks"k.k Hksnksa osQ uke rFkk muosQ miHksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ
fo'ks"k.k osQ Hksn miHksn
------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fn, x, fo'ks";ksa osQ fy, mfpr fo'ks"k.k fyf[k,µ
fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) xq.kokpd ---------------------- dkSvk
([k) fuf'pr la[;kokpd ---------------------- osQys
70
(x) vfuf'pr la[;kokpd ---------------------- lsc
(?k) fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd ---------------------- pkoy
(Ä) vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd ---------------------- phuh
(p) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k ---------------------- yM+dk
4- js[kkafdr fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ
(d) bl ?kj esa ik¡p lnL; jgrs gSaA --------------------------------------------
([k) esjs oqQjrs esa pkj ehVj diM+k yxsxkA --------------------------------------------
(x) ohj flikgh dks ohjrk iqjLdkj feykA --------------------------------------------
(?k) lHkk esa lSdM+ksa yksx vk, FksA --------------------------------------------
(Ä) esjs fe=k vkt ugha vk,A --------------------------------------------
71
dk;Z if=kdkµ6
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- dks"Bd esa fn, x, fozQ;k 'kCnksa osQ mfpr :i fjDr LFkkuksa esa Hkfj,µ
(d) lcosQ lkFk feydj Hkkstu -------------------------------A (djuk)
([k) NqV~Vh gksrs gh ?kj ------------------------------- tkukA (ykSVuk)
(x) u;k cLrk ek¡ us ------------------------------- gSA (fnyokuk)
(?k) uo&o"kZ vkjaHk gks ------------------------------- A (tkuk)
(Ä) cksMZ ij Vkbe&Vscy ------------------------------- gSA (fy[kuk)
(p) jatu us igys gh fnu nks fe=k -------------------------A (cukuk)
(N) eq>s oqQN fdrkcsa ------------------------------- gaSA ([kjhnuk)
(t) lsB th us e”knwj dks #i;s -------------------------------A (nsuk)
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa deZ osQ vk/kj ij fozQ;k osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ
(d) ckny ns[kdj eksj ukpus yxkA --------------------------------------------
([k) dy eSa nsj rd lksrk jgkA --------------------------------------------
(x) eq>s ikyd&iuhj cgqr ilan gSA --------------------------------------------
(?k) esjs lkFk iqLrdky; rd pyksA --------------------------------------------
(Ä) nknh cPpksa dks dgkuh lqukus yxhA --------------------------------------------
(p) gok rs”k cg jgh FkhA --------------------------------------------
72
3- rkfydk iwjh dhft,µ
orZeku dky Hkwrdky Hkfo";dky
vkt ikuh cjlsxkA
dy esjk tUefnu FkkA
eSa dgkuh i<+ jgk gw¡A
D;k rqEgkjs firk th pys x, Fks\
dy LowQy can jgsxkA
4- Hkwrdky osQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
5- Hkfo";r~ dky esa cnydj okD; nqckjk fyf[k,µ
(d) gkFkh cgqr rs”k nkSM+ jgk FkkA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkleku esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mM+ jgh gSaA
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73
dk;Z&if=kdkµ7
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- v/wjs okD;ksa dks fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa n~okjk iwjk djosQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ
Hksn
(d) igkM+ksa osQ ----------------------- ci+ ZQ teh gSA --------------------------------------------
([k) ----------------------- [kkvks ----------------------- ip tk,A --------------------------------------------
(x) efgyk ----------------------- xkus yxhA --------------------------------------------
(?k) ----------------------- er p<+ksA --------------------------------------------
(Ä) ----------------------- cksyuk ykHknk;d gksrk gSA --------------------------------------------
(p) vki ----------------------- vk tkb,A --------------------------------------------
(N) ----------------------- fctyh pedus yxhA --------------------------------------------
(t) rqEgsa ----------------------- le>kuk iM+sxkA --------------------------------------------
2- leqPp;cks/d 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ
(d) rqe BaMk yksxs ----------------------- xje\
([k) vHkh ls rS;kjh dj yks] ----------------------- nsj gks tk,xhA
(x) rqe ifjJeh gks] ----------------------- izFke vk, gksA
(?k) ,d f[kykM+h us 'krd cuk;k] ----------------------- ge eSp u thr ik,A
(Ä) vxj rqEgsa Bhd gksuk gS ----------------------- nok [kkuk ”k:jh gSA
(p) ljnh esa oqQYi+ Qh er [kkvks] ----------------------- chekj gks tkvksxsA
3- foLe;kfncks/d 'kCnksa n~okjk okD; iwjs dhft,µ
(d) -----------------------! lkeus ls cl vk jgh gSA
([k) ----------------------! fdruk xank ?kj gSA
(x) ----------------------! cgqr nnZ gks jgk gSA
(?k) ----------------------! lehj dks pksV yx xbZA
(Ä) ----------------------! fdruh BaMh gok py jgh gSA
(p) ----------------------! rqeus rks deky gh dj fn;kA
74
dk;Z&if=kdkµ8
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- okD; osQ vaxksa osQ uke fyf[k,A
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- okD; oSQls curk gS\ vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD; osQ fdrus Hksn gSa\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fn, x, okD;ksa ls mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; vyx dhft,µ
mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) eSnku esa >wys yxs gSaA ---------------------- ----------------------
([k) lehjk esa vusd xq.k gSaA ---------------------- ----------------------
(x) jktk us ohjrkiwoZd ;qn~/ thrkA ---------------------- ----------------------
(?k) cPps dgk¡ tk jgs gSa\ ---------------------- ----------------------
(Ä) lqanj cPpk lks jgk gSA ---------------------- ----------------------
4- okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ nqckjk fyf[k,µ
(d) rqejk dke iwjk ugha gq, D;k\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75
([k) euu osQ ikl ek=k osQoy ipkl #i;s gSaA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) eSaus vfHku; dh f'k{kk lh[kh gSA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) rqEgkjk i<+kbZ oSQlk py jgk gS\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) chekj vkneh dk izk.k fudy x;kA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ
(d) m¡xyh ij ukpuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vDy ij iRFkj iM+uk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dku dk dPpk gksuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dej dluk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) vkdk'k&ikrky ,d djuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
76
dk;Z&if=kdkµ9
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- xjeh ls jkgr igq¡pkus okys ^'kjcr* osQ fy, jaxhu vkSj vkd"kZd foKkiu cukb,µ
2- ijh{kk ls oqQN fnu iwoZ pksjh gqbZ oqQN dkWfi;ksa dh pksjh gksus ij iz/kukpk;Z dks i=k fyf[k,A
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77
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3- ^cjlkr dk igyk fnu* ij 80&100 'kCnksa eas vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
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4- vius fe=k dks bZ&esy fy[kdj vius tUefnu ij vkus dk fuea=k.k nhft,A
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78
dk;Z if=kdkµ10
uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d
ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+rs gq, iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ
MkWú vCnqy dyke ,d ,sls O;fDr Fks] ftUgsa ns'k osQ ;qokvksa ij iwjk Hkjkslk FkkA mudk ekuuk
Fkk fd og ;qok tks ns'k izse dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr gS] ftldk efLr"d Kku ls Hkjk gS]
mlosQ fy, NksVk y{; j[kuk Hkh dksbZ vijk/ ugha gSA ogh ns'k dk lgh fn'kk esa fodkl dj
ldrk gSA muosQ vuqlkj i`Foh dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lalk/u ;qokvksa dk rstLoh efLr"d gSA
;gh dkj.k Fkk fd os cPpksa] fd'kksjksa rFkk ;qokvksa ls lh/k laioZQ djus osQ volj dHkh ugha
NksM+rs FksA ;qokvksa dh&lh LiwQfrZ j[kus okys] ckydksa tSlk ljy eu j[kus okys MkWú dyke
u osQoy ubZ ih<+h dks izsfjr djrs Fks] cfYd muls vius ns'k dks iw.kZ fodflr jk"Vª cukus
dk iz.k Hkh ysrs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd oqQN Hkh vlaHko ughaA ;fn ge fu'p; dj ysa]
rks ge os lkjs dke Hkh ljyrk ls dj ldrs gSa] tks gesa dfBu yxrs gSaA ,d le; Fkk tc
euq"; osQoy mM+us dh dYiuk&ek=k dj ldrk Fkk] ij jkbV ca/qvksa us mM+us dk liuk ns[kk
vkSj ml lius dks lkdkj dj fn[kk;kA mlh rjg ge pkgsa rks gj dke dj ldrs gSaA
(d) MkWú dyke dks fdl ij lcls ”;knk Hkjkslk Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) mudh n`f"V esa i`Foh dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lalk/u D;k Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) mMus dk LoIu fdlus iwjk dj fn[kk;k\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) MkWú dyke osQ eu dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
79
(Ä) xn~;ka'k ls lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ ladYi] Hkwfe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+rs gq, iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ
iwjc ls if'pe rd iSQyh]
ftldh ioZrekyk gSA
;gh fgeky; viuh mRrj]
lhek dk j[kokyk gSA
fge dk eqoqQV 'kh'k ij /jrk]
vkleku ls ckrsa djrkA
lwjt dh Lof.kZe fdj.kksa esa]
bldk txex :i fu[kjrkA
dy&dy cgrs fu>Zj ty esa]
blus ve`r Mkyk gSA
;gh fgeky; viuh mRrj]
lhek dk j[kokyk gSA
(d) iwjc ls if'pe rd fdldh ioZrekyk iSQyh gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) fgeky; us vius flj ij D;k yxk j[kk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) fgeky; dk Lo:i fdlesa vkSj oSQls fu[kjrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) in~;ka'k ls lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ>juk] ih;w"kA
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(Ä) o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µLof.kZeA
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80
dk;Z&if=kdkµmRrjkoyh
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- Hkk"kk osQ ekSf[kd rFkk fyf[kr :i dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr laosQrksa osQ n~okjk
Hkh ckrphr dh tk ldrh gSA
2- O;kdj.k gesa Hkk"kk dks 'kqn~/ :i esa cksyuk] fy[kuk vkSj i<+uk fl[kkrk gSA ;g Hkk"kk osQ fu;e
cukrk gSA
3- eq[k ls fudyh èofu;ksa dks fy[kus dk <ax fyfi dgykrk gSA
4- (d) nks ([k) nks] xn~;] in~; (x) la;qDr (?k) ckbZl
(Ä) 10 tuojh (p) iPphl
5- tc ,d Loj jfgr O;atu nwljs Loj lfgr O;atu osQ lkFk vkrk gS rc la;qDrk{kj dgykrk
gSA tSlsµeD[ku] 'kfDr vkfnA
tc ,d gh O;atu nks ckj ,d lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA igyk O;atu Loj osQ fcuk rFkk
nwljk Loj osQ lkFk gksrk gS] rc og n~foRo O;atu dgykrk gS_ tSlsµiDdk] xUuk vkfnA
6- (d) larku ([k) jk"Vª (x) foKku (?k) v{kj
(Ä) izHkkr (p) fon~;k
7- (d) o~Q$v$o~$v$;~$b$r~$j~$bZ ([k) vk$x~$j~$v$g~$v
(x) 'k~$m$r~$v$y~$,$[k~$v (Ä) i~$j~$vk$j~$Fk~$v$u~$vk
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) nw/ ([k) nk¡r (x) dku (?k) lk¡i
2- (d) funzk ([k) {ks=k (x) ftg~ok (?k) ekr`
3- (d) vfHkyk"kk] dkeuk ([k) vfXu] vuy (x) lehj] iou (?k) ioZr] ux
4- (d) ysVuk] okil ([k) fnol] xjhc (x) iqjkuk] oL=k (?k) ?kj] u{k=k
(Ä) nq[k] #fp (p) jpuk] fuiq.k
5- (d) izR;sd ekl vkus okyh ([k) ftldk dksbZ var u gks
(x) ftls djuk vko';d gks (?k) lekpkj nsus okyk
81
6- (d) Ük`a[kyk ([k) n`f"V (x) vk'p;Z (?k) peRdkj
7- (d) jktkKk ([k) ujsanz (x) fi=kkKk (?k) ifo=k
(Ä) u;u (p) egksRlo (N) uhjl (t) lalkj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
1- (d) p<+kbZ ([k) cpiu (x) fy[kkbZ] i<+kbZ (?k) feBkl
(Ä) cgknqjh (p) 'k=kqrk
2- O;fDrokpd laKkµosQ'ko] ';kek
tkfrokpd laKkµcgu] fpfM+;k] fpM+k] cPpksa] nw/] tysch] dkfuZl] vk¡[ksaA
Hkkookpd laKkµè;ku] e”kk] lq/] loky
3- (d) ¯lguh ([k) f'k";k (x) cSy (?k) dof;=kh
(Ä) ekfyu (p) lqukj
4- (d) Nk=kx.k ([k) iqLrosaQ (x) vè;kidx.k (?k) fpfM+;k¡
(Ä) i{kho`an (p) uhfr;k¡ (N) vkiyksx (t) feBkb;k¡
(>) phafV;k¡ (×k) xq#tu
dk;Z&if=kdkµ4
1- (d) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] deZ dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk
([k) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] viknku dkjd] O;fDrokpd laKk
(x) iq¯Yyx] ,dopu] laiznku dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk
(?k) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] viknku dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk
2- (d) ls ([k) osQ (x) dks (?k) us] ij
3- (d) vfu'p;okpd ([k) laca/okpd
(x) mRre iq#"kokpd (?k) fu'p;okpd
4- (d) mlosQ eu esa pksj gSA ([k) rqe viuk dke D;ksa ugha djrs\
(x) gekjk ?kj vHkh nwj gSA (?k) ftls i<+kbZ djuh gS] og dj ysA
82
5- drkZ&us] deZ&dks]
dj.k&ls@osQ n~okjk] laiznkuµosQ fy,@dks]
viknkuµls (vyx gksuk) laca/µdk] osQ] dh@jk] js] jh
vf/dj.kµesa] ij lacks/uµgs] vjs
dk;Z&if=kdkµ5
1- (d) rqEgkjsµiq#"kokpd ([k) D;kµiz'uokpd (x) dksbZµvfu'p;okpd
(?k) viusµfutokpd (Ä) ogµiq#"kokpd
2- (d) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
([k) la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kµfuf'pr la[;kokpd] vfuf'pr la[;kokpd
(x) ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kµfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd] vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd
(?k) lkoZukfed@laosQrokpd fo'ks"k.k
3- (d) dkyk ([k) ,d ntZu (x) oqQN (?k) nl fdyks
(Ä) FkksM+h (p) og
4- (d) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k] fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'sk"k.k ([k) fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
(x) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (?k) vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k
(Ä) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k
dk;Z&if=kdkµ6
1- (d) djks ([k) ykSV (x) fnyok;k (?k) x;k (Ä) fy[kk (p) cuk, (N) [kjhnuh (t) fn,
2- (d) vdeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) ldeZd (?k) vdeZd (Ä) ldeZd (n~fodeZd) (p) vdeZd
3- (d) vkt ikuh cjl jgk gS] vkt ikuh cjlk Fkk ([k) vkt esjk tUefnu gSA dy esjk tUefnu gksxk (x) eSaus dgkuh i<+h FkhA eSa dgkuh i<¡+wxk (?k) D;k rqEgkjs firk th tk jgs gSa\ D;k rqEgkjs firk th tk,¡xs\ (Ä) vkt LowQy can gSA dy LowQy can FkkA
83
4- lkekU; Hkwr] vklUu Hkwr] iw.kZ Hkwr] viw.kZ Hkwr] lafnX/ Hkwr] gsrqgsrqen~ HkwrA
5- (d) gkFkh cgqr rs”k nkSM+sxkA
([k) vkleku esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mMsa+xhA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ7
1- (d) Åij ([k) mruk] ftruk (x) /hjs&/hjs (?k) Åij
(Ä) de (p) Hkhrj (N) vpkud (t) fdruk
2- (d) ;k ([k) ojuk (x) blfy, (?k) ijarq
(Ä) rks (p) vU;Fkk
3- (d) lko/ku ([k) fN% (x) gk; (?k) vjs
(Ä) mi+ Q (p) 'kkck'k
dk;Z&if=kdkµ8
1- okD; osQ nks vax gSaµmn~ns'; rFkk fo/s;A
2- 'kCnksa osQ lkFkZd lewg ls okD; curk gSA vkB Hksn gSaA
3- mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) >wys eSnku esa yxs gSaA
([k) lehjk esa vusd xq.k gSaA
(x) jktk us ohjrkiwoZd 'kqn~/ thrkA
(?k) cPps dgk¡ tk jgs gSa\
(Ä) lqanj cPpk lks jgk gSA
4- (d) D;k rqEgkjk dke iwjk ugha gqvk\
([k) euu osQ ikl osQoy ipkl #i;s gSaA
(x) eSaus vfHku; dk izf'k{k.k fy;k gSA
(?k) rqEgkjh i<+kbZ oSQlh py jgh gS\
(Ä) chekj vkneh osQ izk.k fudy x,A
84
5- (d) viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj dke djokukA
([k) oqQN le> u vkukA
(x) fcuk lksps fdlh dh ckr ij fo'okl djukA
(?k) rS;kj gks tkukA
(Ä) cgqr ifjJe djukA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ9
1- Nk=k Lo;a cuk,¡xsA
2- Nk=k Lo;a i=k fy[ksaxsA
3- Nk=k Lo;a vuqPNsn fy[ksaxsA
4- Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ10
1- (d) MkWú dyke dks ;qokvksa ij iwjk Hkjkslk FkkA
([k) ;qokvksa dk rstLoh efLr"dA
(x) jkbV c/qvksa usA
(?k) ckydksa osQ ljy eu lsA
(Ä) iz.k] i`FohA
2- (d) iwjc ls if'pe rd fgeky; dh ioZrekyk iSQyh gSA
([k) fge dk eqoqQVA
(x) lwjt dh fdj.kksa esa fgeky; dk :i fu[kjrk gSA
(?k) fu>Zj] ve`rA
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