Interreligious & InternationalFederation for World Peace
Healthy Lifestyle Series
Living AIDS Free:A Zero-Transmission Lifestyle
Why?Why?Why?Why?
Magic Johnson appeared to be in great physical shape. So, his announcement that he was HIV infected was a complete surprise for many people.
Because he did not look at all sick.
MSNBCMSNBC
AcquiredImmuno-DeficiencySyndrome H
I
V
human
immunodeficiency
virus©2001 Center ©2001 Center Milan Nermut, M.D., Ph.D.*Milan Nermut, M.D., Ph.D.*National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlNational Institute for Biological Standards and Control
What is AIDS? HIV?
1. HIV enters blood stream through a mucus membrane or a wound.
3. After months or years, the number of HIV increases and the white blood cell count decreases. The immune system is weakened.
2. The virus inserts itself into a white blood cell nucleus (left), incapacitates the cell and reproduces itself, then buds out into the blood stream (below).
Textbook of AIDS Pathology (Feb. 2002), The Internet Pathology Laboratory
National AIDS and STDs Control Programme
National AIDS and STDs Control Programme
HIV - The Master of Disguise
Welln
ess -
Illness
1-10 years or more 1 or more years 1 or more years White Blood Cell (CD4 Lymphocytes) Count (per microliter)
> 500 200 – 500 < 200
NoSymptoms
InvisibleHidden
Symptoms•Fatigue•Diarrhea•Weight Loss•Persistent Fever•Night Sweats•Itchy Skin Rash•Swollen Lymph Nodes
AIDSOpportunistic Diseases
•Cancer•Malaria•Typhoid•Pneumonia•Tuberculosis•Dementia•Rashes & Thrush•Meningitis
Death
No Symptoms,but Infectious
Can Infect Others Unknowingly
HIV Infection
No Symptoms,but Infectious
Can Infect Others Unknowingly
HIV Infection
VisibleHidden
Reportable AIDSReportable AIDSOpportunistic DiseasesOpportunistic DiseasesT4 cell counts < 200T4 cell counts < 200
Tip of the Tip of the IcebergIceberg
Tip of the Tip of the IcebergIceberg
Symptomsappear
Full-Blown AIDS
T4 cell countbetween 200 & 500
AIDSAIDS
National AIDS and STDs Control Programme
National AIDS and STDs Control Programme
Why?
Opportunistic Diseases
Adam’s Healthcare Encyclopedia
•Cancer•Malaria•Typhoid
•Pneumonia•Tuberculosis
•Dementia•Rashes & Thrush
•Meningitis
AIDS related Cancer Strikes 1 in 5
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
VitiligoA skin
disease
VitiligoA skin
disease
© 2001, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine dermatlas
Alarming Increase in HIV Infection Worldwide
HIV Infections Worldwide
Millions
45 Million Estimated
1980 2002World Health Organization
Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, End 2001
Living with HIV/AIDS 40 million
Newly infected in 2001 5 million
AIDS deaths in 2001 3 million
AIDS deaths 24.8 million from beginning of epidemic
Orphans 14 million
Daily Infections 14 thousand
UNDP 2002
Deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2001
Western Europe
8 0008 000North Africa & Middle East
30 00030 000Sub-Saharan
Africa
2.2 2.2 millionmillion
Eastern Europe &Central Asia
23 00023 000East Asia & Pacific
35 00035 000South & South-East Asia
400 000400 000
Australia & New Zealand
<100<100
North America
15 00015 000Caribbean
40 00040 000
Latin America
60 00060 000
Total: 3 million The World Health Report 2001, WHO
01 July 2002 slide number SSA-38
LeadingCauses of Death in Africa, 2000
Source:The World Health Report 2001, WHO
22.6
10.19.16.7 5.54.3 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
HIV/AIDS
MalariaPerinatalconditions
Tuberculosis
Cerebrovasculardisease
Diarrhoeal disease
Lowerrespiratory infections
MeaslesIschaemic
Heartdisease
Maternalconditions
% ofTotal
01 July 2002 slide number SSA-4
HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, End 2001
20 –39%10 –20%5 –10%1 –5%0 –1%trend data unavailableoutside region
2001
01 July 2002 slide number SSA-18
HIV Prevalence inMilitary Personnel in Africa
Nigeria: 11% among peacekeepers returning from Sierra Leone and Liberia vs5.8% in adult population
South Africa: 60-70% in military vs20% in adult population
Nigeria AIDS bulletin No 15, May 20, 2000; The Mail & Guardian, Pretoria, March 31, 2000; UNAIDS/WHO 1999 estimate
Sugar Daddies
Africa’s Infection Rate 50x - 100x Higher. Why?
Multiple Sex Partners
Widespread STDs
Impure WaterWork
MigrationMigration to
Cities
Weakened Immune System
Infectious Climate
Poverty
Genital Mutilation Polygamy
Stigma►HIV Testing Rare
HIV Rampant
Why?
HIV Rampant
Why? Poor Medi-cal
Care
Med
ical
Social
Eco
nom
ic
CustomMalnutrition
INDIVIDUAL•Low self-
image•Suicide•Anger,
violence •Depression•Alienation•Guilt, shame•Withdrawal•Stigma•Stress,
anxiety
HOUSEHOLD•Impoverishment•Family crisis•Care expenses•Single parent•Children, elderlyHead of Household•Widows, orphans•Homelessness•School drop-outs•Child labor, child prostitutes•Malnutrition
COMMUNITY•Poverty•Infrastructure
deteriorates•Death rate up•Labor crisis•Homelessness,
street children
•Child labor, child breadwinners
•Juvenal crime•Discrimination•Services
decline
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
How Do You Get AIDS?
Prof. Olikoye RansomeKuti,
Former Nigerian Minister of Health
85% or more 15% or less
Adam’s Healthcare Encyclopedia
Also, barbing & shaving, manicure, ear piercing, tattoos, circumcision
Sexual85%
Non-Sexual15%
• Prostitution is a major route of HIV transmissionProstitution is a major route of HIV transmission
• Studies show high rates of HIV infectionStudies show high rates of HIV infection
Sex with an Infected PartnerSex with an Infected Partner
PHOTO: Alain N.-SygmaFunk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia 1976 Yearbook.
• 15% to 45% of babies born to HIV mothers become infected
• 1500 babies are born with HIV infection each day
• 1200 babies die of AIDS each day
• Testing of mother & early treatment can reduce infections by two thirds
From Mother to ChildFrom Mother to Child P4/5
UNAIDS 2002
Your Risk Increases if You:• Have sex outside a committed relationship• Have sex with partner who has not had an
HIV test.• Have sex with multiple partners. The more
partners, the higher the risk.• Have sex with a partner who has had multiple
relationships (even if you don’t know that).• Increase sexual activity because of a false
sense of security using condoms, especially if used incorrectly.
You Don’t Get AIDS by: Sneezing, coughing Simple kiss or embracing Insect bites Sharing cups, plates, utensils Shaking hands or embracing Working or playing together Normal social contact Crowded buses, public baths Using telephones
Our Attitude Toward People with HIV
• Casual social contact OK• Acceptance at work; need income• Need love & concern, not rejection• When sick, need care• Family needs community support
BUT• Be informed for best support, care• Avoid contact with body fluids
Human Papilloma VirusHuman
Immuno-deficiency
Virus
Explosive Growth of STDs• In 1960s only 2 common STDs, both curable:
Gonorrhea and Syphilis• Now, 2 dozen STDs, some deadly, some incurable• Condoms: limited or no protection• 16-to-24-year-olds most infected group
Salmonellosis
ChlamydiaChancroid
Ureaplasmal Infections
Granuloma Inguinal
Genital Herpes
Syphilis
CampylobacterCampylobacter
Hepatitis A & BLymphogranu-
loma Venereum
Gonorrhea
CytomegalovirusGiardiasis
Amebiasis
Shigellosis
Molluscum Contagiosum
Cornelius Monaheng, infected when he was 24, has dedicated his life to educating young people about the dangers of sex, drugs and alcohol
Krista Blake was infected at age 16 by someone who did not tell her that he was infected. At age 20, she dropped out of college and broke off her engagement. She died at age 22. Newsweek 1992
Kay Brown, 19, an honour student hoping to enter the military, was infected by and then abandoned by her boyfriend. “My career plans were destroyed,” she said.
Afro-beat king, Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, became infected and then died from complications of AIDS. His many fans still miss him.
Newsweek 1992Newsweek 1992
Newswatch, 1997Newswatch, 1997
AIDS Also Kills Dreams
Protection Against HIV:What are Your Choices?
Abstinence...Zero Transmission
Be Faithful...Zero Transmission
Condoms......Less Transmission
Get an HIV Test
If infected:
• Get help
• Protect others
If not infected:
• Change habits
• Prepare for true love
How much protection do latex condoms provide in actual use?
The owner of a popular bar distributing condoms.
Safer Sex?
Photo credit: WHO/GUBB
Photo credit: WHO/GUBB
Do Condoms Work?•“There is no scientific evidence that condoms prevent the transmission of most sexually transmitted diseases.”
•Studies show that condoms reduce the risk of transmission of HIV and gonorrhea in men.
•Studies are inconclusive about whether condoms reduce the risk of transmission of gonorrhea in women, chlamy-dia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, syphilis, & chancroid
•Studies say there is no evidence condoms reduce the risk of transmission of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
•More than 100 studies fail to prove that condoms prevent or even reduce the transmission of most STDs.Source: NIH, etc., 20 July 2001
How Effective are Condoms?•“Overall effectiveness for reducing sexual transmission of HIV through consistent use of condoms is approximately 80%.”•“Condoms appear to be marginally less effective for reducing HIV transmission than for preventing pregnancy.”Source: Global Health Council, 2002, http://www.globalhealth.org/assets/publications/condoms.pdf
•In use by teenagers, condom failure is around 14% (i.e. one in seven).Fu H, Darroch L et al Contraceptive failure rates: New Estimates from the National Survey of Family Growth Fam Plann Persp1999 31 56-63
•Therefore, “safe sex” with a condom is not safe. Abstinence and committed marriage are the only true forms of “safe sex.”Gene Rudd, MD, Associate Executive Director, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, Bristol, TN
Sex Educators Don’t Trust Condoms. Should You?
“I asked [800 sex educators] if they knew that a person carried the [HIV] virus, would they have sex, depending on a condom for protection? No one raised their hand.”
Source: Dr. Theresa Crenshaw, past president of the American Society of Sex Educators and Therapists, and member of the Presidential AIDS Commission
Condoms Offer False Sense of Security
They remove your natural reservations about
premarital sex
Fear of AIDS and
STDs
Fear of Pregnancy
Worry about Parents’
Disapproval
Source: Louis Harris, American Teens Speak, 1986Source: Louis Harris, American Teens Speak, 1986
01 July 2002 slide number SSA-51
Percentage of Sexually Experienced Girls Percentage of Sexually Experienced Girls in South Africa Who Say in South Africa Who Say ……
No
61%Yes39%
“I have been forced to have sex.”
Agree33%Disagree
60%7%
“I am afraid of saying no to sex.”
Agree55%Disagree
39%6%
“There are times I don't want to have sex, but I do because my boyfriend Insists on having sex.”
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation/KLA (2000) South African National Youth Survey
You Don’t Need to Say “Yes” to Sex
• Abstinence is doing without something.
• You can abstain from lots of things, such as certain foods, alcohol and other drugs, and sex.
• You can abstain from sex for lots of different reasons, such as to protect your health, to stick to your religious or moral values or to take control of your own life.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
You Might Decide NOT to Have Sex Because:
• You want to wait until you're married
• It would upset your parents if they found out
• You just don't feel ready to have sex
• You've already had sex, but decided it was a mistake
Remember: It's never too late to abstain from sex! You can stop right now.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
• Swinging Singles?• Cohabiters?• Married?• Married & Faithful?
Who has the best sex?
Saying "NO" to Sex Has Many Advantages!
• Avoid Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like HIV/AIDS.
• Avoid Pregnancy. • Keep Religious or Moral Values. • Boost Your Self-Esteem. • Abstinence isn't Forever.• Keep your most precious gift for your future
spouse.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
Tips for saying “No!”Deciding to say "NO" is easy – but actually saying
"NO" may not be. Practice your responses with a friend or parent today.
Tips for Success• Be assertive, learn to speak up for yourself. • Set your limits before you get into a challenging
situation. • Practice saying "NO" as if you really mean it.• Talk about your feelings, don't make the person
guess how far you'll go. • Don't use alcohol and other drugs.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
Learn How to Say “No!”“If you really loved me, you'd have sex with me.”
“If you really loved me, you wouldn't pressure me.”
“Everybody's doing it.” “That's not true. I'm not doing it and I'm somebody.”
“If you won't do it, I'll find someone who will.”
“If that's all I mean to you, then maybe you should find someone else!”
“Don't you trust me?” “It has nothing to do with trust. I just don't feel right about having sex.”
“It's the only way to prove you're a man (or woman)!”
“I didn't think I had to prove anything to you.”
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
Friendship ≠ Sex“We might not get another chance.”
“Right now, I'm willing to take that chance.”
“I thought you loved me!” “I do, but I thought you respected me!”
“What's wrong with you?” “There's nothing wrong with choosing to wait.”
“I think you owe it to me.” “I don't think I owe you anything.”
“If I don't relieve this tension, I'll be in physical pain.”
“That's a myth. Besides, if I have sex before I'm ready, I could be emotionally hurt.”
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
You’re in Charge!
• It's your body;
• Don't be pressured into having sex.
• Stay in control - don't use alcohol or other drugs.
• Make the smart choice, say "NO" to sex - for now!
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program
Sexual Organs
No Trespassing!
Property of My
Future Spouse
In today’s culture advertisers enhance the appeal of their products by associating them with sex.
If you don’t value your own life, no-one else will either - certainly not Hollywood, nor the Media!
Media’s Sexualized Messages
Too late to change his past...But not too late to But not too late to change your future!change your future!
Even if you’ve made mistakes, they are in your past. You can decide right now to begin a new future.
A.C. Green, NBA Star is saving sex for
marriage
Photography by Larry Nichols. Photography by Larry Nichols.
Copyright 1994, USA Weekend.
How about you?How about you?
Become a Person of Character like A.C. Green
By actively developing such virtues as honesty, integrity, endurance, respect for others, becoming more responsible, and living for the sake of others, you’ll have what it takes to:
– Save sex for later by creating boundaries, – Accomplish your short & long term goals, and – Prepare to create a happy marriage and family– Learn about love, relationships, and marriage
Problem of Modern Education
The problem of contemporary education, minimum level of focus on character development:
1. Education for mastery
2. Education in norms
3. Cultivation of the heart
Balanced Education
Character education balances the moral, emotional, social and academic levels of education
3. Education for mastery
2. Education in norms
1. Cultivation of the heart
Moral Goals of Education
1. Mature Character
2. Loving relationships and family
3. Contribution to society
Cultivation of the Heart
Experiences of loveMoral examplesPractice of caring
Moral Goal-Mature Character
Loving and caring heartSelf controlLives for the sake of othersWords and deeds are closely related
First Dimension of Education
Cultivation of the heartDevelopment of mature characterFoundation for other levels of education
Education in Norms
Training in proper behaviorRules and responsibilitiesFor respect and harmony
Education for Character-Balances Love and Rules
Ethics need to facilitate loving relationships and social harmony
The family is the crucible of characterTeachers need to support the efforts of
parents in developing characterRules need to be implemented in a loving
and caring fashion
Moral Goal: Loving Relationships and Family
Strong marriagesEffective parentingEthical practiceAltruism
Second Dimension of Education
Education in normsLoving relationships and familyMoral and ethical education-basis of
technical education
Education for Mastery
Academic education
Technical education
Education in the arts
Moral Goal-Contribution to Society
Technical achievement
Community service
Sustainable environment
Third Dimension of Education
Education for mastery
Contribution to society
Concern for the environment
Character EducationBased on Universal Values
Traditional and contemporary values
Spiritual and material
Eastern and western
Universal Values Criteria
Reversible
Generalizable
Compelling to the conscience
Universal Values Criteria
Objective benefits
Transcend cultures
Embodied as virtues
Virtues list
These virtues are voted for and used more consistently in character education initiatives in the US:
RESPECTRESPONSIBILITYHONESTYCARING
Consensus Model for Character Education Initiative
Representatives from the school, home and community need to be a part of and support the CE initiative
Administrators, teachers, cafeteria workers, bus drivers, student representatives, parents, social workers, business leaders and government representatives need to meet and vote on which virtues will comprise the CE initiative
The Virtue of Respect
• Treat others with respect; follow the Golden Rule
• Dictionary definition “To have regard for or appreciation of a person’s worth; to honor, to esteem, to be courteous and considerate to”
• Be tolerant of differences
How Do We Become a Respectful Person?
Show courtesy and be considerate of the feelings of others
Don’t threaten, hit or hurt anyoneDeal peacefully with anger, insults and
disagreements
Self Respect
Before you can respect others, you need to respect yourself
Acceptance of positive and negative character traits
Realistic goals to improve problems An “honoring” of ourselves, involves holding
ourselves in a positive light, regardless of our mistakes, weaknesses, and problems
Proactive or Reactive
Read the following statements aloud and decide which are proactive and which are reactive. Write a P or R in the blank area.
1. I have to do it right away _____
2. I prefer to be more responsible _____
3. There’s nothing I can do about it _____
4. I control my thoughts and feelings _____
Proactive and Reactive
Write a P or R in the blank space:
5. My friend made me do it _____
6. I’m not responsible for my actions _____
7. It’s out of my hands _____
8. I choose to wait a few minutes _____
9. My life is out of control _____
10. I will carry out my plan _____
You’re in Charge
Write 5 proactive statements and 5 reactive statements not already mentioned. Label each statement with a P and R.
1. __________________________________2. __________________________________3. __________________________________4. __________________________________5. __________________________________
Character Traits of TV Celebrities
Choose three TV programs that you frequently watch and analyze an actor/actress on each of these programs
Name of character________Program_______
Deceitful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Truthful
Sarcastic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sense of humor
Corrupt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Good
Character Traits of TV Stars
Disloyal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Loyal
Impure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chaste
Selfish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Generous
Lazy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ambitious
Indifferent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sympathetic
Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kind
Arrogant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Humble
God/Allah
Husband Wife
Children
True
Love
--- Clan ------ Community ---
--------- Nation ---------------------- World -------------
--- Clan ------ Community ---
--------- Nation ---------------------- World -------------
Create Families of True LoveCreate Families of True Love
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