Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids
David Mall
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
September 16, 2015
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 2
Saft. A world leader for advanced and innovative applications
Sa# is the world’s leading designer, developer and manufacturer of advanced technology ba;eries for industrial and defense applica<ons. The Group is implemen<ng its strategy for high technology lithium-‐ion ba;eries for clean vehicles and energy storage systems.
With over 4,000 employees worldwide, Sa# is present in 18 countries
Mature, reliable technology
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 3
n #1 worldwide in Li-ion satellite batteries
n Mercedes S400 hybrid n First production vehicle with
Li-ion
n Ferrari F1 KERS (and 4 other teams)
n F-35 Joint Strike Fighter
n Airbus A350 XWB
Intensium Max Containerized Systems
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 4
n Intensium Max for ancillary services and renewables smoothing
n 20-foot ISO containers
n Flexible power-to-energy ratio
n Integrated Power Conversion System
n Allows for maximum flexibility n Transportation
n Siting
IM20E IM+20E IM20M IM+20M IM20P
Power (kW) 900 500 1100 2000 1600
Energy (kWh) 620 1000 580 950 420
NTPC Colville Lake Microgrid
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 5
n 30-50 kW base load; 150 kW peak
n Diesel fuel delivery only by ice road n Cost of generation ~$2.60 / kWh!
n New power station n 2 x 100 kW diesels + 150 kW diesel
n 50 kW PV installed in 2014, expanded in 2015
n Without storage a diesel must run 24 / 7 n Covering sudden PV ramps
n PV curtailment likely in order to run diesel efficiently
n No possibility to cover entire load with PV
Battery Energy Storage System
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 6
n Energy storage added to maximize fuel savings
n Saft provided an Intensium Max 20M Battery Energy Storage System containing 200 kW / 231 kWh with internal PCS
n BESS allows network operation without diesels n Voltage-source 4-quadrant PCS sets frequency and voltage n Allows PV array to be sized larger than connected loads
Optimizing PV Size
Hybrid Energy Innovations 2015; Remote Microgrid Case Study - Colville Lake, NT 7
n Used NTPC-supplied load and Enphase-supplied PV data
n System modeling used to analyze PV size vs. fuel savings
n Diesel consumption begins to level out at PV output factor >2.5
n Recommended PV expansion to ~130 kW n Based on just avoiding PV curtailment on average production day
Importance of modeling
n Modeling allows fuel savings to be quantified
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
0 5 10 15 20 25-100
-50
0
50
Time (hr)
Batt
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
Time (hr)SO
C (%
)
65% fuel saved
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 25-100
0
100
Time (hr)
Batt
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
Time (hr)
SOC
(%)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
37% fuel saved
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 25-50
0
50
100
Time (hr)
Batt
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 2520
40
60
80
Time (hr)
SOC
(%)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
5% fuel saved
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 8
High PV Generation Average PV Generation No PV generation
Managing PV curtailment
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 9
n Use of Enphase microinverters with no central controller n Normal curtailment is via frequency droop
n Curtailment needed when battery reaches full state of charge n Frequency droop control not possible without
rotating equipment on the network n Curtailment managed by switching off array
sections
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
0 5 10 15 20 25-100
-50
0
50
Time (hr)
Batt
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
Time (hr)
SOC
(%)
Scalability and Flexibility – Colville Lake BESS Expansion
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 10
n System is designed for expandability n Battery container designed to accommodate doubling energy to 462 kWh n Further reduce PV curtailment and fuel consumption n Deployment of wind turbines also a possibility
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-100
-50
0
50
Time (hr)
Bat
t Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5020
40
60
80
100
Time (hr)
SO
C (%
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
50
100
150
Time (hr)
Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-100
-50
0
50
Time (hr)
Bat
t Pow
er (k
W)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5040
60
80
100
Time (hr)
SO
C (%
)
PVPVnetLoadDiesel
Battery configuration 4 ESSUs 8 ESSUs
Load kWh 2530 Diesel-‐only fuel consumption (gal) 217.6 PV total (kWh) 2008 PV curtailment (kWh) 359 140 PV net (kWh) 1649 1868 PV % of load 65% 74% Diesel fuel consumption (gal) 60.0 53.8
4 ESSU’s
8 ESSU’s
Scalability & Flexibility: Kotzebue Electric Association Microgrid
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 11
n KEA operates a remote microgrid, disconnected from main grid, above the arctic circle in Alaska’s Northwest Arctic Borough
n Serving approximately 840 members; generating over 18 million kWh / year
n Average load 2.5MW, 3.7MW peak
n Power provided by Wind-diesel hybrid power system n 5 engine/generator sets with an available output of 9.8MW
n 19 wind turbines with 2.94MW generating capacity; about 4 million kWh / year
n Objectives: n Maximize Use of Wind / Minimize curtailments
n Maximize Diesel Efficiency / minimize diesel consumption
n Minimize Diesel starts
n Saft provided a 1225kW / 950 kWh Battery Energy Storage System n Intensium Max+ 20M container
n External 1.225MVA ABB Power Conversion System
Thanks for listening!
n Success in Colville Lake will pave the way to similar systems to be installed in other remote communities
Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 12
Top Related