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LINUX Short cuts
Common Linux commands--system info
` pwdPrint working directory, i.e., display the name ofmy current directory on the screen.
`hostnamePrint the name ofthe local host (the machine on which you are working). Use netconf(as root)
to change the name ofthe machine.
` whoamiPrint my login name.
` idusernamePrint user id (uid) and his/her group id (gid), effective id (ifdifferent than the real id) and the
supplementary groups.
`datePrint or change the operating systemdate and time
` timeDetermine the amount oftime that it takes for aprocess to complete + other info.
` whoDetermine the users loggedon the machine.
` rwho -a(=remote who) Determine all users loggedon your network. The rwho service must be enabled
for this command to run. Ifit isn't, run setupas root to enable "rwho".
` finger user_nameSystem infoabout a user. Try: finger root
` lastShowlisting ofusers last logged-in on your system.
` uptimeShow the amount oftime since the last reboot.
` ps(=print status) List the processes currently run by the current user.
` ps axu | moreList all the processes currently running, even those without the controlling terminal, together
with the name ofthe user that owns each process.
` topKeeplisting the currently running processes, sorted by cpu usage (top users first). In KDE, you
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can get GUI-based Ktopfrom "K"menu under "System"-"Task Manager" (or by executing "ktop"
in an X-terminal).
` uname -a(= Unix name with option "all") Infoon your (local) server. I can also use guname (in X-window
terminal) todisplay the infomore nicely.
` freeMemory info (in kilobytes).
` lsList the content ofthe current directory.
` cddirectoryChange directory.
` cpsource destination e.g.`
cp -r my_existing/dir/ ~ will copy a subdirectory under my current working directory tomyhome directory.
` mv source destinationMove or rename files.
` rm filesRemove (delete) files
` mkdir directoryMake a newdirectory.
` rmdir directoryRemove an empty directory.
` rm -rfiles(recursive remove) Remove files, directories, and their subdirectories
Accessing drives/partitions
` mountSee here for details on mounting drives. Examples are shown in the next commands.
` mount -t auto /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy(as root) Mount the floppy. The directory /mnt/floppy must exist, be empty and NOT be your
current directory.
` mount -t auto /dev/ cdrom /mnt/ cdrom(as root) Mount the CD.
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` mount /mnt/cdrom(as user or root) Mount a CD as user.
` umount /mnt/floppyUnmount the floppy
` Close any application =>Alt+f4.` Minimize any application =>Alt+f9.` Maximize any application =>Alt+tab.` Resize =>Alt+f8.` Move =>Alt+f7.
Command line history
` historyWhen you type the history command, you'll see alist ofthe commands you executedpreviously.
` ArrowUpor Ctrl + pScroll up in the history and edit the previously executed commands. To execute them, press
Enter like you normally do.
` ArrowDown or Ctrl + nScrolldown in the history and edit the next commands.
` Ctrl + rFind the last command that contained the letters you're typing. For example, ifyou want tofind
out the last action you did toafile called "file42.txt", you'llpress Ctrl + r and start typing the filename. Or, ifyou want tofindout the last parameters you gave to the "cp" command, you'll
press Ctrl + r and type in "cp".
Linux essential shortcuts and sanity commands
` Switch to the first text terminal.
` (n=1..6)Switch to the nth text terminal.
` ttyPrint the name ofthe terminal in which you are typing this command.
` Switch to the first GUI terminal (ifX-windows is running on this terminal).
` (n=7..12)Switch to the nth GUI terminal
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` Shut down the systemand reboot. This is the normal shutdown commandfor a user at the text-
mode console. Don't just press the "reset" button for shutdown!
` cKill the current process (mostly in the text mode for smallapplications).
` dLog out from the current terminal. See also the next command.
` dSend [End-of-File] to the current process. Don't press it twice else you alsolog out (see the
previous command).
` sStop the transfer to the terminal.
` qResume the transfer to the terminal. Try ifyour terminalmysteriously stops responding.
` zSend the current process to the background.
OpenOffice.org Writer
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Windows XP
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Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
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SHORCUT KEYS FORMICROSOFTOFFICE
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