Lindsay Frederick
Lighting + Electrical
Ron Dodson | Faculty Advisor
Native American Cultural Center | Arizona
Technical Report 2
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 2
Executive Summary
The Native American Cultural Center in Arizona is a 48,000 sf facility created for tribe
members and visitors to learn about the culture and heritage of the Arizona tribe. The
electrical design is based on cost-savings and efficiency.
The following report determines the criteria for the electrical system, examines the
existing design, and explores alternative solutions.
The nature of its function as a cultural center determined the criteria. The Cultural
Center has short and specific operating hours of occupancy. It contains no important
data or data storage and no important special equipment that relates to life-safety.
The engineers at SmithGroupJJR created a practical design that meets code and is
sensitive to both initial costs and long term costs.
The analysis determined that, even with the other options available, the design from
SmithGroupJJR is the best alternative for the Tribe.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 3
Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 2
Electrical Systems Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 5
Electrical Load Estimate..................................................................................................................... 5
Arizona Public Service Rate Schedule ........................................................................................... 5
Building Utilization Voltages .............................................................................................................. 6
Emergency Power Requirements .................................................................................................... 6
IBC ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
NEC ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Special Occupancy Requirements ................................................................................................ 6
Special Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 7
Priority List for Electrical System Design .......................................................................................... 7
Loads with Optional Back-up Power .............................................................................................. 7
Special/Communications Building Systems ................................................................................. 7
Special/Communications Service to Building ............................................................................. 7
Major Equipment needed ................................................................................................................. 7
Existing Electrical System Analysis ........................................................................................................ 7
Existing Electrical Rate Schedule and Service Voltage ............................................................ 8
Existing Building Utilization Voltage ................................................................................................. 8
Existing Emergency Power ................................................................................................................ 8
Special Occupancy Requirements ................................................................................................ 9
Special Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 9
Existing Electrical Equipment ............................................................................................................ 9
Existing Loads on Optional Back-up Power ................................................................................ 11
Special/Communications Systems ............................................................................................... 11
Telephone/data ............................................................................................................................. 11
Fire alarm .......................................................................................................................................... 11
CATV .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Security – Intrusion Detection, Video Surveillance ............................................................... 11
Other ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Square footage of Electrical and Communications Spaces ................................................ 12
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 4
Energy Cost Savings/Energy Reduction Techniques ............................................................... 12
Electrical One Line Diagram ........................................................................................................... 13
Existing Electrical System Evaluation and Potential Changes .................................................. 14
Comparison of Estimated vs. Actual Connected Building Loads ........................................ 14
Power Company Rate Schedule .................................................................................................. 14
Building Utilization Voltage .............................................................................................................. 14
Emergency Power System ............................................................................................................... 15
Electrical Equipment Analysis ......................................................................................................... 15
Optional Back-up Power ................................................................................................................. 16
Integration Possibilities ...................................................................................................................... 16
Energy Reduction Techniques ....................................................................................................... 16
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 5
Electrical Systems Criteria
Electrical Load Estimate
Assume the following load approximations:
Lighting: 3 W/sf
Receptacles: 1 W/sf
HVAC: 5 W/sf
The resulting energy use would be
Lighting: 145800 VA
Receptacles: 48600 VA
HVAC: 243000 VA.
There is no special equipment to take into consideration.
Demand Factors are as follows:
Lighting: 125%
Receptacles: First 10kVA 100%, Remainder 50%
Mechanical/Other: 100%
Arizona Public Service Rate Schedule1
The Cultural Center should have a secondary service from the power company. For a
facility this small, it would make the most sense for the power company to own the
transformer. Additionally, the service should be provided at 277/480V to support the
larger mechanical equipment and allow for smaller currents corresponding with the
lighting.
General Service (metered kW demand)
Basic Service Charge: $1.068 per day
Bundled Package Demand Charge: $21.149 per kW for the first 100 kW, plus
$14.267 per kW for all additional kW
1 Arizona Public Service <http://www.aps.com/main/services/business/rates/>
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 6
Building Utilization Voltages
Service Entrance: 277/480V
Lighting – 277V
Receptacle – 120V
Mechanical –208V or 480V
Special Equipment – Elevator: 480V
Emergency Power Requirements
IBC
Smoke Control Systems: Smoke Control Systems must have two sources of power: the
normal building power and the second approved standby by ICC Electrical Code.
Emergency Lighting: Aisles and egress require automatic illumination in the event of a
power outage that lasts greater than or equal to 90 minutes and provides at least 1fc
with a uniformity ratio of 40 to 1.
Elevators: “Where only one elevator is installed, the elevator shall automatically transfer
to standby power within 60 seconds after failure of normal power2.”
NEC
Emergency power is required for systems that are essential for life safety. The capacity
must be adequate for all loads to be operated simultaneously. Wiring for emergency
circuits must be kept independently of other wiring, i.e. in different conduit.
Emergency power source must take occupancy and type of service into consideration.
These sources include batteries, generators, uninterruptable power supplies, separate
service, fuel cell system, and unit equipment. I would recommend the use of a battery
source system because it is a low initial cost and because fire alarms and emergency
lighting are the only necessary items for life safety in this facility.
Emergency Lighting accounts for approximately 18000 VA. The elevator adds 13815 VA.
Assuming another 20000 VA for Security and Fire Alarm systems, back-up power would
need to support 60kVA at a voltage of 277/480V.
Special Occupancy Requirements
There are no special occupancy requirements for the Native American Cultural Center.
2 IBC 2006 3003.1.2
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 7
Special Equipment
There should be an elevator in the cultural center to move individuals to and from the
ground floor to the lower level.
Priority List for Electrical System Design
Reliability - Medium
Power Quality - Low
Redundancy - Low
Initial Cost - High
Long term ownership cost - Medium
Flexibility - High
Loads with Optional Back-up Power
Access Control – Card readers
Security System
Special/Communications Building Systems
Telephone/data
Fire Alarm – IBC requirements listed on page 6
CATV
Access Control – Card swipes
Security – Intrusion and Video Surveillance
Special/Communications Service to Building
Telephone
Data
CATV
Major Equipment needed
Space will be needed for the switchboard. There is no need for a generator, meaning
no need for extra space. The rest of the equipment is small enough that it doesn’t
require a significant amount of extra space.
Existing Electrical System Analysis
Electrical Loads
Mechanical Systems 422011 VA
Panelboards 757209 VA
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 8
Connected Building Loads
Lighting: 65249 VA
Receptacle: 351704 VA
Mechanical: 299254 VA
Special Equipment: n/a
Total: 678681 VA
Existing Electrical Rate Schedule and Service Voltage
General Service (metered kW demand)
Basic Service Charge: $1.068 per day
Bundled Package Demand Charge: $21.149 per kW for the first 100 kW, plus
$14.267 per kW for all additional kW
Existing Building Utilization Voltage
The existing design utilizes 277/480V for the lighting system and the majority of the
mechanical system. Receptacles and select mechanical equipment uses 120/208V.
By operating the lighting on the higher voltage, the lighting will draw less current and
reducing the operating cost.
Existing Emergency Power
There is no emergency power generation for the Cultural Center. The lighting is
powered by batteries in case of an emergency.
Panelboard
Connected
Load (VA)
Estimated Demand
Load (VA)
BHA 245293 235940
1HA 68247 58194
1HB 215562 191717
1LK 37800 37800
1LK2 12600 12600
1LB1 95624 67053
1LB2 45116 34551
1LB3 15498 14153
BLA1 54180 43236
BLA2 7680 7680
BLA3 3177 3177
1LA1 44990 31585
1LA2 20560 16835
1LA3 2230 2688
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 9
Special Occupancy Requirements
There are no special occupancy requirements.
Special Equipment
There is an Elevator from the ground to lower level of the cultural center.
Existing Electrical Equipment
The main service is a single ended system with a1200A, 277/480V, 3 phase – 4 wire
switchboard. The switchboard is a steel, NEMA 250, Type 1 enclosure and contains a
IEEE C62.41-compliant surge protection device. It is located in the lower level “SES”
room.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 10
The main transformer is outdoor, liquid-type, and utility-owned by the Arizona Public
Service.
There are 5 step down transformers, 3 – 75kVA and 2 – 112.5kVA, that connect to the
panelboards with receptacle loads. They are NEMA 250, Type 2 with copper coils. The
transformers are a NEMA TP-1 efficiency.
The panelboards are MLO, NEMA 250, Type 1, copper. They utilize molded-case circuit
breakers with mechanical type lugs.
There are three distribution panels fed from the switchboard. The feeder for each is 2
sets of 4#3/0 + 1#3 ground in two 2” EMT conduit.
Conductors are copper and comply with NEMA WC 70. Conductor insulation complies
with NEMA WC 70 for types THHN=THWN and XHHW.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 11
The conduit is rigid steel where it is exposed and EMT where it is concealed.
Receptacles are either straight blade 5-20R or GFCI straight blade, class A with indicator
light.
Switch and receptacle faceplates are smooth, high-impact thermoplastic with metal
plate-securing screws that color-match the faceplate.
The motor starters are individual starters for multispeed motors.
There is no existing UPS for this system.
Existing Loads on Optional Back-up Power
There is no emergency back-up power for optional systems. The only back-up power for
the whole building is with the emergency lighting which utilizes battery power.
Special/Communications Systems
Telephone/data
There is a Main Distribution Frame on the lower level of the Cultural Center for the
telecommunications system. Four electrical conduits run under the building out to a
4’x4’x4’ Telecommunications vault to the east of the building. The vault is provided
service via six – 4” electrical conduit stemming from the service telecom vault to the
north. Additionally, six – 4” electrical conduit lead out of the vault to an existing casino
telecom vault to the south.The rack is then connected to the appropriate panelboard.
Fire alarm
Each space in the cultural center has at least one fire alarm horn and strobe. Smoke
detectors are in the transition spaces.
CATV
There is CATV cable running from the telecommunications rack throughout the building.
Security – Intrusion Detection, Video Surveillance
There is one fixed security camera for each section of parking lot (2). Three security
cameras capable of rotating 180 degrees protect the main entry area. The conduits for
the exterior cameras route back to MDF B106 on the lower level.
Other
There is power fed to the door operators for ADA access.
The drawings do not indicate that any of these systems are integrated, nor are there
demand management systems in place.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 12
Square footage of Electrical and Communications Spaces
Five rooms totaling in 653sf of 48,600sf total building. This means that the electrical and
communications rooms make up 1.34% of the total building square footage.
Energy Cost Savings/Energy Reduction Techniques
The building is not LEED certified, but due to the location in Arizona and the state’s dark
sky ordinances, the Native American Cultural Center employs curfews to turn off the
exterior lighting.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 13
Electrical One Line Diagram
Not to scale. Provided by SmithGroupJJR.
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
T75
400
400A
SPD
M
PANELBHA
T-BLA1
PANELBLA1
100
PANELBLA2
T75
400
400A
PANEL1HA
T-1LA1
PANEL1LA1
225
PANEL1LA2
T112
400
400A
PANEL1HB
T
PANEL1LB1
400
PANEL1LB2
1,00
0A GFI
LSIG LSI
LSI
LSI
TO ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVICEUTILITY TRANSFORMERCOORDINATE EXACT LOCATIONAND REQUIREMENTS WITHAPS.
125-3
225A
LSI
ELEVATOR
80A
BOND TO GROUNDINGELECTRODE SYSTEM,WATER PIPING, ANDBUILDING STEEL PERNEC REQUIREMENTS.
100
PANEL1LB3
300
300A
LSI
AHU-1
SERVICE ENTRANCE SECTION - SES1200A, 277/480V, 3PH-4W42,000 AIC
M
UTILITYMETER
CUSTOMERMETER(A, V, kWhr,PF, VAR)
BUSSMANUNIT
NOTE-ALL PANELS TO BE PROVIDED WITH 20A1PBREAKERS TO FILL ALL 42 SPACES UNLESS NOTEDOTHERWISE.
T30
T-1LAIG
PANEL1LAIG
T75
T-1LK
PANEL1LK
100
PANEL1LK2
T75
T-1LA3
PANEL1LA3
KITCHEN PANELPROVIDE 42CKT FOR FUTUREKITCHEN EQUIPMENT
KITCHEN PANELPROVIDE 42CKT FOR FUTUREKITCHEN EQUIPMENT
PANELBLA3
225FEED THRULUGS
100-5#2 #2 #2 #2 #2#8
T112
T
#1/0
DIMMERRACK
DR
FUTURE.
400
F15
F18
400
F13F9F2
F8 F5
E501
F12AFC=<10K AFC=<10K AFC=<10K
AFC=<10K
AFC=<10KAFC=<10K AFC=<10K
FAM
MAINENTRY
IDF 2155
MDF ROOM
LOWER LEVEL
GROUND FLOOR
120V
120V
120V
120V
120V
FAAP
TVSS
FACP
BATT
AMP
FATCFI
NACFAM
TVSS
TVSS
AMP TVSS
FATC FI
NAC FAMTVSS
F
FI
753015
120V
TVSS
EVAC
FAM FAM
TSWF
110 753015
75 30 1511075 30 15
FIRE RISER AT LOADINGDOCK
DH
(TYP)
FAC
(TYP)
DH
FAC
(TYP)
(TYP)
(TYP)
TVSS
NAC
TYPICAL ELEC. RM.
FAM
120V AMPTVSS
75 30 1511075 30 15
TVSS
NAC
TYPICAL ELEC. RM.
FAM
120V AMPTVSS
75 30 1511075 30 15
SEE PLANSFOR CANDELLA,QUANTITYAND LOCATIONS(TYPICAL)
SEE PLANSFOR CANDELLA,QUANTITYAND LOCATIONS(TYPICAL)
SEE PLANSFOR CANDELLA,QUANTITYAND LOCATIONS(TYPICAL)
SEE PLANSFOR CANDELLA,QUANTITYAND LOCATIONS(TYPICAL)
ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM PROVIDE HEAT DETECTORWITHIN 2'-0" OF EACHSPRINKLER HEAD IN ROOM.
DRAWING NUMBER
PROJECT NUMBER
SCALE
DRAWING TITLE
KEYPLAN
SEALS AND SIGNATURES
ISSUED FOR REV DATE
THINKING CAPSSIGNAGE DESIGN
1425 NORTH FIRST AVESUITE 101PHOENIX, AZ 85004
SMITHGROUP JJRLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
1425 N. 1st StreetPhoenix, AZ 85004P. 602.482.1425
COE & VAN LOO CONSULTANTS, INC.CIVIL ENGINEERS
4550 N. 12th StreetPhoenix, AZ 85014P. 602.285.4822
CARUSO TURLEY SCOTT, INC.STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
1215 W. Rio Salado PkwySuite 200Tempe, AZ 85281P. 480.774.1744
455 NORTH THIRD STREETSUITE 250PHOENIX, AZ 85004602.265.2200www.smithgroupjjr.com
Plo
t Dat
e:
YAVAPAI INDIANCULTURAL CENTER
CULTURAL CENTER WAY,PRESCOTT, AZ
CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.AUDIO VISUAL, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ACOUTICS
2132 E. Villa CourtTempe, AZ 85282P. 480.345.9951
SMITHGROUP JJRMECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING ENGINEERS455 N. 3rd StreetSTE. 250Phoenix, AZ 85004P. 602.265.2200
1 : 1
7/5
/2012 1
1:0
4:5
2 A
M ELECTRICALDIAGRAMS
E5.1.119919.000
KEYED NOTES
SCALE: 12" = 1'-0"1 ELECTRICAL ONE LINE/RISER DIAGRAM
FEEDER SCHEDULEX
100 4#1 + 1#8 G, 1 1/2" C
100-5 5#1 + 2#8 G, 2" C (WITH IG AND EQUIPMENTGROUND)
125-3 3#1/0 + 1#6 G, 1 1/2" C
225 4#4/0 + 1#4 G, 2 1/2" C
300 4#350KCMIL + 1#4 G, 3" C
400 2 SETS OF 4#3/0 + 1#3 G, (2) 2" C
T30 30KVA TRANSFORMER, 480-208Y/120V, 3PHPRIMARY FEEDER: 3#6 + 1#10 G, 1-1/4" CSECONDARY FEEDER: 4#1 + 1#6 G, 1 1/2" CBONDING JUMPERS & GROUNDING ELECTRODECONDUCTOR: #6
T75 75KVA TRANSFORMER, 480-208Y/120V, 3PHPRIMARY FEEDER: 3#1 + 1#8 G, 1 1/2" CSECONDARY FEEDER: 4#4/0KCMIL + 1#2 G, 3" CBONDING JUMPERS & GROUNDING ELECTRODECONDUCTOR: #2
T112 112.5KVA TRANSFORMER, 480-208Y/120V, 3PHPRIMARY FEEDER: 3#1/0 + 1#6 G, 2" CSECONDARY FEEDER: 2 SETS OF 4#3/0 + 1#1/0 G,(2) 2-1/2" CBONDING JUMPERS & GROUNDING ELECTRODECONDUCTOR: #1/0
E501 BUSSMAN ELEVATOR POWER MODULE.480V/3P/100A WITH ALL REQUIREDOPTIONS INCLUDING SHUNT-TRIP, FIREALARM INTERFACE, FIRE ALARM TESTBYPASS, ETC. PROVIDE FUSING PERELEVATOR NAMEPLATE.
SCALE: 1 : 12 FIRE ALARM ONE-LINE DIAGRAM
A. COORDINATE FINAL LOCATION OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ANDASSOCIATED DISCONNECT SWITCHES, STARTERS, VFDS,CONTROL POWER AND OTHER POWER REQUIREMENTS WITHDIV 23.
B. SEE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE ON E7 SERIES FORDISCONNECT AND WIRING REQUIREMENTS.COORDINATE WITHLOCAL UTILITY FOR ALL SITE SERVICE REQUIREMENTS.
C. CONTACT LOCAL UTILITY TO DENTIFY ALL EXISTINGUNDERGROUND UTILITIES.
D. THE SHORT CIRCUIT (FAULT CURRENT) CALCULATIONS ARE ANESSENTIAL PART OF THESE DRAWINGS. CONDUCTOR LENGTHSSHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAMMATICREPRESENTATION OF THE DRAWINGS. ALL PANELBOARDS,SWITCHBOARDS, ATS'S, MOTOR CONTROLLERS, LIGHTINGRELAY PANELS, OTHER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT, ETC THATREQUIRE SHORT CIRCUIT LABELING PER NEC 110 SHALL HAVEAS A MINIMUM, A SCCR BASED ON THE CALCULATED AVAILABLEFAULT CURRENT AT THE COMPONENT LOCATION. ENSURE THATSCCR IS GREATER THAN THE CALCULATED AVAILABLE SHORTCIRCUIT CURRENT AT THE COMPONENT AND THAT THELOCATION OF COMPONENTS COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUMLENGTH SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE. WHERE THE ACTUALLENGTH IS LESS THAN THE LENGTH USED TO CALCULATE THESHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, CONTRACTOR SHALL INCREASE THECOMPONENT SCCR IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDUCTORLENGTH OR INCREASE THE CONDUCTOR LENGTHACCORDINGLY. NOTIFY ENGINEER OF ANY PROPOSEDDEVIATION IN EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS INDICATED ON DRAWINGSPRIOR TO ROUGH-IN FOR APPROVAL.
SHEET NOTES
Electrical Load Schedule
PanelName
TotalConnected
Current
TotalEstimatedDemandCurrent
1HA 82 A 70 A
1HB 259 A 231 A
1LA1 125 A 88 A
1LA2 57 A 47 A
1LA3 6 A 7 A
1LAIG 0 A 0 A
1LB1 265 A 186 A
1LB2 125 A 96 A
1LB3 43 A 39 A
1LK 105 A 105 A
1LK2 35 A 35 A
BHA 295 A 284 A
BLA1 150 A 120 A
BLA2 21 A 21 A
BLA3 9 A 9 A
SES 816 A 752 A
T-1LA1 125 A 88 A
T-1LA3 6 A 7 A
T-1LAIG 0 A 0 A
T-1LB1 265 A 186 A
T-1LK 105 A 105 A
T-BLA1 150 A 120 A
T-DR NotComputed
NotComputed
30% CDs - ISSUED FOR GMP 27APR2012PERMIT SET 03JUL2012
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 14
Existing Electrical System Evaluation and Potential Changes
Comparison of Estimated vs. Actual Connected Building Loads
The estimates were based on averages for commercial buildings. In this case, the
cultural center incorporates LED technology which reduces the watts consumed. The
receptacle loads were greatly under-estimated, which could be due to the fact that
there are many receptacles in each room, i.e. more than a normal office building. The
mechanical estimate is relatively similar to the actual connected load.
Power Company Rate Schedule
Arizona Public Service is the only electric provider in the area. The voltage provided by
APS is 277/480V which is necessary to provide power to the HVAC units; therefore, I
wouldn’t suggest a change there. The rate schedule is based on the building system’s
capacity and therefore the rate cannot vary from the existing rates.
Note that there are advantages to a 120/208V system, in that there would be no need
for step-down transformers that end up taking up space in the electrical rooms. It also
means that the owner is reducing the initial cost of buying more transformers. With that
in mind, by running the lighting on 277/480V the owner will see another cost savings. The
existing lighting is specified at 277/480, but most of the light fixtures have a 120V
counterpart.
A 227/480V service also provides a better quality in that it reduces the harmonics.
I think it is still necessary, considering the equipment in the building to use a 277/480V
service.
Building Utilization Voltage
Lighting: The existing is 277/480, but it could be operated at 120/208V. For longer runs
however, wire size will increase a size or two just by using 120/208V over 277/480V; this
also means a higher voltage drop across the length of the wire. For initial cost concerns,
this could be a savings on the cost of copper.
Receptacle: Receptacles are operated on 120V.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 15
Mechanical: Mechanical systems should be operated at 277/480V. For the size of the
loads and the corresponding equipment, it would be very costly to attempt to run the
mechanical system at 120/208V.
All in all, 277/480V allows for flexibility throughout the building systems and reduces
some initial cost with regards to the wiring.
Emergency Power System
The as-designed emergency power system is in accordance to code. All of the
emergency power for life-safety systems comes from batteries.
Using batteries over another source such as a UPS or a generator could mean more
maintenance and testing of the systems and their batteries.
Due to the priority being placed on initial costs over reliability, batteries appear to be
the better option.
With that in mind, it is not that reliability is not important. A generator would provide
further reliability and would not require any component to be exchanged regularly as
would batteries. It would also mean that there would need to be more wiring and more
space occupied in the electrical rooms. Any added equipment could provide an
added load on the mechanical systems (cooling) and structural systems (dead load).
Electrical Equipment Analysis
The existing Main Service Equipment is a switchboard. A switchboard is the cheaper
solution for a flexible electrical system. In the case of the cultural center, the operations
of the building are not as important to require that the system must be operating at all
times; therefore, it is not detrimental to the center to shut down the whole system to
make repairs or changes. For the previous reasons, I do not think it is necessary to
upgrade to something like a switchgear.
The system is, as well as should be, single-ended as redundancy is not important here.
The main service transformer is owned by the electric company and cannot be
changed unless the voltage.
The step-down transformers as existing are the highest efficiency transformers. Though
this would provide an overall savings with a short pay-back period, there is also the
option of installing lower efficiency transformers to reduce the initial cost. The as-
designed system is the most cost-effective choice for the Tribe.
Native American Cultural Center Technical Report 2|p. 16
Optional Back-up Power
If a generator were added into the design, it may be beneficial to connect the card
readers (access control) and security systems. This would provide a more reliable source
of power with less maintenance. If a generator is not part of the design, I believe that
battery power would make the most sense in terms of initial cost.
Integration Possibilities
While full building system coordination for the building is not necessary, it could be
beneficial for the lighting and the shades to be controlled together in order to make
the most of the daylight coming in as well as reduce the mechanical loads by dropping
the shades on sunny days.
Energy Reduction Techniques
The Tribe could save further costs by using the technique of demand shifting in order to
reduce the overall cost of electricity by turning off unnecessary electrical loads during
peak hours.
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