ballistics
subdivisions of BALLISTICS:
Internal
External
Terminal
Terminal-Medical
what constitutes a complete firearm:Barrel
Bullet
Hammer
cartridge or ammunition (parts):
shell or casingpercussion capprimerpowder or propellantbullet or projectile
shape of free end:conicalhemisphericalhollow-pointwad cutterglazer dumdum armor piercingflare or tracerplastic sabotdouble actionsoft point
movements of the bullet
forwardspinningtumblingend-over-endwobblingtailwagyawdownward
classification of small firearms as to wounding power:low velocity< 1,400 ft/sechigh-powered> 1,400 ft/sec2,200 2,500 ft/sec
as to nature of the bore:smooth boreinside of the barrel has no grooves ex. shotgunrifled borewith spiral lands and grooves taking a gradual twist ex. military rifle
as to the manner of firing:
pistolfired by a single hand
riflefired from the shoulder
as to nature of the magazine:Cylindrical Revolving MagazineVertical or Horizontal Magazine
bulletflameunburned powderburning powderexpansile gas
abrasion collar
contusso-abrasiomarginal abrasion
contact fire
OUTSHOOT or EXIT WOUNDno definitive shapeedges are evertedbony spicules may be carried along
Shored exitback against the walltight fit clothingwaist band, belt, brassieres
ODD and EVEN RULE
Accidental :
Solitary woundNon-selected areaTestimony of assailantPossibility of accidentTestimonies
Suicidal:Closed or locked rooms, uninhabited or open places.Death weapon almost always presentMuzzle contact or very near contact Location should be accessible to wounding handSolitary woundCompatible direction and trajectoryPersonal history, suicide note, prior attempts, Positive paraffin testEntrance does not involve clothing
Questions to be asked by a Lawyer in court:
Range and direction?Possibility of self-infliction?Signs of struggle?Can victim fire back or resist the attack?Instant or gradual death?Relative position?Is the wound compatible with the weapon used?
NEAR FIRE (shotgun)
shotgun wounds:2-3 ft. muzzle-skin distance - single wound with large entry 3-4 ft.- entry serrated or scalloped (rat hole) 5-6 ft.- wad produces and independent injury at the vicinity of the entry shots 6 ft.- shots begin to separate from conglomerate10 ft.- each shot with independent entries
billiard ball ricochet effect
FORMULA:
D2 -1 = DD2 = distance between the two farthest shots in inchesD = muzzle-target distance in yards
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