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Gas Lift
COMPRESSION STATION
GAS LIFTED
WELL EXPORT LINEGAS/OIL
BORE
SEPARATORPROCESS
WEL
L
NEAR WELLBORESURFACE FACILITIES
Slide 2Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Gas lift System
Low Pressure gas Liftgas
Produced Fluids + Lif t Gas
High Pressure Gas
up the well,
lightening
the fluid
GasliftCompressor
eparator
Liquid
the well
Lift gas
injected at
mandrel
Pwf
Slide 3Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Tubing, Casing, Packer,
High
Pressure Lift
Gas
Produced Fluids + Lift Gas
UnloadinMandrels and Gas Lift
valves
Tubing
valves
(Closed
after
Unloadin
inside the mandrels andthe mandrels is part of the
tubin
Casing/Tubin
g AnnulusOperating
Valve
(Always
Upper valves are for
unloading
Packer
open)
Bottom valve is foroperationPerforationsReservoir
Slide 4Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
5 1/2 MMRG-4, 1 1/2 POCKET
ROUND MANDREL DESIGN CAMCO
OrientingSleeve
ToolDiscriminator
G LatchLug
PolishedSeal Bore
ENGINEERING DATA
PART NUMBER 05712-000-00001
SIZE 5 1/2. . .
MIN I.D. 4.756
DRIFT I.D. 4.653THREAD 17 LB/FT MANN BDS B x P
TEST PRESSURE INTERNAL 7740 PSI
LATCH TYPE RK, RK-1, RKP, RK-SPKICKOVER TOOL OM-1, OM-1M, OM-1SRUNNING TOOL RK-1 15079PULLING TOOL 1 5/8 JDS 15155
MATERIAL 410 S.S., 13 CR 22 HRC MAX
Slide 5Section 2 - Hardware
TENSILE STRENGTH (EOEC) 490,000 LBS
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Gas Lift
CAMCO
Slide 6Section 2 - Hardware
..
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Gas Lift
Gas lift Valve Features
Bellows protection
Max dome char e
Check valve Stem travel
Elastomers
Max fluid rate
Slide 7Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
IPO G/L Valve Com onents
Check valve to hold
Dome area which
holds nitrogen
Valve bellows. Grows
in length with
pressure charge
.
Valve stem with ball
tip
Check valve. Seats
Valve choke
w en u ve oc y s
in upward direction.
Slide 8Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Gaslift Valve Installation
A as lift valve is run and
pulled with a special
kickover pulling tool
Slide 9Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
T e of Gas Lift Valves
3 basic types of gas li ft valves, each available in 1 & 1-1/2
sizes:
Dummy Orifice Unloadingva ves va ves va ves
(DKO-2) Venturi (nova)
operated valve (BK-1) production pressure
(BKR-5, RF-1)
Throttling/proportional-
Combination valve
Slide 10Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
IPO Valve
Advantages
Flexible to uncertainty of well data
Re-opening of unloading valves can be avoided
Requires higher injection pressure
Field personnel need to intervene once the well isunloaded and flowing to reduce injection pressure to
close the unloading valves
, , .need to readjust injection gas
Slide 11Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
PPO Valve
e common y use ype o gas va ve n uacompletion wells is Production Pressure Operated
Gaslift Valve (PPO) vantage
Utilizes full injection pressure at operating valve depth
Deeper injection depth
Little attention by field personnel Disadvantage
More mandrels/Valves needed than ressure o erateddesign
Needs accurate well data.
Increase in Water Cut/FTHP can cause the shallowervalves to re-open
Slide 12Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Pb
Dome
ChevronPacking
Normally required during
unloading phase only
Bellows
Stack pen on y w en u ng anannulus pressures are high
Pc
Stem Tip (Ball)
Square EdgedSeat
setting pressure
Valve closes after transfer toPt
ChevronPackingStack
next station
May be spring or nitrogenCheck Valve
Production Pressure
operated gas lift valve
charged
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Gas Lift
If Pupstream > Pset, valve opens and maintains Upsteram Pressure = Pset
Diaphragm/Atmospheric Bellows
Spring
Stem
Stem Tip
DownstreamUpstream
Pressure Regulator
Slide 14Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Diaphragm/Atmospheric Bellows
Spring
Stem
Stem Tip
Upstream
/Casing
DownstreamUpstream
Pressure Regulator
S rin O erated Gas Lift Valve
Downstream / Tubing
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Gas Lift
Large sub-critical flow regime
Gas passage dependentThe Square-edged120120140140
160160
180180
(MCF/d)
e(MCF/d)
on downstream pressure
until 40 - 50% pressure
lost
orifice performance
curve
2020
4040
6060
8080
100100
Flow
Rat
Flow
Rat
Poor pressure recovery= large pressure drop &
0000 100100 200200 300300 400400 500500 600600
Tubing PressureTubing PressureTubing Pressure
large energy loss
Slide 17Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
Plot of Gas Rate Versus Pressure
SUB-CRITICALORIFICE FLOWSC
F/D)
RATE(M
NJECTION
GASI
PTUBING = 55%
Slide 18Section 2 - Hardware
CASING
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Gas Lift
Nova Valve
Venturi Valve (orif ice type)
always open - allows gas passage whenever correctdifferential exists
Achieved critical flow with Delta P of 100 psi
Gas injection controlled by size and differential across
replaceable choke Check valve prevents reverse flow of well fluids from the
production conduit
Slide 19Section 2 - Hardware
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Gas Lift
O eratin Princi les of the Venturi THE VENTURI DESIGN ALLOWS THE FOLLOWING :
BETTER PRESSURE & ENERGY RECOVERY
DRASTICALLY REDUCED SUB-CRITICAL FLOW REGIME
CRITICAL VELOCITY (VELOCITY OF PRESSURE TRANSMISSION/SONIC
VELOCITY) ATTAINED WITHIN 10% PRESSURE DROP
Nozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve ProjectNozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve ProjectNozzle-Venturi Gas Lift Valve Project
REDUCES INFLUENCE OF DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE ON GAS PASSAGE =REDUCED RISK TO PROPAGATING INSTABILITY
Pressure vs. F ow Rate SummaryPressure vs. F ow Rate Summaryressure vs. ow ae ummary
300030003000
350035003500
400040004000
1400 psi Upstream1400 psi Upstream
/d)/d)
150015001500
200020002000
250025002500
Conventional Orifice ValveConventional Orifice Valve
Improved Orifice ValveImproved Orifice Valve
w
Rate
(Mcf
w
Rate
(Mc
900 psi Upstream900 psi Upstream
000
500500500
100010001000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 120 1400
400 psi Upstream400 psi UpstreamFlFl
Slide 20Section 2 - Hardware
Downstream Pressure (psi)Downstream Pressure (psi)Data shown is from actual flow testsData shown is from actual flow tests
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Gas Lift
Nova Versus S uare Ed e Orifice
/D)
SUB-CRITICAL
FLOW
CRITICAL FLOW
E(
MMSC
CRITICAL FLOW
TIONRA
ASINJ
E
PRESSURE (PSI) PCASING
PTUBING = 90%PTUBING = 55%
Slide 21Section 2 - Hardware
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