Download - Lec_Feed Prep_MCatacutan_Sept 2_DOST.pdf

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Feed Ingredients & Feed

Preparation

Mae R. CatacutanNutrition and Feed Development Section

SEAFDEC/AQD

September 2, 2014


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Lecture Outline

Part I. Feed Ingredients

Part II. Feed preparation


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Feed ingredients are processed for

suitable mixing with other feed

ingredients.

Processing requires machines and other

equipment.

Well Processed Ingredients = Good Quality Feed

Part I. Processing of Feed Ingredients


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Feed ingredients:

Animal sources (high protein & expensive)

- fish meal, small shrimps, squid meal, meat and

bone meal, blood meal

Plant sources

- soya meal, corn meal, rice bran, leaf meals, copra

meal, wheat flour


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Feed Ingredients are Pre-Processed

Extraneous materials are removed such

as sand, stones etc.

Moisture brought down to less than 10%

to avoid growth of microorganisms


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Feed ingredients are further processed :

- for suitable mixing

- ease in pelleting & extrusion

- improve palatability or acceptability- to remove anti-nutritional factors

(ANFs)

(ANFs diminish the effectiveness of a feed ingredient)


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In-activation of ANFs

INGREDIENT ANFs Processing

Method

Soybean Trypsin inhibitor Moist heat

Ipil-ipil leaves Mimosine Soaking in water

Beans Tannins Dehulling


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Cassava leaves processed into cassava meal

Cassava leaves Nutrients in Cassava leaves

Picture by N.V.Golez

Crude protein 18 - 27.8 %Crude fat 3.6 %

Carbohydrate 43 - 58 %


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Processed Feed Ingredients

Right as received, Left after passing 40 mesh size sieve


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Other Feed Components

binder

attractant

micronutrients

(vitamins & minerals)


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Lipid Sources in Aquafeed


13/35Diameter 4 mm, Length, 10 mm

Diameter 2 mm, Length, 30 mm

Sinking pellets,(produced by SEAFDEC Small-Scale Feed Mill)

Diameter 2 mm, Length, 10 mm


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stable in the water

digestible

homogeneous

acceptable

nutrients in adequate

amount

A good Feed is :


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Feed Preparation is similar to cooking

our food.

Requires heat & containers for mixing.

(by N. V. Golez)


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Important Points in Feed Preparation

Almost uniform sized feed ingredients areweighed according to the formulation

Mixing- protein sources are mixed first, thenother ingredients are added except for the

binder

Binder (flour or carbohydrate) is cooked and

added to the mix


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Steps in Aquafeed Preparation

Weighing

Mixing

Steaming

Pelleting or Extruding

DryingPacking & Storage


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Weighingfeed ingredients based onformulation

Label- feedingredients


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Mixingmix first big quantity feedingredients in the feed formula

ingredients in big quantities are usually protein sources


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Mixingmix separately small quantity feed

ingredients before adding to the mixer

mix small quantity feed ingredients in

a beaker (vitamins & mineral mix)

add small amount of the first

mixture to the beaker and mix


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Mixinglipid sources

after all dry ingredients

has been mixed, add the

lipid source/s


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Cookingflour or the binder

add cooked breadflour to mixer

mix at slow speed


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Check the mix- for water content

check mix by hand

if dry, add water gradually

check again for right

amount of moisture

for easy pelleting


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Pelleting- dough-like feed mix passes

through certain die diameter

2mm die diameterfeed ready for extrusion


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Steaming 3-5 min

Steaming cooks further the

carbohydrate and makes pellet

water stable


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Steaming and Drying

removing from the steamer steamed pellets into drying tray


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Dried feed

moist feed compared to dried feed uncut dried feed


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Dried feed

uncut dried feed, cut feed & extruded feed with uniform size


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Feed as Finished

product


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Equipment/Machines for feed manufacture at

SEAFDEC

Laboratory Scale

100g - 8 kg

Pilot Scale Feed Mill

Pelletizer, 2 T/day

Extrusion Machine 200kg/hr

Feed Preparation


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Machines/Equipment for making

feed

Flaking machine - flake feedPelleting machine - sinking feed

Extrusion machine - floating/sinking feed

Feed Preparation


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Flaking Machine for larval feed

(SEAFDEC/AQD)


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Pelleting Machine at SEAFDEC/AQD

Ingredients storage


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hank you

for your attention