LBA-ECO Synthesis and Integration
LBA-ECO SSC
14 November 2005
LBA-ECO 9th Business Meeting
• Synthesis Leadership Groups– Five group leaders selected by NASA through
proposals– One group induced by – Group meetings on Friday and Saturday– Brief reports by leaders
• These are not the exclusive areas for LBA-ECO synthesis.
LBA-ECO 9th Business Meeting
• Synthesis Leaders– Define products– Assign tasks– Set deadlines
• Leaders reported– What, when, and by whom– Workshops dates
Synthesis Groups
• Forest Disturbance – Chambers/Higuchi• *Fires & Drought – Cardinot/Brando/
(Nepstad)• Intensive Agriculture –
Steudler/Bustamante (Melillo)• Scaling Carbon Fluxes –
Saleska/Rocha/A. Nobre/Shimabokuru• Land-Water Coupling – Richey/Krusche• Land Use – Alves/Batistella (Moran)
LBA-ECO Synthesis: Forest Disturbance
• Leaders: Jeff Chambers, Niro Higuchi• Topics:
– Regional tree mortality evaluation– Remote sensing methods for disturbance– Modeling the consequences of disturbance
• Workshops:– June 2006, May 2007
• Products:– Not yet defined
Tree Mortality Probability Distribution Function
What is the spatial dimension to mortality events?
The temporal and spatial distribution of mortality events at the landscape scale can have important control over regional carbon balance.
What is the frequency of catastrophic events?
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
rela
tive
freq
uenc
y
mortality rate (% stems yr-1)
Rel
ativ
e F
requ
ency
Mortality event size (% of stem)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Development of a PDF for all event size classes
Probability Distribution Function
Event Class Fine Scale Fine-Mid Scale Mid-Scale Large Scale
Size One tree to 5% mortality 5 to 50% mortality
50 to 100% and < 1 ha 100% and > 1 ha
Methods Forest Inventory Plots Ikonos, Quickbird
Hyperion Landsat
Researchers
RAINFOR, LBA, others Palace Chambers, Asner Asner, Souza, Nelson, Roberts
Disturbance Effects on Carbon Dynamics in Amazon Forest:A Synthesis from Individual Trees to Landscapes
• Workshop 1 – Tulane University, New Orleans, Late June 2006– (i) developing a consistent basin wide dataset of tree mortality
dynamics from inventory plot data– (ii) exploring different remote sensing methods for detecting
intermediate-scale (~0.1 to 5 ha) canopy gaps – e.g. blowdowns, selective logging.
– (iii) comparing modeling approaches of forest response to gap disturbance
• Workshop 2 – Tulane University, New Orleans, Late May 2007– (i) exploring a general forest response framework across the natural
to anthropogenic disturbance gradient– (ii) comparing various remote sensing methods for detecting a range
of disturbance types and processes– (iii) evaluating modeling approaches for simulating this disturbance
gradient
LBA-ECO Synthesis: Fires and Drought
• Leaders: Gina Cardinot/Paulo Brando (Daniel Nepstad)
• Topics: (see following slide)
• Workshop Proposed:– February 2006
• Products:– Synthesis paper on Acre Drought and Fire
Emergency?
Extensive Burning of Forests and Open Areasin Southwestern Amazon of Brazil, Bolivia and Peru
August – October 2005. Declarations of State of Emergency
RioBranco
Cruzeiro do Sul
Cobija
Puerto Maldonado
Pucallpa
100 kmRiberalta
ACRE/BR – STATEOF EMERGENCY
PANDO/BO – STATEOF EMERGENCY
MADRE DE DIOS/PE– STATE OF EMERGENCY
BENI/BO – STATEOF EMERGENCY
Components:
- Burned area quantification
- Big fire detection
- Biomass accumulation
- Smoke = Health, Aerosols
- Human dimensions
- Hydrology
- Climate data
Synthesis of knowledge about droughts and fires in Amazonia: Case study of the 2005 drought and fire impacts on Acre
LBA-ECO Synthesis: Intensive Agriculture
• Leaders: Paul Steudler/Mercedes Bustamante (Jerry Melillo)
• Topics: (Wait for Editors Session)• Workshops Proposed:
– August 2006 – Revise Biogeochemistry and Case study chapters
– June 2007 – Cross cutting chapters
• Expected Products:– Book: Recent Agricultural Transitions in the Amazon
Basin and their Biogeochemical Consequences
LBA-ECO Synthesis: Land Water Coupling
• Leaders: Jeff Richey/Alex Krusche• Topics:
– Land-water coupling– Riverine carbon pools and fluxes– Effects of human influence and climate change
• Workshops Proposed:– March 2006– March 2007
• Expected Products:
PACH
PAR
JAU+
RG/FVA JUR
MOJU
COLLEAGUE SITES
FPZF2MAO
PAL AF
RB
JI-P
BEL
SGC
REDE BEIJO RIO 1o SITES
Task 2. PROJECTS ND-31 TG-30 ND-11LC-31CD-33 ND-30 LC-32 & Amigos
Workshop 1 : Land-Water Coupling
March 2006
1. Refinement of synthetic questions
2. Delivery of cleaned data sets
3. Deadline for model readiness
Workshop 2 : Land-Water Coupling
March 2007
4. Cross site analysis
5. Model analysis
6. Water resource integrated assessment, decision support framework tools
7. Jeffrey Richey guarantees completion by December 31, 2007.
LBA-ECO Synthesis: Scaling Carbon Fluxes
• Leaders: Scott Saleska, Antonio Nobre, Humberto da Rocha, Yosio Shimabokuru
• Topics:– Integrated eddy flux dataset– Model testing– Remote sensing extrapolation
• Workshops Proposed: – November 2006 at INPA
• Expected Products:
Caxiuana
São Gabriel Cachoeira
Sinop
Scaling Carbon Fluxes with models and remote sensing
Eddy flux data from a dozen towers spans:
• 1.5 – 3.5 m annual precip
• from 0 - 21S
• from primary wet forest to Cerrado, including pasture and agricuture sitesGoals for Data
• Cross-site comparisons of ecosystem properties
• parameterize and test models
• data-grounded extrapolations with remote sensing
EXAMPLE: Remote sensing Data (MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) shows that
broad areas of Amazon forest “green up” in the dry season:Green-
up region Brown-
down region
Source: Huete, Shimabukuro et al., (in review)
Eddy flux tower site
Dry seaso
n
Satellite & tower both show dry season “green-up”
Sate
llite
EV
I (
bla
ck s
qu
are
s)
Primary Forest (average annual cycle, 6/2001-6/2004)
2001 2002
Converted land, monthly series (Pasture, then Farm after plowing)
plowing
Dry seaso
n brow
n-down
Dry seaso
n brow
n-down
pasture Rice farm
EXAMPLE: Santarem region ground-test: satellite observations (MODIS EVI)
vs. Tower-based GPP
Tow
er
GP
P (
kg
C h
a-1
mo
-1)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Jan Apr Jul Oct
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan AprMonth of average year
Dry seaso
n
(Sakai et al., 2004)
(Saleska et al., 2003; Xiao et al 2005)
Humberto’s ProblemBEFORE AFTER
LBA-ECO Synthesis:• Leaders: Diogenes Alves, Mateus Batistella (Emilio
Moran)• Topics:
– Scaling up of Para and Rondonia case studies– Synthesis of Human Dimensions research (to be refined…l)
• Workshops Proposed: – 2006 (April to June) Belem + Course on Human Dimensions of
LUCC
– 2007 (June to August) Manaus + Course on Human Dimensions of LUCC
• Expected Products:– Book or Special Issue for HD Synthesis
Participants and Resources
• Emilio Moran (IU), Mateus Batistella (EMBRAPA), Diogenes Alves (INPE), Eduardo S. Brondizio (IU), Dengsheng Lu (IU), Leah VanWey (IU), Flavio Luizao (INPA), Regina Luizao (INPA), Daniel Hogan (UNICAMP), Alvaro d’Antona (UNICAMP/IU), Larissa Chermont (UFPA)
• Draw on HD contacts and lessons from previous LBA/HD initiatives:
• * B.K. Becker’s survey of social/human sciences production• * HD workshop in Ubatuba (May 2004): Diogenes Alves,
Mateus Batistella, Bertha Becker (UFRJ), Eustaquio Reis (IPEA), Roberto Araújo (MPEG), Wanderley Costa (USP), Ademar Romeiro (UNICAMP), Paulo Egler (ABC), Francisco Costa (NAEA/ADA) + Tatiana Schor (UFAM)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Def pre-1969 Def 1970-85 Def 1985-91 Def 1991-95 Def 1995-00P
erce
nta
ge
of
tota
l d
efo
rest
atio
nRiverine community 1Riverine community 2Riverine community 3Cooperative_upland community 1Cooperative_upland community 2Cooperative_upland community3Region, Ponta de Pedras area
Colonist Population Cohorts
Deforestation, Amazon and Pará State
0
10
20
30
40
50
<1972 1972-79 1979-86 1986-91 1991-2001
Time Period
Per
cen
t o
f D
efo
rest
atio
n
Amazon Para
Deforestation, Santarém
0
10
20
30
40
50
<1972 1972-79 1979-86 1986-91 1991-2001
Time Period
Per
cen
t o
f D
efo
rest
atio
n
Deforestation, Altamira
0
10
20
30
40
50
<1972 1972-79 1979-86 1986-91 1991-2001
Time Period
Per
cen
t o
f D
efo
rest
atio
n
Deforestation, Marajó
0
10
20
30
40
50
<1972 1972-79 1979-86 1986-91 1991-2001
Time Period
Per
cen
t o
f D
efo
rest
atio
n
Deforestation Rates
Concluding LBA ECO
2006 2007 2008
LBA Conference
AGU
LBA ECO 10
LBA
ECO
11?
Fire/Drought
Land-Water
Tree Mortality
Agriculture
Flux/Scaling
Forest Disturbance
Agriculture
Land-Water
HDLC
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