Las Delicias, El Salvador
Water Supply ProjectImplementation Proposal Phase I
Trip Dates: May 2012Presented to TAC: March 6, 2012
Presentation Outline• Overview of Las Delicias Community• Current Water Supply System and Challenges• Proposed Improvement to Water System
– Summary of alternative analysis– Phase I (May 2012)
• New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation• New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline
– Phase II (Fall 2012)• New pump (or VFD)• Improvements to distribution system• Control system improvements and pumping at night
• Logistics and Implementation
Las Delicias, El Salvador
Las Delicias
Las Delicias, El Salvador• Community Facts
– ~600 homes, 2700 residents– 15 miles NW of San Salvador– On Western Slopes of Volcan San Salvador– Homes Spread Out, but Las Delicias is
Bordered by Several Similar Communities– Water Storage & Piping System installed 20
years ago With Water Delivery by Truck– Well and Pump Installed < 5 years ago– Residents are Poor (<$10/week income)– Community Well-Organized through Adesco
and NGOs (FIAT & FIMRC)– Able to spend about $5 per household on
water each month
Project History • Project FIAT and FIMRC have been active in Las Delicias for > 5 years• Initial Contact with Project FIAT (Dave H.)
January 2009• Application to EWB-USA
March 2009• Project Approved
May 2009• Preliminary Assessment Visit
July 2009• First Assessment Trip
July 2010• Second Assessment Trip
November 2011
Map of Las Delicias Water System
DOWNHILL
Current Las Delicias Water Supply & Storage System
• Pump Runs 6 Hours a day 4 days/week ~ 26 hr/wk.
• Pump flow rate: 175-200 GPM.
260 Homes Served by Tanque 3
33 Homes Served
by Tanque 2291 Homes Served by Tanque 1
DOWNHILL
Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated
Summary of Existing Water SystemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS CURRENT FROM TANK 1 CURRENT FROM TANK 2 CURRENT FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 291 # homes = 33 # homes = 260# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1310 # people = 148.5 # people = 1170Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day 32,738 Demand gal/day 3,713 Demand gal/day 29,250
175 gal/min pump rate Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 11,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 18 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from spring from well
OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 2 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in
2011# Homes in 2007 from
map
Demand gallons
2011
Pipe Diameter
inches
Distance from map
meters
Supplied by Tanque # on map
via
TRAMO # from Tank 1
# Homes3 TRAMO # from Tank 2
# Homes5 TRAMO # from Tank 3
# Homes7
1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 3a 40 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 3b 18 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper 6 upper 37 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 6 lower 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 6a 6 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper 10 17 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower 11 19 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 4 13 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 5 20 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 12 10Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper 0 0 CallePrin Lower 32NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewNW 57NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewSW 44
Challenges to Las Delicias Water Supply System• High electric cost
– Typical ADESCO revenue from water fee ~$2300/mo
– Typical monthly cost for water system ~$2000/mo (mostly electicity ~$1500/mo)
– Pumps run about 26 hr/wk– Not taking advantage of nightime off-peak rates– Power factor on pumps leads to monthly fine of
$50/month.• Inequitable water distribution
– Some homes report receiving water <1x/week and low flowrates
– “Valvulero” controls distribution via valves to zones (“Tramo”) throughout community
– Large number of new homes at low elevation• Culture of scarcity where residents hoard
water when it is flowing• Water Quality:
– Effectiveness of in-line chlorination is not clear
Electric BillMonthly Income for Las Delicias ADESCO
Water System Expenses
Alternatives Analysis Summary• Drilling another well ($3500 for hydrogeological study) We spoke
with a hydrologist in country and drilling a new well at higher elevation is considered to have low probability for success.
• Solar power for pump (eliminated due to high cost >$50K)• Additional tank locations (three considered – current location on
public land and co-located with current tank) Other locations require land purchase which could be costly and time consuming.
• VFD (variable frequency drive – possibility but must consider approx. 10% loss in pump efficiency at lower head)
• New pump for better efficiency at lower head.
Proposed Updates to Las Delicias Water System
• Objectives– Utilize existing and new tank at intermediate elevation to supply water to lower half of Las
Delicias with lower pumping head required.– With new pump (or VFD on existing) and supply line reduced electricity costs due to
lower head will result in more water for the community.– Improved distribution system more equitable water supply to all homes (especially at
lower elevations)• Phase I (May 2012)
– New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation– New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline
• Phase II (Fall 2012)– New pump (or VFD added to existing)– Improvements to distribution piping system– Improving power factor for pump via capacitors to eliminate penalty.– Enabling pumping during nighttime to take advantage of lower rates by adding a timer
circuit to the pump controller. (approx. 20% savings)
117 Homes Served by Tanque 3
33 Homes Served
by Tanque 2
154 Homes Served by Tanque 1
Proposed Water Distribution System
280 Homes Served by New Tank
DOWNHILL
Modified water systemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS PROPOSED FROM NEW TANK ADJUSTED FROM TANK 1 ADJUSTED FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 280 # homes = 154 # homes = 117# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1260 # people = 693 # people = 526.5Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day31,500 Demand gal/day 17,325 Demand gal/day 13,163
175 gal/min pump rate Tanks Volume 28,600 Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 2.72 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from well from well
OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map WITH CONNECTION "B" Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in
2011# Homes in 2007 from
map
Demand gallons
2011
Pipe Diameter
inches
Distance from map
meters
Supplied by Tanque # on map
via
Accessible?2
Tramo from
New with B
# Homes2 Tramo #2 Homes Tramo #3 Homes2
1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 0 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 0 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 0 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 0 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 0 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 0 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 0 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 Yes 3a 40 0 0 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 Yes 3b 18 0 0 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 6 upper 37 0 0 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 Yes 6 lower 0 0 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 Yes 6a 6 0 0 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 10 17 0 0 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower Yes 11 19 0 0 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 0 0 0 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 0 0 0 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower Yes 12 10 0 0 0 0Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper Yes CallePrin Lower 32 0 0 0 0NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewNW 57 0 0 0 0NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewSW 44 0 0 0 0
Summary of potential changes in water distribution system
CURRENT SYSTEM• Storage
– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal
• Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm, ~4 days per week
• Spring supplies water to Tanque 2 (and other tanques)
• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 2912. 333. 260
PROPOSED MODIFICATION• Storage
– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal– New Tank (combination): 28,600 gal
• Current 65 HP Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm
• New 20 HP pump will supplywater to new tank at 175 gpm with much lower head and energy savings.
• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 1542. 333. 117New: 280
New tank reduces demand of water from Tanques 1&2 (which require high head) by roughly 50%
Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
DOWNHILL
Exisiting 11,000
gallon tank
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LINE
1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTION
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LINE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
New Tank Design – Location and Coupling with Old Tank
Design of New Tank – 3D view of Block/Rebar construction
Tank Design response to J. Knight concerns
• Concrete block vs poured concrete. Block recommended by local Structural Engineer (Daniel Rivera).
• Assumed strength of concrete (2000-3000 psi acceptable – steel strength controls) Local Engineer accepted 3000 psi concrete although 2000 psi concrete will work as well.
• Tank seal at base of wall – We will look into this in further detail and will add it if necessary. We will contact seal manufacturer and seek advice of a water engineer before making a decision.
• Supply pipes will be connected to both tanks with shutoff valve to each.
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LINE
1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTION
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LINE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
Design of Additional Pipelines for- supplying water to tank- distributing water
636638640642644646648650652654656
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Elev
ation
(m)
Distance from Connection to Main Supply Pipe (m)
Profile of New Supply Pipe
ElevationA
B
C
105 m
240 m
D
638 m640 m
643 m
651 m
Elevation:640 m
655 m
Supply Pipe 1 Pipe Profile NEW TANK
Tee connect
to 6” pipe
Gate Valve
45° Elbow
90° Elbow with
anchorGate Valve
90° Elbow
90° Elbow
Pipe Exit
PIPE FITTINGS
Tee with Manual Air release valve
Tee with Manual drain valve
Road Crossing
Road Crossing
Estimate of head losses in supply pipe 1 (smooth PVC)
4” PVC sufficient to keep major and minor losses to <10% of the elevation change
Item 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/2" 4"D_pipe (in) 1.029 1.36 1.59 2.047 2.445 3.042 3.521 3.998D_pipe (m) 0.026 0.035 0.040 0.052 0.062 0.077 0.089 0.102A (m^2) 5.37E-04 9.37E-04 1.28E-03 2.12E-03 3.03E-03 4.69E-03 6.28E-03 8.10E-03A (cm^2) 5.37 9.37 12.81 21.23 30.29 46.89 62.82 80.99V (m/s) 20.50 11.74 8.59 5.18 3.63 2.35 1.75 1.36Re 5.36E+05 4.05E+05 3.47E+05 2.69E+05 2.26E+05 1.81E+05 1.57E+05 1.38E+05f 0.0117 0.0125 0.0130 0.0139 0.0145 0.0153 0.0159 0.0164
h_L major (m) 3593.8 955.5 454.9 137.0 58.9 20.9 10.4 5.7h_L minor (m) 267.7 87.7 47.0 17.1 8.4 3.5 2.0 1.2h_L major (% of z) 4667.3% 1240.9% 590.8% 177.9% 76.5% 27.1% 13.5% 7.4%h_L minor (% of z) 347.6% 113.9% 61.0% 22.2% 10.9% 4.6% 2.5% 1.5%
Supply Pipe 1 Trenching• Based on recommendations from EWB Water Resource Guidelines and
advice from Tony Sauder:– 70 cm trench depth (45 cm depth acceptable except in road crossing) with pipe
buried below 50 cm– 10 cm bedding (2-12 mm soil) if stones/rocks present in trench– Back-fill with soil that is free of lumps, from stones (>3 cm), and from organic matter– PVC pipe joined in trench and cure for >10 hr prior to pressurizing. Keep joints
exposed to check for leaks. Expansion joints not necessary– For road crossing, may bury PVC pipe inside steel or concrete pipe (ID > diameter of
PVC joints); final decision to be made in the field after evaluating potential for erosion
70 cm trench depth
10 cm bedding
10 cm
50 cm
Valve Boxes
• Design options– Obtain pre-cast valve boxes with lockable lids locally – Build from bricks and mortar with metal lids
• Specifications– 4” Pipe centered about 55 cm below ground level– Box should extend 10 cm above ground level– Internal dimensions roughly 45cmx45cm– Place support under valvePhotos of current valve boxes installed in Las Delicias
Valve Box Design
Drawing of valve boxes to be constructed at Las Delicias
Thrust Anchors for Elbows &Tees
From Russ Turner, Tetratech
Summary of May 2012 ImplementationKeys to Success:
• Success assured by working closely with:– Local community providing excavating equipment, funds, land and labor.– Local Rotary Club and Structural Engineer Daniel Rivera providing funds,
logistics and expertise.– NGO – Project FIAT helping with funds, logistics and volunteers as well as
arranging for a cement mixer. FIAT has vast experience doing these types of projects in El Salvador.
– The Honorary Consul of El Salvador in Philadelphia is working with one of our members (Paolo) to help coordinate the project with the local Mayors office. She has also informed us that she will arrange to allow us to ship components (such as pumps) to the country tax and duty free.
– NGO - FIMRC providing local health related services to the community and EWB by helping us define objectives and measure results.
Summary of Finances for Implementation
• Local community provides excavation equipment, land, material transportation and field labor (assume avg. 4 people, 8 hrs/day for duration of project)
• Chapter currently has about $28,500 available for this project including.– $15,000 Rotary Grant (must be used by September – specifically ear-
marked for tank)– $8,000 from Project FIAT– $5,500 in chapter funds
• Costs are estimated at about $27,000 including:– Tank estimate - $12,500– Piping estimate - $10,500– Transportation estimate $4,000– We plan to raise additional funds to cover gap costs between now and
May. We will delay piping if funds prohibit completion until the Fall.
Logistics and Implementation Plan • Engineer – Daniel Rivera of Local Rotary in San Salvador will
coordinate with local government, obtain building permit, help organize material delivery and oversee installation through periodic visits.
• Project FIAT volunteers will coordinate with local community, organize material deliveries, hire an albañil, provide secure space for materials, provide cement mixer, supply working volunteers and provide lodging and transportation for EWB volunteers.
• Local community will provide land, excavating equipment and labor as well as help in transporting materials to site.
• EWB volunteers will provide supervision, project management and labor. EWB volunteers will cover entire 5 week installation.
Schedule for Implementation
Contingency Plans (worst case scenarios) for Implementation
• Project can proceed even if EWB members are not present every day.
• Control runoff and use tarps if heavy rains become problematic.
Material Procurement• Project Fiat has executed many similar projects. They know
exactly where the type of materials used on this project can be obtained locally. Project FIAT will provide a locked building close to the tank site where materials can be securely stored.
• All material will be sourced locally. All materials are common everyday building materials.
• Daniel Rivera has reviewed the material list and did not have any issues with our selections. (He did recommend using grade 40 rebar instead of 60 and we followed his recommendation)
• The area near the village includes heavy industry and business enterprise and the community is only 15 miles from a major city. We foresee no major issues sourcing materials.
Plans for Phase II Implementation (Fall 2012)
• Install new pump (or VFD)• Install Power Factor Correction Capacitors• Install Timer Circuit to allow Night time
Operation• Install additional distribution pipes.
Metrics
• Increase water supply by ~40% without increasing operating cost
• Increase in % of homes receiving sufficient water (at least 2x per week)
Concluding Remarks• Project is sustainable through community involvement and
use of:– Locally available materials– Standard construction techniques typical to the area.– Adding to existing water system infrastructure using
identical technologies. O&M will be the same as they are doing now.
– The community already has people in place to operate and maintain the water system.
• Community will benefit through better distribution and more abundant supply with no increase in operating cost.
Top Related