Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)Sasso (LNGS)

and ILIASand ILIAS

Nicola FerrariLaboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

IDM2004Edinburgh, 10 September 2004

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

SummarySummary

The Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)The Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)The infrastructureThe infrastructureThe scientific programThe scientific program

ILIAS ILIAS (Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Physics)(Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Physics)

The ILIAS initiativeThe ILIAS initiativeILIAS and the EU Deep Underground labsILIAS and the EU Deep Underground labs

N. Ferrari IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

Depth: 1400 m (3800 mwe)Location: Gran Sasso Tunnel (Abruzzi, Italy)

Operating Institution: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)

N. Ferrari

LNGS

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

Scientists involved in LNGS experiments: 700 from 24 countries

LNGS permanent staff: 60 (physicists, technicians, administration)

Corno Grande (m. 2910)

Campo Imperatore

(m. 2000)

Monte Aquila (m. 2600)

Underground lab

The area of Campo Imperatoreabove LNGS

Hall C

Hall B

Hall A

The LNGS Underground area

Underground area : 3 halls (100m x 20m x 15m) + service tunnelsTotal volume : 180000 m3

Teramo

Surface: > 6000 m2

Highwaytunnel

L’Aqu

ila

CERN beam

Outside facilities:- offices- mechanical workshop- chemical lab- electronic workshop- computing center- library- canteen- conference rooms- assembly halls- administration department

N. Ferrari

Research Completed Running Under R&Dtopic construction

NeutrinosNeutrinos solar Gno/Gallex Borexino atmospheric MACRO supernova LVD long baseline Opera, Icarus

decaydecayHD-Moscow GeMibeta Cuoricino CUOREDBGS

Dark MatterDark Matter DAMA/NaI DAMA/Libra CUOREHDMS WarpCRESST Genius

Nuclear astroph.Nuclear astroph. LUNA

GeophysicsGeophysics GIGS Tellus UnderseisErmes

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

LNGS: the scientific program

GALLEX/GNOdetector: 30 t Gallium chloride solution main goal: detection of solar n with E>230 keV ( 71Ge(e,e)71Ge)technique: extraction of 71Ge atomsstatus: data taking 1991-2003results: detection of pp evidence for oscillations monitoring of flux over one solar cycle

Solar neutrinos

BOREXINOdetector: 300 t ultrapure liquid scintillator +1000 t buffer surrounded by 2200 pmtsmain goal: study of the 7Be solar other goals: detection of supernova , terrestrial , magnetic momenttechnique: detection of light produced by electrons scattered by solar status: after a partial stop of the activities due to an accident in August 2002 the detector is now ready for filling

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

the results from 11 years of data taking by Gallex/Gno

N. Ferrari

Atmospheric and supernova neutrinos

LVDLVDdetector: 1000 t of liquid scintillator in 840 counters main goal: detection of supernova andtechnique: detection of light from: e (p,e+) n (E>1.8 MeV)e (12C,12N) e- (E>17.3 MeV)e (12C,12B) e+ (E>14.4 MeV)x (12C,12C*) x (E>15.1 MeV)

status: data taking since 1992. Final upgrade in 2001 monitoring SN . Part of the SNEWS network with SNO and Superkamiokande

MACROMACROdetector: streamer tubes and liquid scintillator main goal: detection of magnetic monopoles

detection of atmospheric technique: reconstruction of the tracks of charged particlesstatus: Data taking 1991-2001. Dismanteled 2002results: Evidence for atmospheric oscillations Limits on magnetic monopole parameters Measurement of energy spectrum and angular distribution

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

decay

The Cuoricino TeO2 array41 kg TeO2 crystals

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

Heidelberg-MoscowHeidelberg-Moscowdetector: 11 Kg of enriched 76Ge crystals in the form of HP Ge detectors goal: detection of 0 decay of 76Getechnique: detection of electrons emitted in the decay of inside the HP-Ge crystalsstatus: Data taking 1993-2003.results: Evidence for decay of 76Ge T1/2 = (0.69-4.18) 1025 y <m> = (0.1 – 0.9) eV

CuoricinoCuoricinodetector: 40.7 kg of TeO2 crystals in the form of 62 crystalsmain goal: detection of 0 decay of 130Tetechnique: detection of electrons emitted in the decay of 130Te inside TeO2 crystals operated as thermal detectorsstatus: Data taking since 2003. Expected sensitivity: 6 1024 y in 3 years data taking (0.3 eV)

CuoreCuoredetector: 40.7 kg of TeO2 crystals in the form of 62 crystalsstatus: R&D. Expected sensitivity: 5 1027 y in 5 years data taking (30 meV)

N. Ferrari IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

Dark matter search

DAMA/NaIDAMA/NaIdetector: 100 kg of NaI crystalstechnique: detection of light produced by WIMPs elastic scattering on NaI nucleistatus: 1995-2002Results: Data from 7 annual cycles show a modulation compatible with WIMPs interactions

LIBRALIBRAdetector: 250 kg of NaI crystalsgoal: confirm DAMA/NaI evidence with improved statisticstechnique: detection of light produced by WIMPs elastic scattering on NaI nucleistatus: Data taking since 2003

HDMSHDMSdetector: 2 HP-Ge detectorstechnique: detection WIMPs in the inner detector in anticoincidencestatus: Data taking since 2001Results: limits on SD and SI interactions of WIMPs

inner detector(200 g 73Ge enriched)

outer detector(2100 g)

N. Ferrari IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

CRESSTCRESSTdetector: Sapphire thermal detectors CaWO4 crystals (phonons+scintillation)

technique: detection WIMPs in the detector crystalsstatus: Data taking with CaWO4 crystals

Nuclear astrophysics

LUNALUNAdetector: two electrostatic accelerators (50 kV and 400 kV) installed undergroundgoal: measurement of nuclear cross sections at very low energies for reactions relevant for astrophysics and nucleosynthesisstatus: Data taking since 1996. Presently measuring the 14N(p,)15O reactionresults: Measurement of nuclear cross sections at solar energies for the reactions: 3He(3He,2p)4He (pp chain inside stars) d(p,) 3He (pp chain inside stars, reactions in proto-stars)14N(p,)15O (slowest reaction of CNO cycle inside stars)study of electron screeningplans: 3He(,n)7Be (production of 7Be inside the Sun)

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

The ICARUS T600 detector600 t liquid Ar TPC

N. Ferrari IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

OPERAOPERAdetector: 1.8 kton of Pb sheets and nuclear emulsions in the formof 230000 emulsion cloud chambers + 2 spectrometers (RPC and scintillating fibers)goal: detection of appearence from the beam from CERNtechnique: identification of the tracks from decay of the emitted by the interactionstatus: under construction; spectrometers completeddetector should be completed in 2006, ready for the beam from CERN

ICARUSICARUSdetector: 600 t and later 3000 tons of liquid Ar operated as a large time projection chambergoal: detection of appearence from the beam from CERNdetection of solar neutrinostechnique: kinematic identification of the decay of the emitted by the interactionstatus: 600 t detector tested and ready to be installed at LNGSInstallation of 3000 t requires major works at the undergroundinfrastructure

The CNGS project

ILIAS

ILIAS : Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science

ILIAS is an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (IA) proposed for funding by European Union within the 6th Framework Programme. It is based on the cooperation

of many EU institutions operating in the sector of Astroparticle physics

France : Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Trento, European Gravitational Observatory

Germany: Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität München, Max Planck Institut für Physik Muenchen, Eberhardt Karls Universität Tubingen

Spain: Zaragoza University

UK: Universities of Sheffield, Glasgow, and London

Czech Rep.:Czech Technical Univ. in Prague Denmark: University of Southern Denmark Netherland: Leiden UniversityFinland: University of Jyväskylä Slovakia: Comenius University Bratislavia

Greece: Aristot University of Thessaloniki

ILIAS is born with the coordination of APPEC (AstroParticle Physics European Coordination)

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

R&D projects1. Low background techniques for Deep Underground Science2. Double beta decay european observatory3. Study of thermal noise reduction in gravitational wave detectors

Networking activities1. Deep Underground science laboratories2. Direct dark matter detection3. Search on double beta decay4. Gravitational wave research5. Theoretical astroparticle physics

1. Transnational access to the EU Deep Underground Laboratories

The ILIAS project is based on three groups of activities: Networking, Transnational Access, and R&D

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

The EU Deep Underground Labs

Laboratori Nazionali delGran Sasso, Italy

LNGS

Laboratoire Souterrainde Modane, France

LSM

Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc, Spain

LSC

Institute of Underground Science, Boulby Mine, UK

IUS

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

The Deep Underground Lab activitieswithin ILIAS

R&D on Low background techniques for Deep Underground Science

Network of the EU Deep Underground Laboratories

Transnational Access to the Deep Underground Laboratories

Support for the access of research teams to the underground labs (travels, subsistence, technical support), specially in support of less favoured countries

Networking of the Underground Labs for: - service and facilities improvement, and extention of the underground sites - Safety problems and accident prevention - Communication, outreach, and scientific coordination

R&D to strengthen and enlarge the low background facilities in the underground labs

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04

Deep Underground labs in Europe are major infrastructures where important experiments on fundamental rare-event and astroparticle physics are underway :- dark matter searches- double beta decay- neutrino physics and astrophysics- nuclear astrophysics

ILIAS gives the opportunity to start an effective collaboration amongthe labs and with the astroparticle physics community based on

networking coordinated transnational access to the 4 infrastructures joint R&D on low background techniques

IDM2004 – Edinburgh, 10-sep-04