8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
1/36
KUMPULAN 13
ZUNAIRAH BINTI ABU BAKAR D20091036028NURUL ATIQAH BINTI DAUD D20091036026NOR HAFIZAH BINTI ISHAK D20091036025
FARHANA BINTI MOHD JAAFAR D20091036048
MINGGU 5
17 OKTOBER 2011
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
2/36
PROBLEM BASEDLEARNING (PBL)
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
3/36
PBL places students in small groups and
provides a means by which they caninvestigate real problems.
According to Fincham et al. (1997), "PBL
does not present a new curriculum butrather the same curriculum through adifferent teaching method,"
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
4/36
PBL Cycle
TheProblem
What weDontknow
Learn whatwe dont
know
Apply thisknowledge
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
5/36
Effective problems are those that engagestudent interest and motivate them toprobe for deeper understanding concepts.
Good problems ask students to formulate
ideas or judgments based on facts thatmay be prior knowledge, information givenin the scenario, and logic.
Problem-based learning usuallyincludes several steps :
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
6/36
1. Problem is presented and read by groupmember, while another acts as scribe to mark
down FACTS as identified by group.2. Students discuss what is known (the facts).
3. Students discuss what they think and identify
the broad problem (brainstorm their ideas andformulate their hypotheses).
4. Students identify their learning needs (whatthey need to learn in order to prove or disprove
their ideas).5. Students share research findings with their
peers, then recycle steps 2-4
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
7/36
The tutor in PBL course is a facilitator.The tutor encourages the students to
explore their own knowledge anddetermine their own needs.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
8/36
Tutor generally refrains from providinginformation, but instead prompts to
generate discussion and learning amongstthe students by :
1)Clarifying discussion2)Suggesting avenues of investigation3)Putting a problem in context4)Prioritising issues
5)Intervening in negative group dynamics
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
9/36
The beauty of PBL is that students use their prior
knowledge when developing ideas and formulatingthose ideas into hypothesis that can be tested. Theadvanced level of a high school student will result ina deeper, more complex investigation than would be
done by a younger student.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
10/36
RUJUKAN
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdf
http://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspx
http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/u
sc-csp/Quikfacts.htm
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdfhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdfhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdfhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/ccmb/usc-csp/Quikfacts.htmhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.acs.edu.au/enrolment/problem-based-learning/default.aspxhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdfhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdfhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/clpd/resources/leap/leapinto/ProblemBasedLearning.pdf8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
11/36
PROJECT BASEDLEARNING
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
12/36
Project based learning is a dynamicapproach to teaching in which students
explore real world problem andchallenges, simultaneously developingcross-curriculum skill while working insmall collaborative groups.
Project based learning is filled with activeand engaged learning, it inspires studentsto obtain a deeper knowledge of the
subjects they are studying Projects based learning helps students
apply what they learn to real-lifeexperiences and provide an all-around
enriching education
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
13/36
What Every Good ProjectsNeeds
First Students must perceive the work as personally
meaningful, as a task that matters and thatthey want to do well
Second
A meaningful projects fulfills an educational purpose.
f
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
14/36
7 Essentials for projects-basedlearning
1. A need to knowTypical projects (and most instruction) beginby presenting students with knowledge andconcepts and then, once learned, give themthe opportunity to apply them. PBL beginswith the vision of an end product orpresentation which requires learning specific
knowledge and concepts, thus creating acontext and reason to learn and understandthe information and concepts.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
15/36
2. A driving question
These focus students work and deepen their
learning by centering on significant issues,debates, questions and/or problems.
3. Students voice and choice
students can decide what products they will create,
what resources they will use, and how they willstructure their time. Students could even choose aprojects topic and driving question.
21 t kill
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
16/36
4. 21st century skills requires critical thinking, problem solving,
collaboration, various forms of communication andthe use of technology. They also have to learn to
work as a team and contribute to a group effort. Which serve them well in the workplace and life.
This exposure to authentic skill meets the secondscriterion for meaningful work.
5. Inquiry and innovation In real inquiry, students follow a trail that begins with
their own questions, leads to a search for resourcesand the discovery of answers, and often ultimately
leads to generating new questions, testing ideas,and drawing their own conclusions.
this inquiry should lead students to constructsomething new an idea, an interpretation, a newway of displaying what they have learned.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
17/36
6. Feedback and revision Students use peer critique to improve their work to
create higher quality products.
Students need to learn that most peoples firstattempts dont result in high quality and that revision
is a frequent feature of real-world work.
7. A publicly presented product When students present their work to a real
audience, they care more about its quality.
What you know is demonstrated by what you do,and what you do must be open to public scrutiny and
critique.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
18/36
Why use PBL?
Students gain a deeper understanding ofthe concepts and standards at the heartof a project. Projects also build vital
workplace skills and lifelong habits oflearning. Projects can allow students toaddress community issues, explorecareers, interact with adult mentors, use
technology, and present their work toaudiences beyond the classroom. PBLcan motivate students who might
otherwise find school boring or
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
19/36
Rujukan
Why Teach with Project-Based Learning?:Providing Students With a Well-RoundedClassroom Experience retrieved 17 October2011 from http://www.edutopia.org/project-
learning-introduction What is PBL? retrieved 17 October 2011 from
http://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pbl
7 Essentials for projects-based learningretrieved 17 October 2011 fromhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdf
http://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pblhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pblhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introduction8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
20/36
PROJECT BASED
LEARNING
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
21/36
Project based learning is a dynamicapproach to teaching in which students
explore real world problem andchallenges, simultaneously developingcross-curriculum skill while working insmall collaborative groups.
Project based learning is filled with activeand engaged learning, it inspires studentsto obtain a deeper knowledge of the
subjects they are studying Projects based learning helps students
apply what they learn to real-lifeexperiences and provide an all-around
enriching education
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
22/36
What Every Good ProjectsNeeds First
Students must perceive the work aspersonally meaningful, as a task that
matters and that they want to do well Second
A meaningful projects fulfills an educationalpurpose.
7 E ti l f j t b d
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
23/36
7 Essentials for projects-basedlearning
1. A need to knowTypical projects (and most instruction) beginby presenting students with knowledge andconcepts and then, once learned, give themthe opportunity to apply them. PBL beginswith the vision of an end product orpresentation which requires learning specific
knowledge and concepts, thus creating acontext and reason to learn and understandthe information and concepts.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
24/36
2. A driving question
These focus students work and deepen their
learning by centering on significant issues,debates, questions and/or problems.
3. Students voice and choice
students can decide what products they will create,
what resources they will use, and how they willstructure their time. Students could even choose aprojects topic and driving question.
4 21st century skills
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
25/36
4. 21st century skills requires critical thinking, problem solving,
collaboration, various forms of communication andthe use of technology. They also have to learn to
work as a team and contribute to a group effort. Which serve them well in the workplace and life.
This exposure to authentic skill meets the secondscriterion for meaningful work.
5. Inquiry and innovation In real inquiry, students follow a trail that begins with
their own questions, leads to a search for resources
and the discovery of answers, and often ultimatelyleads to generating new questions, testing ideas,and drawing their own conclusions.
this inquiry should lead students to constructsomething new an idea, an interpretation, a new
way of displaying what they have learned.
F db k d i i
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
26/36
6. Feedback and revision Students use peer critique to improve their work to
create higher quality products.
Students need to learn that most peoples firstattempts dont result in high quality and that revision
is a frequent feature of real-world work.
7. A publicly presented product
When students present their work to a realaudience, they care more about its quality.
What you know is demonstrated by what you do,and what you do must be open to public scrutiny and
critique.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
27/36
Why use PBL?
Students gain a deeper understanding ofthe concepts and standards at the heartof a project. Projects also build vital
workplace skills and lifelong habits oflearning. Projects can allow students toaddress community issues, explorecareers, interact with adult mentors, use
technology, and present their work toaudiences beyond the classroom. PBLcan motivate students who might
otherwise find school boring or
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
28/36
Rujukan
Why Teach with Project-Based Learning?:Providing Students With a Well-RoundedClassroom Experience retrieved 17 October2011 from http://www.edutopia.org/project-
learning-introduction What is PBL? retrieved 17 October 2011 from
http://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pbl
7 Essentials for projects-based learningretrieved 17 October 2011 fromhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdf
http://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pblhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/images/uploads/useful_stuff/7_Essentials_PBL_EdLeaderSept10.pdfhttp://www.bie.org/about/what_is_pblhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introductionhttp://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introduction8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
29/36
Case-based
Learning
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
30/36
What Is Case-basedLearning?
It is a learner-centered educationalmethod for student to achieve learningoutcomes.
Normally it is used in educating futuredoctors, nurse and lawyers.
Useful in any field where there arequestions to be answered
Involves student in a realistic decision- R l d i i h b k l
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
31/36
Related to topics in the textbook, classpresentations and current events.
Students can create their own case-basedlearning activities.Select an area of interest.Work in groups to:a. State the topic
b. Write the scenarioc. Assign roles-Different
perspectivesd. Gather informatione. Guide the responses
f. Present their findings to other
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
32/36
Students and teachers can collaborateto
create sort of interactive experience.
Students can be presented with
scenarios.
It is on going process. Students may add links and
information. Teachers can guide the learning
experience. Together they can adapt the lesson to
the s ecific needs of each learner.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
33/36
Case-based Learning Provides
Learners To :-Engage with characters and
circumstances.
Investigate to understand facts,values,
contexts and decision
Connect the meaning of the story totheir
own real life.
Critical thinkin and uided learnin
El t I C b d
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
34/36
Element In Case-basedLearning:-Use realistically complex problems.
Multidisciplinary.*multidisciplinary: involving people with
different family background, different
jobs or differ in areas of study.
Ask learner to consider the events,decisions, facts and etc.
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
35/36
Problems are real and meaningfulcontexts for learners.
Cases are complex andmultidisciplinary.
The problem comes first.
Learners collaborate and identify whatthey need to learn.
Learners identify and use resources.
Problems require decision making, use
of concepts and skills
Case-based LearningFeatures:-
8/3/2019 KUMPULAN 13 171011
36/36
References:-
Margaret Waterman(Sciences and Mathematics Faculty
Southeast Missouri State University)
Martha Schoene,Renee M. Cicchino,Alisdair Mac Rae
(Seton Hall University-TLTCFaculty Innovation Grant for theSummer of 2005)