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Kenning

Metaphorical compound word or phrase substituted for simple nouns.

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Caesura

A pause in a line that divides the line into two parts, with each part having

two accented syllables.

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Oral Tradition

Literature that is passed from one generation to another by

performance or word of mouth.

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Frame Story

Exists when a story is told within a narrative setting or frame, creating a

story within a story.

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Prologue

An introductory scene in a drama.

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Oxymoron/Paradox

A statement that seems to contradict or oppose itself but, in fact, reveals a

kind of truth.

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Appositive

A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.

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Iambic Pentameter

A metrical pattern of five feet each of which is made up of two syllables, the

first unstressed and the second stressed.

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Soliloquy

A speech in a dramatic work in which a character speaks his or her thoughts aloud, usually while on the stage alone, not speaking to other characters,

and perhaps unaware of the audience.

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Dramatic Monologue

A lyric poem in which a speaker addresses a silent or absent listener in a moment of

high intensity or deep emotion.

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Comic Relief

Humorous scenes, incidents, or speeches that are included in a serious drama to

provide a reduction in emotional intensity.

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Dramatic Irony

Occurs when the reader or viewer knows something that a character

does not know.

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Sonnet

A lyric poem of 14 lines, commonly written in iambic pentameter. The English version

consists of three quatrains and a couplet and has a rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg.

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Internal Rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a single line.

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Satire

A literary technique in which ideas, customs, behaviors, or institutions are ridiculed for the purpose of improving

society.

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Metaphysical Conceit

An extended metaphor that makes a surprising connection between two

quite dissimilar things.

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Antithesis

A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting words, phrases, clauses or

sentences are juxtaposed to emphasize a point.

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Claim

The writer’s position on an issue or problem.

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Parody

Writing that imitates either the style or the subject matter of a literary work for the

purpose of criticism, humorous effect, or flattering tribute.

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Counter Argument

An argument made to oppose another argument.

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Verisimilitude

Refers to the appearance of truth or actuality.

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Diction

A writer’s or speaker’s choice of words or phrases.

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Imagery

Refers to language that appeals to the senses; words and phrases that create

vivid sensory experiences for the reader.

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Allusion

An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the

author believes the reader will be familiar.

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Apostrophe

A figure of speech in which an object, an abstract quality, or an absent or imaginary person is addressed directly as if present

and able to understand.

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Blank Verse

Unrhymed iambic pentameter.

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Symbolism

The use of people, places, or objects that have concrete meanings but also stand for something else (such as an idea or feeling).

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Metaphor

A figure of speech that compares two things that have something in

common.

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Couplet

A rhymed pair of lines.

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Ode

A complex lyric poem that develops a serious and dignified theme; often

commemorates events or praises people or elements of nature.

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Inference

A logical assumption that is based on observed facts and one’s own knowledge and experience.

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Paraphrase

The restating of information in one’s own words.

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Personification

A figure of speech in which an object, animal, or idea is given human

characteristics.

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Hyperbole

A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or

humorous effect.

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Modernism

A literary movement that roughly spanned the time period between

the two word wars, 1914-1945.

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Stream of Consciousness

A technique that was developed by modernist writers to present the flow of a

character’s seemingly unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.

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Internal Conflict

A conflict between opposing forces within a character.

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Motivation

The stated or implied reason behind a character’s behavior.

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Rhythm

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables