JOINTS
Outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Know what the 3 main types of joint are.• Know where each can be found.• Understand what a ligament and a tendon
is.
Joints
• We know our skeleton is made of bones.
• Joints are where two or more bones meet.
• Joints are divided into 3 types depending on how freely the bones can move.
IMMOVABLE JOINTS
• These joints are fixed and no movement is possible.
• For example, the bones in the cranium.
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
• These joints are linked by cartilage.• For example, the vertebrae.• They allow a small range of movement.
SYNOVIAL JOINTS• These have the greatest
range of movement.
• These joints are called synovial joints because they have synovial fluid in them to lubricate the joint.
• There are 6 types of
synovial joint.
Synovial joints
1. Hinge – these have a hinge like a door.
Eg. Knee.
2. Pivot – this type of joint occurs at the neck. It allows
rotation to occur.
Synovial joints3. Ball and Socket – These
joints have the greatest range of movement.
e.g. shoulder, hip.
4. Gliding joint – This is where flat bones glide over each other, such as the small bones in the wrist (carpals).
Synovial joints
5. Saddle joint – This joint is found at the base of the thumb.
6. Condyloid joint – This type of joint is found in the wrist and ankle.
The Knee Joint
• You will need to know the structure of a synovial joint. We are going to take the knee for an example.
• Look carefully at the following slide.
Synovial joint - KneeOuter sleeve called the joint capsule.
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity – small gap between the bones full with synovial fluid.
Cartilage on the ends of the bones. This stops the bones knocking together.
Ligaments – hold the bones together and keep them in place.
Bone
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