Joint Notes From the anatomy and physiology web-site, choose
Skeletal System Upload 7.20 Joint Homework to eBackpack. View the
powerpoint (you have the app) on one partners ipad and complete the
homework on the other partners ipad. Make sure you save and share
when you are done.
Slide 2
Definition functional junction between bones, also known as an
articulation The knee joint
Slide 3
Purpose enable the body to move bind parts of the skeletal
system permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during
childbirth allow for bone growth
Slide 4
Structural Classification 1. Fibrous Fibrous dense connective
tissue joins the bones very little to no movement (synarthrotic)
example: joints of skull (sutures) As you can see on this childs
cranium, the frontal bone is divided into two pieces. This extra
joint makes the skull more flexible during the birth process.
Slide 5
2. Cartilaginous disks of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
connect the bone allow limited movement (amphiarthrotic) example:
intervertebral disks There are a total of 23 intervertebral discs
in the spine. Together they account for approximately 25% of the
total height of the vertebral column (this decreases with age as
disc height is lost). Click on the picture to learn about herniated
discs.
Slide 6
3. Synovial more complex - ends of bone covered with hyaline
cartilage - held together by a capsule of dense connective tissue -
filled with synovial fluid that lubricates the joints - some have
menisci (shock absorbing pads) free moving- (diarthrotic) Study
this picture and then label the picture found on the homework
sheet.
Slide 7
Dislocations Look at the pictures of dislocations shown in this
and the next 3 slides. What type of joint (synarthrotic,
amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic) is most likely to dislocate?
Why?
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Answer: synovial joints Reason: synovial joints allow the most
movement therefore they are more likely to dislocate
Slide 11
Use the illustration on the right to find the structures of the
knee on the MRI. Click here to watch an ACL repair. This is not
gross or bloody. Torn ACL
Slide 12
Types of Synovial Joints Look at the picture and decide which
type of synovial joint is illustrated. Word Bank Ball and Socket
Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle Hinge- bones may only move in
one direction, allows for extension and flexion, found in the knee
and elbow Try It! Swing your knee back and forth in one plane.
Slide 13
Word Bank Ball and Socket Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle
Ball and Socket- allows for radial movement in almost any
direction, found in the hips and shoulders. Try It! Do an arm
circle.
Slide 14
Word Bank Ball and Socket Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle
Gliding joint- nearly flat bones slide past each other, the
thoracic cage has many gliding joints for breathing, wrists and
ankles are gliding joints Try it: Hold your arm upright and wave
side to side.
Slide 15
Word Bank Ball and Socket Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle
Saddle joint- allows movement back and forth and up and down, but
does not allow for rotation, think of one bone being the saddle and
the other bone being the rider- carpal to thumb metacarpal is the
only example Try It! 1. Spread all five digits out, then bring them
all together side- by-side 2. Cross the thumb over the palm of your
hand toward your little finger.
Slide 16
Word Bank Ball and Socket Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle
Pivot Joint- allows rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms
have pivot joints. In the neck the atlas spins over the top of the
axis. In the forearms the radius and ulna twist around each other.
Try It! 1. Turn your head side to side as if you are saying no. 2.
Twist your forearm.
Slide 17
Word Bank Ball and Socket Condyloid Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle
Condyloid joint- An oval shape condyle fits into an oval shaped
depression. Look at the occipital condyle and facet above. Hint: If
there is a condyle, there is a condyloid joint. Try It! Nod
yes.
Slide 18
Label each picture of synovial joints found in the
homework.
Slide 19
Joint Movement Because of joints, the muscles can move the
bones in various directions. These directions are given names.
These names will be used throughout the rest of the course so
commit them to memory.
Slide 20
Watch this video to learn the joint movements. Link: Anatomical
Terms of MovementAnatomical Terms of Movement Fill out your notes
as you watch the video.