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Page 1: JOA · important parameters for the standardization of widely used Ayurvedic herbal formulation Sanjivani vati. Material & Methods Literature review A comprehensive review has been

Journal of Ayurveda Official publication of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan95

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ORIGINAL REASEARCH ARTICLE - PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY

Pharmaceutical and Analytical Exploration Of Sanjivani Vati -An Ayurvedic Formulation

*Dr. Vimal Tewari, **Dr. Deepika Tewari, ***Dr. Amit Kumar Dixit

*R.O.(Ayu.), **R.O.(Ayu.), RARIID, Patna, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Patna,***R.O.(Ayu.), RARIMD, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru.

ABSTRACT

Sanjivani vati is a common Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation described in Ayurvedic formulary of India and widely used for various communicable diseases and other ailments i.e. fever especially infectious (Visham jwara), cold, cough, urinary tract infections, indigestion (Ajirna), and helps to strengthen the immune system and hence re-juvenate the body. Sanjivani vati comprise equal parts of Vidanga, Sunthi, Pippali, Haritaki, Amalaki, Vibhitaki, Vaca, Guduchi, Bhallataka and Vatsanabha. Gomutra (Cow urine) a very essential component is used to levigate the ingredients which helps to bind the pills. It has tremendous effects on fever, indigestion (Ajirna) and upper respiratory tract infection. Vatsnabha and Bhallataka are the two poisonous drugs among the components that increase its quality tremendously. In the present study, an attempt has been made to congregate the various reference of Sanjivani vati to show diversity in formulary and therapeutic indications. Sanjivani vati has been prepared in the pharmacy by follow-ing the standard operative procedures and Qualitative and Quantitative characterization of the drug was evaluated by using standard guidelines. The data generated in the present study may serve as a beneficial tool to maintain the quality aspects of Sanjivani vati.

Keywords : Sanjivani vati; Physicochemical; Polyherbal; Gomutra; Ayurveda

Address of Correspondence: Dr. Vimal TewariR.O. (Ayu.),CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, GoI, Patna

Email ID : [email protected]

Contact No : 8840816388

Introduction:

Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the most ancient sciences that have holistic approach towards patients. It is full of fundamental principles for better health and longevity of life. Its empirical guidelines help in maintaining a balance in the body, mind and consciousness through disciplined lifestyle and in

How to Site the Article : Tewari V, Tewari D, Dixit AM, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Exploration Of Sanjivani Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation, JOA XIII-3, 2019; 95 - 101

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Tewari V, Tewari D, Dixit AM, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Exploration Of Sanjivani Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation, JOA XIII-3, 2019; 95 - 101

treating ailments as well. Ayurvedic medicines help the body by its two principle i.e. enhancing body’s inbuilt ability of fighting and treat the illness itself. Sanjivani vati have unique combination of various herbal drugs and Cow urine helps to rejuvenate and strengthen the body so increases immune power to counteract the adverse conditions and treat the ailment also. Since many decades Sanjivani vati have been recommended in the treatment of diseases of diverse origin as it has very balanced and appropriate combination of those herbal drugs that affect almost all body tissues and make them strong to endure adverse condition.

First time Saragdhar wrote this formulation in his book under vati kalpana. In this formulation, the powder of Vidang (Embelia ribes), Nagara (Zingiber officinale), Pippali (Piper longum), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula.), Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica), Vibhitaka (Terminalia bellirica), Vaca (Acorus calamus), Gudduci (Tinospora cordifolia), Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium), and Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox) in equal amount have been taken & levigate them with Cow urine (Gomutra). After levigation pills of the weight of ‘Gunja’ is made. It has been indicated in Ajirna, Gulma, Visuchika, Sarpadansta and Sannipata. Sarangdhar mentioned ‘Adraka swarasa’ as anupana in all aforesaid disorders[1].

In routine practice it is used in high grade fever like typhoid, malaria and other of unknown origin. It is helpful in allergic rhinitis and arrests loose motions in intestinal infections & worm infestation. In general way it is always used to alleviate the symptoms found in gastro intestinal disturbances. It corrects the Vata, Kapha and Vata-Kapha dominant conditions. It is stated that the recommendation of Sanjivani vati in Pitta predominant

Prakruti and Pitta predominant diseases should be in strict surveillance. The reference of Sarandhar samhita has been quoted by Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI) also and is supposed to be used by either manufacturer[2].Proper validation and standardization of herbal preparations is utmost important in developing era. This is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or a quality assurance for production and manufacturing of drugs. Therefore, the present was undertaken to set some important parameters for the standardization of widely used Ayurvedic herbal formulation Sanjivani vati.

Material & Methods

Literature review

A comprehensive review has been made to compile the various reference of Sanjivani vati to show diversity in formulary and therapeutic indications. The data available is presented in a systematic manner with reference to their ingredients, therapeutic uses, dose, dosage form and anupana.

Procurement of ingredients

For a standard finished product, the raw materials of acceptable variety & standards have been obtained from N.I.A. Pharmacy where certification of identity & purity is done by well-established standardization shell. Fresh cow urine was collected from nearby cowshed. Among the ingredients Bhallataka and Vatsanabha are two poisonous herbal drugs used, so purification of its part is necessary before using in preparation of Sanjivani vati. The table 1 exhibits the desirable part of the plant and its weight that have been used in the preparation of Sanjivani vati.

Table I. Contents, part used and their quantity used in the preparation of Sanjivani vati.

S. No. Name of Drug Part used Form of

Part usedWeight

(Powder)Vidanga Fruit Powder 15gmSunthi Rhizome Powder 15gmPippali Fruit Powder 15gm

Haritaki Fruit rind Powder 15gm

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Tewari V, Tewari D, Dixit AM, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Exploration Of Sanjivani Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation, JOA XIII-3, 2019; 95 - 101

Amalaki Fruit rind Powder 15gmVibhitaki Fruit rind Powder 15gm

Vaca Root Powder 15gmGuduchi Stem Powder 15gm

Bhallataka Fruit Powder 15gmVatsanabha Root Powder 15gmCow urine Urine Urine Quantity sufficient

Purification of Bhallataka

The fruit of Bhallataka has Tary oil in his pericarp that contains Anacardic acid which causes blisters when it comes in contact to the skin so it is utmost necessary to purify before use. Conventionally brick powder (Istika churna) is used to adsorb the oil from exposed fruit[3].

A big bag containing brick powder (Istika churna) was made for the procedure. After removal of thalamus, the black and slightly hard top part of the fruits, the fruits were kept in deep of brick powder. Safety measures were followed to avoid any skin interaction. The whole arrangement was leaved for seven days. At the end of seventh day all fruits were rubbed rigorously in brick powder very safely. There after fruits were recollected and washed in water to remove adhered brick powder and dried in shade. The whole process has taken eight days to complete.

Purification of Vatsanabha

The process that is used for purification of Vatsanabha is called Swedana (Fomentation in sun). Vatsanabha is also a poisonous herbal drug. It is stated in the classic that it can be used orally after proper purification. Cow urine is stated for its purification[4].

Fresh and dried roots of Vatsanabha were cut in small pieces and bundled in thin cloth. Knot was made very loose. Each bundle was kept in utensil full of cow urine. This whole arrangement was kept in sharp sun rays for three days and each day, cow urine was replaced totally. At the end of third day every bundle was taken out and all pieces of Vatsanabha were collected. There after roots were washed with fresh water. Further the whole pieces were kept in shade to dry completely. The whole process

was taken four days to complete.

Preparation of Sanjivani vati

Sanjivani vati was prepared by following standard guidelines mentioned by Ayurvedic Formulary of India. (AFI-1, Section 12/35, P.No.154 (Sha. S. M. K. 7th Ch.18-21). Fresh and dried part of every plant were powdered and sieved through 100 mesh sieve separately. Fine powder of all plants part of exact quantity 15 gm, were taken in a big steel utensil and mixed together properly. There after the whole mixture was kept in mortar. Fresh and measured quantity (500 ml) of cow urine, Bhavana Dravya, was taken and poured in mortar very gently. Sufficient quantity of cow urine is necessary whereby lump could not form during levigation. To blend the mixers uniformly and make homogenous, powders were levigated continuous. When mass was become dry, whole arrangement was kept in shade for next day activity. Next day cow urine was admixed again and the whole process was repeated. At the end of process (3rd day), when mass was become slightly thick, pills of appropriate shape and measurement was made and kept in shade for one or two days to dry. Here gummy contents of Bhallataka and cow urine played a role of pill binder. Dried pills was collected and stored in a suitable container.

Oraganoleptic and physicochemical study

The finished product is evaluated for organoleptic and various physicochemical characters. Organoleptic characters such as color, odor, taste, and texture were analyzed and recorded. Physicochemical characteristics were analyzed by quantitative analysis of total ash, water soluble ash, acid-insoluble ash, water soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, and pH as per the standard

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techniques.

Results & Discussion

Review on Sanjivani vati

The various authors of different time quoted the Sanjivani vati in his texts also. By literary exploration of various classical books, some differences have been scrutinized that are summarized in selected points in Table No. II given below.

As shown in table Basavarajiyam and some other authors have been used Chitraka in place of Amalaki in their formulation. Authors of Siddha yoga sangraha and Rasatantra sara have mentioned some more indications other than described in Sarangdhara such as Jwara, Krimi, Udar shoola and Kasa. Warm water and honey may be options as Anupana apart from Ardraka swarasa. Gunja could be assumed its measurement which is equivalent to 125 mg and it has been accepted by Ayurvedic formulary of India.

Table II. Characteristic of Sanjivani vati in different texts

S. No.

Name of Text Ingredient Therapeutic

Use Doses Pills Size & Shape Anupana Remarks

1 Sh.S.

Vidanga, Nagara, Pippali, Haritaki,

Amalaki, VibhitakiVaca, Guduchi,

BhallatakaVatsanabha, Gomutra

Ajeerna Gulma Visuchii

SarpadanstaSannipata

1-tab.

2-tab3-tab4-tab

Gunja AdrakaSwarasa

The authors of V.R.[5],

Y.C.[6], Y.R. [7], N.R.[8], S.Y.S [9],

A.S.S.[10],R.T.S.[11]

quoted this reference in their

books

2 Bs. [12]

Used Chitraka in place of Amalaki.

rest contents areSimilar as in

Sharangdhar Samhita

- Do - - Do - - Do - - Do -

The authors of V.C.[13], V.Y.T.

[14], Y.T. [15], V.N.R. [16], have written similar composition in

their books.

3 AFI As Sharangadhara - Do - 125mg

Regular size of 125mg

Adraka Swarasa,

Warm Water

Sh.S. Sharangdhar Samhita;V.Y.T.- Vrihat Yoga Tarangini; N.R.-Nighantu Ratanakar, V.C.- Vaidya Chintamani; Y.C.- Yoga Chintamani; Y.R.- Yoga Ratanakar; V.R.- Vaidya Rahasya; Bs.- Basavragiyam;V.N.R- Vrihat Nighantu Ratanakar, A.F.I.- Ayurvedic Formulary of India; P.S.A.F- Pharmacoepial Standard of Ayurvedic Formulation; S.Y.S.- Sidha Yoga Sangraha; A.S.S.- Ayurveda sara Sangraha; R.T.S.-Rasa tantra Sara

In general during determination of drug dose, a common guideline is followed. Desha, Dushya, Bala, Kala, Anala, Prakriti, Vaya, Satva, Satmya, and Ahara of an individual are assessed before drug administration[17]. Sharangadhara has recommended drug dose according to diseases along with general guidelines as one pill for Ajirna, Gulma, two pills for Visuchi, three in Sarpadansta & four in Sannipata condition with the Anupana of Ardraka swarasa. Pandit Shri Harishastri dadhichi, wrote in his book Sanjeevani Samragiyam that dose of Sanjivani vati should be as per age i.e. between 0-2 year-

1 pill, 3-10 year- 2 pills, 11-32 years- 3 pills and >32 years- 4 pills. Sanjivani vati is a drug that can be used in almost every disease if a specific Anupana is taken during drug administration[18].

Bhallataka shodhana

It is observed that, purified Bhallataka fruits were become comparatively light in weight. Table 3 shows the measurements of Bhallataka fruit during and after the completion of Shodhana process.

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Table III. Measurements during purification of Bhallataka

Table IV. Measurements during purification of Vatsanabha.

Table V. Measurements during preparation of Sanjivani vati

S.No. Detail Measurement Remark

1 Weight of Bhallataka fruit (before process) 50gm

Process & handlingloss is also included

2 Weight of Bhallataka fruit (after process) 46 gm.

S.No. Detail Measurement Remark

1 Weight of Vatsanabha (before process) 25 gm

Process & handlingloss is also included

2 Weight of Vatsanabha (after process) 19 gm.

Vatsanabha shodhana

It is observed that, purified Vatsanabha were very soft. After drying, shodhita Vatsanabha was having intense smell of cow urine (Gomutra). Table IV shows the measurements of Vatsanabha during and after the completion of Shodhana process.

Preparation of Sanjivani vati

The colour of mixers was brownish black and there was an intense smell of cow urine during the preparation of Sanjivini vati. Table V shows the measurements during the preparation of sanjivini vati.

S. No. Detail Measurement Remark

1 Total weight of herbal drug (before preparation)

150 gm

Process & handlingloss is also included 2 Cow urine used

(for levigation)1000ml

(total in two days)

3 Total weight of powder (after preparation) 167 gm

Analytical, organoleptic and physiochemical characterization

Some preliminary and basic quality controlling parameters are important to assess the quality & genuineness of the formulation. General organoleptic character and other physicochemical parameters such as, loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, pH, of Sanjivini vati have been assessed. The finished product was brownish black in colour, smell of cow urine with bitter taste and soft texture.

Physicochemical parameters such as moisture

content, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, pH of the drug and alcohol soluble extract of Sanjivani vati (quantitative analysis) has been find out through validated methods (Table VI).

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Table VI. Organoleptic and Physicochemical properties of prepared Sanjivani Vati

S. No. Character Finding

1 Colour Brownish black

2 Odour Urine Smell3 Taste Bitter4 Texture Soft5 Moisture Content 5.79% w/w6 Ash 6.55% w/w7 Acid Insoluble Ash 0.424% w/w8 Water Soluble Ash 5.11% w/w9 PH Of 5.0% W/V Slurry 4.27

10 Alcohol Soluble Extract 11.27 w/w

Conclusion

Sanjivani vati may be used in most of the diseases if one would use a particular anupana during drug administration. During preparation of Sanjivani vati a homogenous mixture with intense urine smell has been attained and sticky substance of Bhallataka and cow urine both helped in tablet formation. The tablet was regular, black in color and devoid of any cracks. All ingredients make this formulation very efficient and notable. Purified Bhallataka, Vatsanabha and cow urine enhances its effect manifold. Qualitative and Quantitative characterization of the drug has been evaluated by using standard guidelines. In conclusion the present study may serve as a beneficial tool to maintain the quality aspects of Sanjivini vati.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. Laxmikant Dwivedi, Ex. HOD, Rasashatra and Bhaishajya Kalpana deptt. , National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur for their support and suggestion to make this work.

References

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2. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Published by the Controller Of Publications Delhi. First English Edition 2000.Vol. -2, Section 12 Vati Prakarana, pp.154.

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Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhawan Limited, Patna. 10th Edition (2000). Ch .1/pp. 5

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