Jianzhong Ma1, Junli Jin1,2, Reza Shaiganfar3, Steffen Beirle, and Thomas Wagner3
1 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China;
2 CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing, China;
3 Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
EGU General Assembly 201427 April – 2 May 2014, Vienna
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing
by MAX-DOAS
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing by MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing by MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Richter et al., Nature, 2005
Pollution hot spots
Central East China
(North China or Huabei, 华北 )
Pollution hot spots
Central East China
(North China or Huabei, 华北 )
Can satellite see air pollution
in China precisely?
Can satellite see air pollution
in China precisely?
Jiang et al., JAMS, 2006
Ma et al., Atmos. Environ., 2006
Satellite data should be validated quantitatively! Satellite data should be validated quantitatively!
2008 2005-2007
GOME2: 59% GOME2: 59% OMI: 43%OMI: 43%
OMI: 40%OMI: 40%
GOME2: 59% GOME2: 59%
OMI: 40%OMI: 40%
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
CMA MAX-DOAS observation sites in and around Beijing
Shangdianzi station (rural)
Aug. 2008 – Mar. 2011
Shangdianzi station (rural)
Aug. 2008 – Mar. 2011
Beijing station (urban)Aug. 2008 - now
Beijing station (urban)Aug. 2008 - now
Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities
Model result from Ma et al., ACP, 2012
MAX-DOAS in urban Beijing
Geometry approximation
sin(α)1
DSCDsin(α)VCD tropα,
trop
Ma et al., ACP, 2013
12 Aug 2008, 12:32-12:35
Mini MAX-DOAS: 2048 pixels, 292-436 nm
MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing
10th (90th) and 25th (75th) percentiles, minimum (maximum) values, andmedians and mean values.
Ma et al., ACP, 2013
Diurnal variations for different seasons from Aug. 2008 to Sept. 2011.
SCIA 10:45 OMI 13:30
Ma et al., ACP, 2013
MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing
A more pronounced
seasonal variation
would be detected by
satellite overpassing
in the afternoon than
in the morning.
A more pronounced
seasonal variation
would be detected by
satellite overpassing
in the afternoon than
in the morning.
MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing
Monthly mean diurnal variations in August of different years
Ma et al., ACP, 2013
Time %
8:00 47
11:00 50
14:00 42
17:00 37
Reduction in 2008
relative to 2009
Post–Olympic effect
more reduction in the
in the late morning.
more reduction in the
in the late morning.
Hendrick et al., ACP, 2014
a good representativeness of the
urban atmosphere over Beijing
a good representativeness of the
urban atmosphere over Beijing
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Satellite underestimates by 43% for SCIAMACHY and by 26-38% for OMI
SCIAMACHY DOMINO-v1.02(2008-2010) (2008-2009)
DOMINO-v2.0 DOMINO-v1.02(2008-2009) (2008-2011)
Ma et al., ACP, 2013
Satellite validation: Tropospheric NO2 over Beijing
Satellite validation: Gird smoothing effect“true distribution” OMI 26×13 km2 SCIA 60×30 km2
Nighttime light0.1×0.1
OMI winter
OMI summer
Smoothing factor = “true” /smoothed = 12Ma et al., ACP, 2013
aerosols0-1 km
NO2
0-200m
Satellite validation: Aerosol shielding effect
Shielding factor = “true” /calculated = 23Ma et al., ACP, 2013
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
CMA MAX-DOAS observation around Beijing
Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities
MAX-DOAS/OMI = 1.21.8
Jin et al., EGU General Assembly, Vienna, 2014
Poster in Session AS3.12/GI2.10: EGU2014-4636
grid smoothing effect can be
neglected at Gucheng.
grid smoothing effect can be
neglected at Gucheng.
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Outline
1. Motivation
2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing
3. Comparisons with satellite data
4. Summary and future work
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Summary
We have retrieved the vertical column densities of tropospheric
NO2 over Beijing and its surrounding area from MAX-DOAS
measurements;
The seasonal and diurnal variations of tropospheric NO2 have been
characterized, which provides valuable information for the
assessment of satellite data;
Satellite observations underestimate tropospheric NO2 in both
urban and rural areas in and around Beijing compared to MAX-DOAS
measurements.
Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna
Future work
To retrieve the vertical column densities of other gases, e.g., SO2
and HCHO, in the troposphere;
To do vertical distribution inversion of tropospheric aerosols and
gases;
To continue satellite validation work.
Aerosol and Trace gases VCD and vertical distribution retrieval based on radiative transfer simulations
3 parameters for vertical distribution:
VCD, AOD
Profile type: S
Layer height: L
Wagner et al., AMT, 2011
Vertical Profiles for Gucheng: 2008.10.10 (clear day)S=1.5,linear-increase
S=1.5, elevated-layer
S=1.2,linear-increase S=1.2, elevated layer
S=1.0,box S=0.8
S=0.5 All free
Comparison with sunphotometer AODat Gucheng for clear days
In DOY 332 and 333,
inversion result of S=1.5 are
always the closest to
sunphotometer result.
But the sub-shape
parameter (elevated layer
or linear-increase) are
mixed.
2008-11-27 2008-11-27 2008-11-29
115.5 116 116.5 117 117.539
39.239.4
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
trace of 0917
lon
lat
Hei
ght
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
Gucheng station (rural)
Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010
CMA MAX-DOAS observation around Beijing
Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities
Aircraft field campaign during 17 Sept. – 13 Oct. 2008
SO2 NOx
0.46- 30 m 5.6-560 nm
谢谢!谢谢! Thank you Thank you
for your attentionfor your attention !!
ESA satellite ENVISAT, March 2002.
8 channels, 240–2380 nm with a spectral resolution of 0.22–1.48 nm.
Tropospheric NO2 columns: 430–450 nm (channel 3).
A local equator crossing time of about 10:00 a.m.
Global cover of nadir measurements is achieved after 6 days.
The footprint 30×60 km2.
NASA’s EOS Aura satellite, July 2004
3 channels, 270 nm to 500 nm with a spectral resolution of about 0.5 nm.
Tropospheric NO2 are columns: 405–465 nm spectral window
A local equator crossing time between 13:40 and 13:50 local time.
Achieve complete global coverage in one day.
Its spatial resolution is 24×13 km2 in nadir, 68×14 km2 at the swath edges.
SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY)
Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)DOMINO v1.02DOMINO v2.0
卫星资料
MAX-DOAS/SCIAMACHY=1.22.9; MAX-DOAS/OMI=1.11.5
33
Item Elements Sample Begin with
Green House Gas
FLASK ( CO2 、 CH4) weekly2004.82006.7
Aerosol
Black carbon Auto 2004.2
Scattering property Auto 2003.11
PM2.5 Auto 2003.12
CCN Auto 2004.4
sunphotometer Auto 2004.3
PM10 sample 2005.10
TSP sample 2005.10
Trace gases
Ozone,SO2,NOx,CO Auto 2004.1
Radiation
Direct, Total,Long,UV-B Auto 2003.9
Longterm observations in Shangdianzi
PrecipatationMeteorological parameters……
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Wind Rose
Longterm observations in Gucheng:
• Gaseous pollutant: O3, SO2, NOx, CO
• Aerosol particles:• balck carbon , PM10/PM2.5/PM1.0, AOD
• Meteorological parameters : Wind, T, P, RH, UV, ……
气溶胶吸收系数(黑碳) (1min) Aethalometer(AE31,Magee Sci.)
散射系数 (1min) Nephelometer (M9003,Ecotech)
IPAC-NC field campaign 2006
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