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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY(1800 – 1828)
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ELECTION OF 1800“Revolution of 1800”Adams v. Jefferson (again)
Major Issues:- Expansion of Military - Foreign Affairs- Alien & Sedition Acts
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ELECTION OF 1800DR PresidentDR CongressFederalist Supreme Court
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JEFFERSON’S PHILOSOPHYSmall govt.
Majority rule
Strict Conststructionism
Agrarian Democracy
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A “NATION OF FARMERS”Govt. support farming
Cities; factories corrupt people
End land speculation
Limit power of upper class
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EXAMPLE POLICIESWestward expansion
Free/cheap farm land
Small Army/Navy
Cut taxes and govt. spending
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LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)French Revolution ends
Napoleon becomes Emperor
Spain cedes Louisiana toFrance
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FRENCH EMPIRE
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LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)Napoleonic Wars ($$)
Loses Haiti (last colony)
Sells Louisiana to US
US doubles in size
Americans begin to push west
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LEWIS & CLARK (1803-1805)
- Created land route to Pacific Ocean- “Discovered” 300 new species- Richness of West documented; fuels expansion
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QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN??QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN??
• Jefferson, and the Republicans, believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution
• More importantly, they believed in using only the enumerated powers of govt. (i.e. no use of the “Elastic” Clause).
• In your opinion, was the Louisiana Purchase an example of his Republican beliefs?
• Or did Jefferson act more like a Federalist, using a loose interpretation in this acquisition?
• Please explain your answer.
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MORE PROBLEMS W/ BRITAIN & FRANCE
• Napoleonic Wars (1802-1814)
• Problems w/ neutrality
• Hurts US trade
• Blockades
• Impressment
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BLOCKADE
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EMBARGO ACT (1807)
• Jefferson wants neutrality
• Stop abuses by Britain & France
• Embargo Act:Goal: Respect US neutrality
• Underestimates France & Britain
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US REACTIONS TO EMBARGO ACT
• Hurts US more than Europe
• Public Outrage!
• US Exports in 1806: $108 Million• US Exports in 1808: $22 Million
• Recession
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POLITICAL CARTOON c. 1808
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BARBARY PIRATES, ARRR!
- Mediterranean Sea- Capture ships; ransom- Demand “tribute”
- No Navy; need warships?- Barbary Wars (1802)- “to the shores of Tripoli”
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WAR OF 1812
• War w/ Britain• 3 years• “Mr. Madison’s War”• MA refuses to fight• “Star Spangled
Banner”• Unexpected Result:• Increases Local
Manufacturing
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MAJOR BATTLES
• Invasion of Canada
• Battle of Washington, DC
• Battle of Baltimore
• Battle of New Orleans
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USS CONSTITUTION ( c. 1812)
• “Old Ironsides”• Still in Boston Harbor today!!
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IMPACTS OF WAR
• Increase in factories (N.)• US borders remain same• Increased sectionalism (N. v. S.)• Andrew Jackson --> military hero
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HENRY CLAY'S AMERICAN SYSTEM
• Boost economy; industrial growth
1.) Protective Tarriffs
2.) Internal Improvements
3.) Creation of 2nd US Bank
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EFFECTS OF AMERICAN SYSTEM
• Road/Bridge construction• Transportation networks
for interstate trade• Expand Army/Navy• Increases in interstate
trade• US Bank stabilizes
currency; dollar becomes more valuable
• Promote nationalism
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ERIE CANAL (1817)
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CANALS c. 1850
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CUMBERLAND ROAD (1811)
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TRANSPORTATION NETWORKSc. 1840
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“ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”
• Easy passage of DR laws
• Govt. gets along
• “Virginia Dynasty”• Jefferson• Madison• Monroe
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JACKSON TAKES FLORIDA (1819)
- Spain controls FL
- Border problems (Indian attacks)
- Monroe to Jackson: Stop border raids
- Jackson invades FL;Spain surrenders
- Annexes FL
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BORDER NEGOTIATIONS (1818 – 1820)
- Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818)
- Convention of 1818 (duh!)
- Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
- Annexation of Florida (1819)
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US BOUNDARIES c. 1820
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MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)
• MO: Slave or Free?
• Applies as slave-state
• Blocked by North
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MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)
• LET'S MAKE A DEAL!!!!!
• Clay to make compromise
• Terms:
1.) MO is slave state
2.) ME is free state
3.) Slavery illegal NORTH of MO
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MONROE DOCTRINE (1820)MONROE DOCTRINE (1820)
• Monroe post-war President (1816-1824)
• No major accomplishments
• Goal: end European colonization in Americas
• Create national identity
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SECTIONALISM INCREASES....SECTIONALISM INCREASES....
• Missouri Compromise brings the issue of slavery to the front burner in US politics
• Country begins to divide: North & South; Free & Slave
• Meanwhile, Americans continue to push west• What to do about....• Oklahoma?• Arkansas?• Oregon?• Kansas?• Nebraska?
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