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]86
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Lvvbkklot
Glibu Crtjx`b \E Xnslo Vboo`octno
Hbotno *@outxretbd hp I L Kls
*Unk`e`tnxu) KKV)
Xbuvnodbot
Bx`e X`hnt UEV Ilz`ib Ulrw`bx UE
Knr`u Bx`e X`hnt *@outxretbd hp Hklmb Klvtjnxo Unk`e`tnxu)
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KNXD MBXX7
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indb na tx`lk hrt tjb lvvbkklot d`d ont hbenib lslxb na tjlt dbe`u`no rot`k 8
Ubvtbihbx 8660 sjbo tjb jblx`oc na tjb elub slu drb tn hbc`o/
1/ Ix Kbulcb enivkl`ou tjlt jb slu ont c`qbo tjb nvvnxtro`tp tn ilmb
xbvxbubotlt`nou no sjbtjbx j`u tx`lk ujnrkd jlqb hbbo jbkd hbanxb tsngrdcbu/ Tj`uslu vlxt`erklxkp `ivnxtlot+ `t `u ekl`ibd+ hbelrub+ `o baabet+ `t xbinqbd lop x`cjt na
lvvblk tn l dnibut`e Enrxt na Lvvblk/ Rodbx ubet`no 5 na tjb Enrxt na E`q`k Lvvblk
Let
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]JbY jlu utxbornrukp dbo`bd lkk tjb lkkbclt`nou na axlrdrkbot
txloulet`nou ildb lcl`out j`i hp tjb ]hlomY/ Jb jlu il`otl`obd tjlt jb
jld hbbo let`oc rodbx `outxret`nou u`oeb jb a`xut gn`obd tjb ]hlomY/ Jbjlu utltbd tjlt jb jld obqbx enii`ttbd lop letu na klxebop nx axlrdrkbot
lhutxlet`no na arodu lod tjlt sjlt jb d`d slu lt lkk iltbx`lk t`ibu s`tj`o
tjb monskbdcb na j`u urvbx`nx naa`ebxu lod `o vlxt`erklx tjb Cbobxlk
Ilolcbx/ Jb jlu utltbd tjlt tjb ilolcbibot na tjb ]hlomY axni
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Latbx loz`nru enou`dbxlt`no+ sb jlqb xblejbd tjb enoekru`no tjlt tjb
qbxu`no na Ix Kbulcb eloont hb xbtl`obd/ Sb ulp un hbelrub sb a`od
tjlt jb jlu hbbo alhrklt`oc `o inxb tjlo nob `outloebu *u`e) knu`oc j`uvn`ub sjbo enxobxbd lod jb slu ont nokp ujrtt`oc j`u bpbu tn tjb
nhq`nru hrt jb slu lkun cknuu`oc nqbx ebxtl`o bqbotu lod vrtt`oc tjb
hklib no ntjbxu+ anxcbtt`oc tjlt jb slu tjb vbxuno xbuvnou`hkb anx tjb
dbvlxtibot enoebxobd/ Jb jlu lkun ujnso j`iubka tn hb qbxp ubkbet`qb `o
j`u xbenkkbet`no na bqbotu/ Jb jlu enib rv s`tj lousbxu sj`ej lxb
enotxld`etnxp lod dbinoutxltbu j`u c`at na vl`ot`oc l d`aabxbot v`etrxb
tjbxbhp d`utnxt`oc aletu sj`ej lxb nhq`nru buvbe`lkkp sjbo enoaxnotbd
s`tj dneribotu tjb enotbotu na sj`ej lxb ekblx lod rolih`crnru/ Sb
jlqb ebxtl`okp ont hbbo `ivxbuubd hp j`u ld olrubli ilotxl na jlq`oc
dnob lkk tjnub letu `o tjb enrxub na j`u bivknpibot rodbx `outxret`nousjbo+ ldi`ttbdkp lu `t slu ul`d+ hb`oc l ilo na ontbu+ jb jlu hbbo
`oelvlhkb tn hx`oc rv lop `outxret`nou `o sx`t`oc axni Ix VC Onbk nx
axni lop ntjbx anxibx Cbobxlk Ilolcbx drx`oc tjlt knoc vbx`nd rodbx
enou`dbxlt`no/ Sb u`ivkp dn ont hbk`bqb Ix Kbulcb lod sb obbd nokp
tn j`cjk`cjt unib na tjb bq`dboeb lod ilgnx enotxld`et`nou tn urvvnxt
nrx enoekru`no/
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Jb lcl`o jld tn ldi`t tjlt s`tjnrt hb`oc vxnivtbd+ jb jld xbvk`bd tn tjb
@ELE tjlt tjb `dbl na u`vjno`oc naa arodu na tjb OVA.OUA neerxxbd tn
j`i+ sjbo lxnrod tjlt t`ib *iblo`oc Lrcrut
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IX UTBVJBO7 Ip Knxd+ `a @ ilp/ @ xbeb`qbd+ nhq`nrukp+ `outxret`nou
axni ip `outxret`oc Lttnxobp///// *`otbxxrvtbd)/
TJB ENRXT7 Rokbuu+ pnrx ek`bot enib lod ulp tjlt jb dnbuo#t slot
pnr lopinxb+ tjbo tjb ntjbx `uurb s`kk ]hbY+ sjn s`kk lvvblx anx j`ihbelrub tjbub ilttbxu lxb alx hlem sjbo @ xbld tjb kbttbx/ Tjb vxnhkbi
utlxtbd `o i`dLrcrut/ Un+ i`dLrcrut tn tndlp+ l k`ttkb inxb tjlo tsn
sbbmu/ Pnrx ek`bot enrkd jlqb xbtl`obd lontjbx Enroubk/ Tjb Lttnxobp
ut`kk xbil`ou tjbxb+ `uo#t `t> X`cjt> Un> @ s`kk c`qb pnr t`ib tn tj`om lhnrt
`t lod @#kk enib hlem tn pnr/ @a pnrx ek`bot ulpu tjlt jb dnbuo#t slot pnr
tjlt#u l d`aabxbot ilttbx ons/ Pnr ubb sjlt @ iblo/
IX UTBVJBO7 Pbu+ hrt axni ip vn`ot na q`bs+ jb `u ont ankkns`oc ip
ldq`eb lod Pnrx Knxduj`vu+ @ li hnrod hp vxnabuu`nolk ubexbtu+enoa`dbot`lk`tp hrt Pnrx Knxduj`v `u lslxb lod ip ek`bot jlu+ `o alet+ vrt
rv *u`e) tjb Enrxt `otn tjb v`etrxb lod anx tjbub xblunou @ li rolhkb tn+
vxnabuu`nolkkp+ enot`orb lvvblx`oc `o tjb elub/ @ li laxl`d/ @ s`kk hb
dn`oc d`uubxq`eb tn ip ek`bot sjbxb @ ujnrkd ont enot`orb lvvblx`oc lod
ip ek`bot `u lslxb na tj`u lod tjb xblunou anx sj`ej @ jlqb `ot`iltbd tn
j`i tjlt @ s`kk hb utbvv`oc dnso axni tjb elub/
TJB ENRXT7 Pbu+ hrt tjbo pnrx dbe`u`no enrkd jlqb hbbo tlmbo tn
*`olrd`hkb) un tjlt jb `u ]`oY l ekblx vnu`t`no/ @ rodbxutlod axni tjb kbttbxjb utltbd tjlt `a bqbx pnr s`tjdxls+ jb s`kk lum anx l vnutvnobibot lod
sjbtjbx tjb Enrxt s`kk cxlot l vnutvnobibot tjltu lontjbx ilttbx ons+
x`cjt/
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Tjb klttbx dneribot slu ibxbkp lo libodbd qbxu`no na tjb Lvvk`elt`no anx
Vbxi`uu`no tn Lvvblk dneribot sj`ej jld hbbo loobzbd tn tjb nx`c`olk Ont`eb na
Lvvblk/ @t xbil`obd qbxhnub lod knocs`odbd lod enotl`obd aletrlk luubxt`no lod
lxcribot xltjbx tjlo utlt`oc enoe`ubkp tjb letrlk cxnrodu na lvvblk/
88/ Jlq`oc enou`dbxbd tjb arxtjbx kbttbx lod tjb lttlejibot tjb Xbc`utxlx sxntb
lcl`o tn tjb lvvbkklot no
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@t `u arxtjbx ult`ua`bd tjlt tjb cxnrod `dbot`a`bd `o tjb Xbc`utxlxu kbttbx na
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20/ Tjb Enrxt xb`tbxltbu tjlt tjb x`cjt na leebuu tn tjb enrxtu uberxbd hp
Lxt`ekb 1*
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55/ Inxbnqbx+ tjb ldb|rlep na urej enout`trt`nolk vxntbet`no na tjb kls lu `u
laanxdbd hp tjb lql`klh`k`tp na lo lvvblk+ lkhb`t s`tj kblqb+ tn tjb Vx`qp Enroe`k+ jlu
hbbo+ lt kblut `ivk`e`tkp+ bodnxubd hp tjb enrxtu `o Ilrx`t`ru/ @oDnilj q Tjb Grd`e`lklod Kbclk Ubxq`eb Enii`uu`no ]866
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52/ Tjb a`olk lxcribot ldqloebd hp tjb lvvbkklot no tj`u `uurb slu tjlt jb nrcjt tn
jlqb hbbo c`qbo lo nvvnxtro`tp tn ilmb xbvxbubotlt`nou no tjb dbe`u`no tn lkkneltb tjb
jblx`oc na tj`u let`no tn l tsn grdcb enrxt/ Tjbxb `u ontj`oc `o tj`u lxcribot/ Tjb
lvvbkklot leebvtu tjlt jb enrkd jlqb ildb xbvxbubotlt`nou no tjb ilttbx lu unno lu jb
d`uenqbxbd tjlt j`u elub slu tn hb tx`bd hp tsn grdcbu/ @odbbd `t slu leebvtbd tjlt lo
lvvk`elt`no enrkd jlqb hbbo ildb tn jlqb tjb nxdbx na tjb Ej`ba Grut`eb xbqnmbd/ @o
alet+ Ix Kbulcb jld unrcjt lo ldgnrxoibot hbelrub na tjb ilco`trdb na tjb elub+
`xno`elkkp l utx`m`ockp u`i`klx enou`dbxlt`no tn nob na tjb utltrtnxp hlubu no sj`ej tjb
Ej`ba Grut`eb slu bivnsbxbd tn let rodbx ubet`no 51 na tjb
51/ Axni tjb leenrot na tjb vxnebbd`ocu no 8 Ubvtbihbx 8660 c`qbo lt vlxlu
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5:/ @t `u ekl`ibd+ jnsbqbx+ tjlt sjbo tjb hlomu elub slu robzvbetbdkp eknubd hp
Ix X`hnt+ enroubk anx tjb hlom+ lt 5 vi no : Netnhbx 8660+ Ix Onbk jlq`oc grut
enivkbtbd j`u bq`dboeb+ Kli Ujloc Kbbo Gu vbxbivtnxp `ou`utboeb tjlt IxJrxjlocbb snrkd jlqb tn enot`orb s`tj tjb elub lt
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IX JRXJLOCBB7 Sbkk Ip Knxd+ @ obbd lt kblut ENRXT7 Lt kblut sjlt> IX JRXJLOCBB7 @ jlqb tn jlqb l h`t na t`ib tn hxbltjb lt kblut+ Ip Knxd/ ENRXT7 Rot`k tninxxns inxo`oc pnr#qb cnt 86 jnrxu hbanxb pnr/ IX JRXJLOCBB7 Pblj hrt///
ENRXT7 86 jnrxu `u qbxp knoc+ pnr mons/ IX JRXJLOCBB7 Ip Knxd+ @ dn rodbxutlod hrt anx tjb IX JRXJLOCBB7 @ dn rodbxutlod+ Ip Knxd/ ENRXT7 X`cjt> IX JRXJLOCBB7 Hrt lt kblut anx /// ENRXT7 Sb jlqb hbbo txp`oc tn leeniindltb s`tj pnr/ Sb jlqb hbbo qbxp vlt`bot s`tj pnr/
IX JRXJLOCBB7 @ lvvxbe`ltb+ Ip Knxd/ ENRXT7 Sb jlqb c`qbo pnr t`ib/ Sb lkun jbkv pnr tn vrt |rbut`nou sjbo pnr sbxb ont un ekblx `o pnrx i`od/ IX JRXJLOCBB7 Bzletkp/ @ xblkkp lvvxbe`ltb+ Ip Knxd/
Vlcb
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ENRXT7 Pnr#qb cnt pnrx gro`nx s`tj pnr+ pnr ujnrkd snxm/
IX JRXJLOCBB7 NM/
ENRXT7 Tninxxns inxo`oc tbo n#eknem/ @t#u bzli`olt`no `o ej`ba/ @t
s`kk hb qbxp blup/ Lkk x`cjt/
50/ Tj`u ubet`no na tjb txlouex`vt dnbu ont ilmb enianxtlhkb xbld`oc/ Enroubk slu
ont c`qbo lo nvvnxtro`tp tn dbqbknv j`u xblunou anx obbd`oc inxb t`ib tn vxbvlxb/
Nob jlu tjb d`ut`oet `ivxbuu`no tjlt tjb enrxt jld knut vlt`boeb s`tj Ix Jrxjlocbb
lod tjlt jb slu xltjbx dxlcnnobd `otn leebvt`oc tjlt jb irut vxnebbd tjb ankkns`oc
inxo`oc/ Lcl`o+ nob elo jlqb unib upivltjp s`tj tjb enrxt/ Jlq`oc xbld tjb bot`xb
txlouex`vt+ `t lvvblxu tjlt Ix Jrxjlocbb ilp ont jlqb lkslpu jld l ekblx `dbl na tjbelub tjlt jb slu ilm`oc `o exnuu bzli`olt`no/ @o enoub|rboeb+ j`u enodret na j`u
ek`botu elub lt t`ibu klembd aneru lod unsbd enoaru`no/ No neelu`nou j`u |rbut`no`oc
slu xbvbt`t`qb lod ont d`xbetkp no vn`ot/ Hrt lt tj`u utlcb na tjb jblx`oc jb slu
ubbm`oc tn bzvkl`o sjp jb obbdbd inxb t`ib tn vxbvlxb sjlt slu cn`oc tn hb l exre`lk
vlxt na tjb elub anx j`u ek`bot/ Jb nrcjt lt kblut tn jlqb hbbo c`qbo tjb ejloeb tn
bzvxbuu j`u xblunou anx obbd`oc inxb t`ib tjlo tjb enrxt slu vxbvlxbd tn lkkns/
46/ Tjb eniibot tjlt `a Ix Jrxjlocbb jld utbvvbd `otn tjb elub kltb `t slu j`u
vxnhkbi slu roanxtroltb/ Tjb `uurb lt tj`u utlcb slu ont Ix Jrxjlocbbu vbxunolk
vxbd`elibot hrt sjbtjbx tjb dbabodlotu elub enrkd hb al`xkp lod vxnvbxkp vrt `a jb
slu ont c`qbo inxb t`ib tn vxbvlxb/
4
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Tjb enrxtu jnut`k`tp tn Ix Kbulcb lod j`u enroubk
45/ Ix Crtjx`b tnnm tjb Hnlxd tn ubqbxlk vluulcbu `o tjb xbenxd na vxnebbd`ocu `o
sj`ej+ jb ekl`ibd+ tjb enrxt d`uvklpbd nhq`nru jnut`k`tp tn Ix Kbulcb lod Ix
Jrxjlocbb/ @t snrkd ont hb jbkvark tn ubt nrt tjnub vluulcbu/ Tjb Hnlxd jluenou`dbxbd lkk na tjbi/ Tjbxb sbxb rodnrhtbdkp neelu`nou sjbo Kli Ujloc Kbbo G
slu j`cjkp ex`t`elk na Ix Jrxjlocbb lod lvvblxbd tn hb lhxrvt `o dblk`oc s`tj vkblu
anx t`ib nx rodbxutlod`oc na tjb d`aa`erkt`bu tjlt enroubk alebd/ @t lvvblxu tjlt Ix
Jrxjlocbb slu+ axni t`ib tn t`ib+ un ablxark na d`uvkblu`oc tjb enrxt tjlt jb d`d ont
lum anx ldgnrxoibotu/ Unibt`ibu+ sjbo jb d`d ilmb lo lvvk`elt`no+ jb s`tjdxbs tjb
xb|rbut hbelrub na sjlt jb uls lu tjb enrxtu loonploeb/ Tjb enrxt `outxretbd j`i tn
xbvjxlub |rbut`nou lod `o nob `outloeb jb slu tnkd tn Enib no/ Jb slu hbxltbd anx
trxo`oc j`u hlem tn tjb enrxt `o nxdbx tn ubbm j`u ek`botu `outxret`nou lod slu leerubd
na lum`oc |rbut`nou sj`ej jb d`d ont rodbxutlod/ J`u xblet`no tn irej na tj`u
ex`t`e`ui slu tn vxnaabx vxnanrod lod xbvbltbd lvnknc`bu/ Tj`u d`d ont inkk`ap tjbenrxt/ Ix Jrxjlocbb slu tnkd ont tn slutb tjb t`ib na tjb enrxt lod tjlt `a jb jld
ontj`oc tn ulp jb slu tn grut u`t dnso/ Sjbo jb tnkd tjb enrxt tjlt jb slu snxo nrt+
Kli Ujloc Kbbo G xbtnxtbd+ Sb lxb lkun snxo nrt+ dn pnr mons tjlt> Jb slu tnkd
tjlt jb jld ont vl`d jbbd tn slxo`ocu tjlt tjb enrxt jld c`qbo j`i/
44/ Tlmbo `o `unklt`no lod nrt na enotbzt+ tjbub bzejlocbu hbtsbbo Ix Jrxjlocbb
lod tjb enrxt lvvblx roubbikp lod unibsjlt dbiblo`oc tn enroubk/ Hrt tjb Hnlxd
xbenco`ubu tjlt+ `o tjb enrxub na l knoc tx`lk+ buvbe`lkkp sjbxb tjbxb jlu hbbo xbvbt`t`no
lod lo lvvlxbot knuu na d`xbet`no `o exnuu bzli`olt`no+ enroubk ilp xb|r`xb tn hbenxxbetbd a`xikp/ @t snrkd ont hb d`aa`erkt tn i`ugrdcb tjb tnob na tjb `outxret`nou
c`qbo hp tjb hboej axni l enou`dbxlt`no na tjb txlouex`vt+ s`tjnrt letrlkkp jblx`oc
jns tjb enrxt lddxbuubd enroubk/ Tjb Hnlxd `u ont vxbvlxbd tn jnkd+ no tjb hlu`u na
tjbub bzejlocbu lknob+ tjlt sjlt vluubd hbtsbbo Ix Jrxjlocbb lod tjb enrxt snrkd
`obq`tlhkp vxndreb tjb lvvblxloeb na roal`xobuu nx h`lu/ Noeb lcl`o+ jnsbqbx+ tjbp
irut hb enou`dbxbd `o enih`olt`no s`tj ntjbx ilttbxu `o lo nqbxlkk luubuuibot na
sjbtjbx urej lo lvvblxloeb slu exbltbd/
Tjb lvvblxloeb na h`lu nx roal`xobuu
42/ Dbuv`tb jlq`oc xbeb`qbd l kbttbx axni Ix Kbulcb enotl`o`oc dbtl`ku na tjb
ldq`eb tjlt j`u enroubk jld c`qbo j`i tn ubttkb tjb elub+ tjb grdcbu d`d ont xl`ub s`tj
enroubk tjb |rbut`no na sjbtjbx `t slu vxnvbx tjlt tjbp ujnrkd enot`orb tn enodret tjb
tx`lk/ Tjbxb lxb tsn vnuu`hkb bzvklolt`nou anx tj`u/ Tjb a`xut `u tjlt `t obqbx neerxxbd
tn tjb grdcbu tjlt tjb vnuu`h`k`tp na tjb lvvblxloeb na vxbgrd`eb nx roal`xobuu lxnub/
Tjb ubenod vnuu`h`k`tp `u tjlt tjbp sbxb lkbxt tn tjb alet tjlt tjb `oanxilt`no tjlt tjbp
jld xbeb`qbd clqb x`ub tn l u`trlt`no na vnuu`hkb lvvlxbot h`lu nx roal`xobuu hrt
dbe`dbd ont tn xl`ub `t/ Tjb Hnlxd enou`dbxu tjlt tjb a`xut na tjbub `u `ojbxbotkp inxb
k`mbkp/
Vlcb
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41/ @o Vnxtbx q Ilc`kk ]866
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2 @o tjb Hnlxdu q`bs+ `t u `obq`tlhkb tjlt jb nx ujb
snrkd enoekrdb tjlt tjb enrxt slu ont lkbxt tn tjb obbd anx q`c`kloeb tn bourxb tjlt tj`u
`oanxilt`no d`d ont jlqb lo ro`otbodbd baabet no `tu q`bs na tjb exbd`h`k`tp na tjb
lvvbkklotu elub/ @t ankknsu tjlt tjb vnuu`h`k`tp tjlt tjb grdcbu snrkd hb `oakrboebd tn
l urhenoue`nru d`uvnu`t`no lcl`out tjb lvvbkklotu elub slu `obuelvlhkb/
25/ Tjlt enoekru`no `u xb`oanxebd hp enou`dbxlt`no na tjb slp `o sj`ej tjb tx`lk
slu enodretbd lod tjb iloobx `o sj`ej+ `o `tu grdcibot+ tjb enrxt d`ui`uubd tjb
lvvbkklotu dbaboeb lu rosnxtjp na hbk`ba/ Tjb Hnlxd jlu lkxbldp nhubxqbd tjlt tjbxbarulk tn ldgnrxo tjb tx`lk lod tjb bzejlocbu hbtsbbo enroubk lod tjb enrxt snrkd
ont+ na tjbiubkqbu+ obebuulx`kp c`qb x`ub tn tjb lvvblxloeb na h`lu lod roal`xobuu/ Hrt
sjbo tjbp lxb enou`dbxbd lcl`out tjb hlemcxnrod tjlt tjb enrxt slu dblk`oc s`tj l
dbabodlot sjn+ lu tjb enrxt mobs+ jld xbarubd tn leebvt enroubku utxnoc ldq`eb+ l
d`aabxbot v`etrxb bibxcbu/ Mons`oc tjlt tjb enrxt jld hbbo tnkd+ na tj`u lod tjlt tjb
grdcbu jld ont bqbo enou`dbxbd sjbtjbx `t slu lvvxnvx`ltb anx tjbi tn enot`orb tn
jblx tjb elub+ tjb `oanxibd nhubxqbx enrkd ont lqn`d tjb enoekru`no tjlt tjb slp `o
sj`ej tjb elub slu enodretbd slu lt kblut `od`elt`qb na l vnuu`hkb klem na enivkbtb
`ivlxt`lk`tp no tjb vlxt na tjb enrxt/ Tjlt enoekru`no snrkd jlqb hbbo xbodbxbd bqbo
inxb rolqn`dlhkb hp l enou`dbxlt`no na tjb enrxtu q`bs lhnrt sjlt `t dbuex`hbd lutjb inut dlio`oc v`beb na bq`dboeb lcl`out Ix Kbulcb/
24/ Tjb vluulcb axni tjb grdcibot sj`ej dblkt s`tj tj`u `uurb `u |rntbd lt vlxl
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22/ @t `u obebuulxp tn enou`dbx elxbarkkp tjb xbenxd na vxnebbd`ocu sjbxb tj`u
bq`dboeb slu c`qbo `o nxdbx tn bzli`ob sjbtjbx tjb slp `o sj`ej tjb enoebuu`no
slu ildb lod tjb enoekru`no xblejbd no `t `o tjb grdcibot c`qbu x`ub tn tjb
lvvblxloeb na h`lu nx roal`xobuu/ Tjb bq`dboeb slu c`qbo no
L/ On+ tjb unrxeb slu ip nso `o`t`lt`qb/ Tjb `outxret`nou elib axni
ip urvbx`nxu/
\/ @ vrt `t tn pnr tjlt `o tjb utltbibot tjlt pnr clqb tn @ELE+ pnr
leebvtbd tjlt `t slu nrt na pnrx nso `o`t`lt`qb>
L/ On/
\/ On>
L/ Tjb `o`t`lt`qb///// *`otbxxrvtbd)
\/ @ vrt tjb |rbut`no lod pnr#kk lousbx>
L/ Pbu/
\/ Tjb |rbut`no sj`ej slu vrt tn pnr enoebxo`oc tjb OVA.OUA leenrot`u lu ankknsu7
Sbxb pnr let`oc rodbx `outxret`nou sjbo pnr a`xut tnnm arodu axni
OVA.OUA a`zbd dbvnu`t leenrot>
lod pnrx lousbx `u7
Vlcb 8
7/30/2019 JCPC 2011 0027 Judgment
23/25
On/ @ d`d `t no ip nso `o`t`lt`qb/ Tjb `dbl tn rub tjb OVA.OUA a`zbd
dbvnu`t leenrotu neerxxbd tn ib sjbo lxnrod tjlt t`ib @ xbeb`qbd tjb
vjnob elkk axni kltb Ix Dbbvolxl`o Ilool sjn slu tjb A`oloe`lk
Ubexbtlxp lod lkun Ejl`xilo na tjb OVA @oqbutibot Enii`ttbb
xb|rbut`oc ib tn ilmb l txlouabx na Xu/
L/ @ ul`d `t tn tjb @ELE+ lcl`o vrtt`oc `t `o vxnvbx vbxuvbet`qb/ @t slu tjb
unrxeb sj`ej slu ip `o`t`lt`qb/ Ntjbxs`ub+ tjb vlttbxo slu l A`oloe`oc
uejbib//// *`otbxxrvtbd)/
ENRXT7 Ix Kbulcb+ tjb |rbut`no vrt tn pnr `u7
D`d pnr ulp tjlt tn tjb @ELE>
Tjb lousbx `a pbu tjlt#u tjb bod na tjb ilttbx/ X`cjt> Pnr eloont cn no
tbkk`oc tj`u lod tj`u lod tjlt/ @a tj`u `u ont anrod `o pnrx utltbibot+ kbt Ix
Jrxjlocbb+ `o xbbzli`olt`no+ txp tn vrt `t ekblx/ Tjb |rbut`no `u vrt tn
pnr+ pnr lousbx tn tjlt |rbut`no/
21/ @t ubbiu axni tjbub bzejlocbu tjlt Ix Kbulcb slu lttbivt`oc tn d`ut`ocr`uj
hbtsbbo let`oc no j`u nso `o`t`lt`qb `o `dbot`ap`oc tjb unrxeb na tjb arodu hrt tjlt `o
tlm`oc tjb arodu axni tjb leenrot jb slu let`oc no `outxret`nou/ Hrt jb slu ont
vbxi`ttbd tn dbqbknv j`u lousbx `o nxdbx tn ilmb tjlt vn`ot/ Tj`u slu ex`t`elk/ Tjb
grdcibot enoekrdbu tjlt Ix Kbulcb letbd tjxnrcjnrt tjb txloulet`no no j`u nso
`o`t`lt`qb lod tjlt tjbxb slu on `ovrt sjltbqbx axni j`u urvbx`nxu/ Tjb elub tjlt jb
s`ujbd tn ilmb slu tjlt tj`u d`d ont xbvxbubot l vxnvbx rodbxutlod`oc na tjb txrb
vnu`t`no/ Tjb Hnlxd `u ult`ua`bd tjlt tjb lvvbkklot ujnrkd jlqb hbbo lkknsbd tn
bklhnxltb j`u lousbx lod tjlt jb ujnrkd ont jlqb hbbo enoa`obd tn l pbu nx on
xbuvnoub/ @o xbaru`oc tn vbxi`t j`i tn dn un+ tjb enrxt exbltbd tjb lvvblxloeb naroal`xobuu lod h`lu/
L xbtx`lk>
23/ @t i`cjt hb ul`d tjlt tjb exblt`no na lo lvvblxloeb na roal`xobuu nx h`lu nsbd
irej tn tjb let`nou na Ix Kbulcb j`iubka `o ubod`oc tjb kbttbx tn tjb enrxt `o ldqloeb
na tjb tx`lk/ @t `u lkun tn hb nhubxqbd tjlt jb d`d ont lum tjb grdcbu tn xberub
tjbiubkqbu lt lop utlcb na tjb vxnebbd`ocu/
Vlcb 88
7/30/2019 JCPC 2011 0027 Judgment
24/25
@o enoub|rboeb l xbtx`lk+ `a nxdbxbd ons+ s`kk `oqnkqb enou`dbxlhkb `oenoqbo`boeb tn
tjb vlxt`bu lod s`tobuubu lod s`kk `oqnkqb l urhutlot`lk dbilod no enrxt xbunrxebu/
Ujnrkd tjbub ilttbxu jlqb lop vlxt tn vklp `o tjb Hnlxdu dbe`u`no lu tn sjbtjbx tjbxb
ujnrkd hb l xbtx`lk>
2:/ @t `u ekblx tjlt tjbxb elo hb on |rbut`no na sl`qbx no tjb vlxt na tjb lvvbkklot hp
xbluno na j`u al krxb tn lum tjb grdcbu tn xberub tjbiubkqbu/ Tj`u snrkd xb|r`xb l
qnkrotlxp bkbet`no no j`u vlxt ont tn xl`ub lo nhgbet`no tn tjb grdcbu jblx`oc tjb elub/
Tjlt bkbet`no snrkd lkun jlqb tn hb `oanxibd lod rob|r`qnelk ubb I`kklx q D`emuno
]866
7/30/2019 JCPC 2011 0027 Judgment
25/25
16/ Tjb Hnlxd bodnxubu tj`u lvvxnlej/ Sjbxb tjb lvvblxloeb na roal`xobuu nx h`lu
jlu hbbo butlhk`ujbd+ nxdbx`oc l obs tx`lk axbb axni tjb tl`ot na tjlt ilo`abutlt`no `u
rolqn`dlhkb/ Tjb Hnlxd s`kk tjbxbanxb lkkns tjb lvvblk+ |rluj tjb dbe`u`no na tjb
Urvxbib Enrxt lod d`xbet tjlt l xbtx`lk tlmb vkleb hbanxb l d`aabxbotkp enout`trtbd
enrxt/
Vlcb 84
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